Food Self-sufficiency Research Articles

Analysis of Reproduction and Agri-Food Market of Crop Production in the Conditions of Food Independence of the Region

Throughout the existence of mankind, the issues of human nutrition have been of daily relevance. With the development of statehood, their formulations have changed and since the beginning of the 21st century, tasks have been set to provide the population with food of their own production, to develop the reproductive process in agriculture, to achieve food self-sufficiency and independence.The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to determine the type of reproduction process in the current situation on the market of crop production in order to assess the level of food self-sufficiency of the population of the Irkutsk region with these products and to develop recommendations for their development.Materials and methods. Statistical methods were used in the paper: descriptive statistics, comparative analysis, dynamic series analysis, monographic and other research methods. The study uses normative, reference and statistical information. The empirical base of the study was made up of data from the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Irkutsk region, accounting reports of agricultural organizations, publications in open sources. The object of the study is the supply of crop production in the Irkutsk region on the market.Results. The author’s approach in the study of the reproductive process and the agro-food market of crop production in the Irkutsk region, allowed to comprehensively analyze and determine: the type of reproduction of crop production, namely grain as expanded, potatoes and vegetables as narrowed; the main grain producers are peasant farms, potatoes and vegetables are households of the population; the level of self-sufficiency of the region with crop production, namely the region is self-sufficient with grain and potatoes; the level of food dependence of the region on imports, namely, the region is dependent on the import of vegetables; to identify the factors that influenced the formation of these indexes (natural and climatic, investment, reduction of the rural population, the prevailing eating behavior of the population of the region, etc.).Conclusion. Taking into account the results obtained, economic instability, high dynamics of changes in the external environment, the directions of formation and development of reproduction and agrifood market of crop production in the Irkutsk region are proposed, namely, for the development of grain production, it is necessary to organize and develop production of highly efficient machinery and technologies for processing; the development of potato growing requires significant investments in agricultural organizations and peasant farms for the purchase of equipment for planting, hilling, harvesting, etc., the construction of potato storage facilities, etc.; increasing the level of self-sufficiency with vegetables in the Irkutsk region is possible through the application of the experience of neighboring regions, the joint work of the state and agricultural producers, the allocation of state support and private investment.

Geospatial model for allocating favorable plots for groundwater-dependent cultivation activities in Egypt

Moving towards horizontal expansion in the vast barren lands to alleviate overpopulation along the Nile River is imperative to Egypt’s 2030 sustainable development strategy. Accordingly, a mega reclamation project was advocated with a key goal of achieving food self-sufficiency. Solar-powered groundwater pumping system was adopted as the main water supply. Planning efforts are therefore inevitable to help locate the most favourable sites for such extensive cultivation activities. Herein, a multicriteria decision analysis was conducted to facilitate the zoning of potential rural communities across the northern portions of the Western Desert of Egypt. For this purpose, data of groundwater exploration, soil characterization, terrestrial accessibility, insolation intensity, and terrain information were fused to produce a high-resolution suitability map. The analytical hierarchy process approach was adopted to set the weighted importance of adopted criteria. The study area was categorized into Best, Good, Moderate, Fair, Poor, and Restricted classes at 1.7%, 13%, 42.6%, 26%, 10%, and 3%, respectively, of the entire region, while the constrained plots were masked out. The implemented and proposed wells fields within the underway national rural development project extend over agriculturally suitable pixels affirming the validity of the developed geospatial model. About 1.5 million ha, representing 7.2% of the undeveloped area, were found to be highly suitable for future expansion of agribusiness activities. The generated priority map will assist the decision-makers in the planning procedures for ongoing reclamation activities throughout Egypt.

Capabilities of wheat crop farmers in the selected war zones in Afghanistan

Wheat is Afghanistan's principal food crop, and sustaining its production is critical to guaranteeing food security and self-sufficiency. Wheat crops contributed approximately 60% to 75% of total calorie consumption in the country. However, as a country that has been at war since 1978, it has been difficult for the wheat production enterprise to keep up with demand in order to feed the population. In order to be resilient in their operations and grow in the face of conflict and war, the players in this industry may have to withstand, survive and adapt to different situations and phenomena within the conflict and war conditions as compared to the normal wheat production context in the peaceful countries. Hence, the objective of this research is to look into the capabilities of the parties involved in wheat crop production in a prolonged war zone. This research was based on a qualitative case study. Interviews, observations, and documents were used to gather the necessary information, which was then analyzed using thematic analysis. This study revealed that ten out of fourteen capability constructs of resilience framework were applicable while four were not applicable in a war zone. This study also found some specific capabilities that wheat crop farmers possess and enable them to produce wheat crops in war conditions. This study provided new information regarding farmers’ capabilities in agriculture production in a war zone.

Youth Empowerment at Mosque Based on Yard Land Utilization to Increase Food Self-Sufficiency and Community Economy

To support the achievement of the food self-sufficiency program, the community can make productive use of yards and vacant land. Some problems faced by members of the Youth of Labbaik Sonopakis Mosque are the use of yards and vacant land is not optimal, knowledge and insight in using yards are still limited, and skills in cultivating plants and raising fish and livestock are still lacking. Based on an analysis of the needs of the members of the Youth of Labbaik Sonopakis Mosque and the competence of the Proposal Team, several priority issues and solutions are the optimal and productive use of yards and vacant land through the implementation of an integrated farming system, so that food is available for families and communities. Based on the problems faced and the solutions offered, several methods are used, which include counseling, training, and practice, as well as assistance in the management of yards and vacant land in an integrated manner by planting cassava, vegetables, and fruit, raising livestock and fish and monitoring evaluation. The results of the implementation of community service at the Labbaik Mosque Congregation can increase the knowledge, understanding, and skills of participants in productively utilizing yards and vacant land through the application of integrated agriculture by planting various tubers, vegetables, and fruits as well as cultivating fish and native chickens so that can increase the availability and independence of food as well as the economy of families and communities

The relationship between social capital and food security in farmer households (case study: Sedayulawas Village, Lamongan Regency – Indonesia)

Sedayulawas Village is one of the villages contributed to the positive growth of Lamongan Regency in the fourth quarter of 2020. It has been named the selected pilot project for eradicating extreme poverty with the target of increasing community food security. However, this program was not supported by the relationship between farmers and farmer group leaders, as the trust of farmers to the group leaders were low since they couldnot protect farmers from many conflicts within the group. To ensure the success of programs of food security, the social capital of among farmers was an alternative mechanism for the community to increase food security. This study aimed to reveal how the contribution of the social capital of farmer households to food security in the Food Self-Sufficiency Program in Sedayulawas Village, Brondong District, Lamongan Regency. Descriptive statistical analysis to determine food security conditions were done using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) followed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result showed that there is a direct and indirect relationship between social capital and food security which has a significant value at the 5% test level. The food utilization variable explained 86.6% of farmers’ food security variability and the results of t-test showed that social capital has a significant effect in supporting the food security program for farmers in Sedayulawas Village.

Agricultural Food System Transformation on China's Food Security.

Different countries and regions in the world are experiencing structural transformation of the agri-food system, which is represented by the increase of meat and feed consumption. Based on a detailed review of the global and China's agri-food system transformation, this paper constructs an analytical framework of the impact of agri-food system transformation on food security and discusses the food security issues in China after 2000. The results show that the proportion of the dimension of agri-food system transformation in the food security index has a significant downward trend, and its positive effect on food security is decreasing. At the same time, due to the growth in demand for meat during the transformation of the agri-food system, China imports a large number of feed grains such as soybean and corn, leading to a decline in domestic food self-sufficiency. Furthermore, the coupling coordination degree between China's agri-food system transformation and food quantity security decreases, and their development tends to deviate. In the future, increasing the consumption of grain-saving poultry and curbing table waste are feasible strategies for China to cope with the transformation of agri-food system and ensure food security. China's problems and solutions in facing the transformation of its agri-food system can provide some references for other developing countries.

Dynamic Governance in increasing Millennial Participation Food Independent South Sumatra Movement Program (GSMP)

Appropriate measures to address food security at the local level can be designed and implemented, understanding people's perceptions and judgments about their food security, will have practical implications for designing better interventions to improve community food security. This study uses a qualitative methodology through interviews, and then the data is coded using Nvivo 12 Plus. To realize this, the Province of South Sumatra implemented the South Sumatra Self-Sufficient Food Movement through efforts to change the community's mindset from "buyers" to "producers" covering the cultivation of plants, fish, and poultry. However, its implementation is still experiencing many obstacles, including beneficiaries still focusing on their main activities to earn income so that the assistance received has not been utilized optimally, GSMP socialization has not been optimal for beneficiaries, field assistance related to plant and fish cultivation has not been optimal, as well as assistance provided services provided have not been fully adapted to field conditions and beneficiary skills. So, it is expected to be able to recommend solutions for implementing the South Sumatra Independent Food Movement Program (GSMP), especially in Palembang City. This study concludes that millennial participation in the South Sumatra Independent Food Movement is relatively high and is influenced by factors such as interest, knowledge, and community involvement. Thus, further efforts are needed to increase interest, knowledge, and community involvement in this program to achieve the goals of the South Sumatra Independent Food Movement.

Analysis of Dynamic Changes and Main Obstacle Factors of Grain Supply and Demand Balance in Northwest China

It is of great significance to systematically analyze the characteristics of the regional grain supply and demand balance, reveal the influence mechanism of crop sustainable development, and put forward effective countermeasures to achieve the goal of food security. This paper aims at addressing the unique geographical characteristics of Northwest China and the current lack of research on its food security. This paper systematically analyzes the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the regional grain production, consumption and food security level. The main factors affecting regional food security are examined, and we put forward effective suggestions to promote regional sustainable production. The results show that the average annual growth rate of grain production in Northwest China from 2000 to 2021 was 3.4%, and the years of increased grain production accounted for 77.3%. The main reason for the increase in grain production was the increase in yield per unit area (average annual growth of 2.8%), of which the rice yield was the largest, up to 7.3 t/ha. Maize and wheat accounted for 60.7% and 23.4% of the total grain production in the region, respectively. From the perspective of the regional structure, Inner Mongolia contributed the most to the grain production in the region, accounting for 33.5% of the total output. Xinjiang, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai contributed 17.1%, 15.4%, 15.2%, 13.0%, 4.5% and 1.3%, respectively, to grain production. From the perspective of the dietary structure, the grain consumption pattern in Northwest China has gradually changed from raw grains to animal products, which has undoubtedly increased the regional demand for grain. At present, since the increase in output is greater than the demand for food, the food self-sufficiency rate in the region has increased from 0.81 to 1.28. Since the grain yield per unit area in Xinjiang and Ningxia has a relative advantage over other provinces, to achieve regional food security for a long time, moderately increasing the grain planting area in these two provinces will help to promote regional food security. In addition, as the grains produced in the region are mainly wheat and corn, the yield level of wheat and corn in Xinjiang and Qinghai has a comparative advantage within Northwest China. Therefore, moderately increasing the planting area of wheat and corn in Xinjiang and Qinghai is of great significance in ensuring regional food security. The research results can provide theoretical support for the realization of regional food security and provide a reference for other regions in the world, to better serve global food security.

Systematic Approach to Sustainable Development in Agricultural and Food Systems – Example of Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Arctic Zone

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to apply a systematic approach to the investigation of agricultural production features as a complex dynamic structure that functions in an unstable market environment and depends on the influence of natural changes. In this regard, this study aims to identify socio-economic, natural, and environmental factors that affect the sustainable development of agricultural sectors, as well as predict the impact of material, technological, and climatic factors on the health and stability of the entire system. The leading method for studying this problem is the method of a systematic approach, which allows investigating agricultural production as a complex dynamic structure that functions in an unstable market environment and depends on the influence of natural factors. In addition, this study involved the following research methods: the method of structural analysis, comparative, statistical, and deduction methods, classification method. The study presents the factors directly or indirectly influencing the development of northern agriculture, predicts the impact of these factors on the stability of the system, and shows possible ways to overcome the negative impact. The regional management system directly affected the level of food self-sufficiency of the Sakha Republic. To improve the current situation, it is necessary to review the mechanisms of interaction between state institutions and agricultural producers. Furthermore, there is an entire list of factors that negatively affect the functioning of the agricultural sector of Yakutia. The situation requires an immediate design of a policy for the development of rural areas through the socio-economic development of villages in the region. The research materials are of practical value for the governing bodies of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), as well as teachers and students studying the issues of sustainable development of agriculture.

Genome-wide genotyping data renew knowledge on genetic diversity of a worldwide alfalfa collection and give insights on genetic control of phenology traits.

China's and Europe's dependence on imported protein is a threat to the food self-sufficiency of these regions. It could be solved by growing more legumes, including alfalfa that is the highest protein producer under temperate climate. To create productive and high-value varieties, the use of large genetic diversity combined with genomic evaluation could improve current breeding programs. To study alfalfa diversity, we have used a set of 395 alfalfa accessions (i.e. populations), mainly from Europe, North and South America and China, with fall dormancy ranging from 3 to 7 on a scale of 11. Five breeders provided materials (617 accessions) that were compared to the 400 accessions. All accessions were genotyped using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) to obtain SNP allele frequency. These genomic data were used to describe genetic diversity and identify genetic groups. The accessions were phenotyped for phenology traits (fall dormancy and flowering date) at two locations (Lusignan in France, Novi Sad in Serbia) from 2018 to 2021. The QTL were detected by a Multi-Locus Mixed Model (mlmm). Subsequently, the quality of the genomic prediction for each trait was assessed. Cross-validation was used to assess the quality of prediction by testing GBLUP, Bayesian Ridge Regression (BRR), and Bayesian Lasso methods. A genetic structure with seven groups was found. Most of these groups were related to the geographical origin of the accessions and showed that European and American material is genetically distinct from Chinese material. Several QTL associated with fall dormancy were found and most of these were linked to genes.In our study, the infinitesimal methods showed a higher prediction quality than the Bayesian Lasso, and the genomic prediction achieved high (>0.75) predicting abilities in some cases. Our results are encouraging for alfalfa breeding by showing that it is possible to achieve high genomic prediction quality.

Enhanced food system efficiency is the key to China's 2060 carbon neutrality target.

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, among other negative-emission technologies, is required for China to achieve carbon neutrality-yet it may hinder land-based Sustainable Development Goals. Using modelling and scenario analysis, we investigate how to mitigate the potential adverse impacts on the food system of ambitious bioenergy deployment in China and its trading partners. We find that producing bioenergy domestically while sticking to the food self-sufficiency ratio redlines would lower China's daily per capita calorie intake by 8% and increase domestic food prices by 23% by 2060. Removing China's food self-sufficiency ratio restrictions could halve the domestic food dilemma but risks transferring environmental burdens to other countries, whereas halving food loss and waste, shifting to healthier diets and narrowing crop yield gaps could effectively mitigate these external effects. Our results show that simultaneously achieving carbon neutrality, food security and global sustainability requires a careful combination of these measures.

Sustainable Rice Industry in Nepal: Comparative Analysis with South Asia

Rice, a prime crop in Nepal and other South Asian nations, plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and socio-economic development. In Nepal’s agricultural sector, rice accounts for the largest share of the Agricultural Gross Domestic Product (AGDP), comprising approximately 20%. However, the absence of appropriate policies poses a significant challenge to the sustainable production of rice in Nepal. This study aims to assess the various policy dimensions of the sustainable rice industry in Nepal and compare them with the policy implications in neighboring South Asian countries such as India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The study draws on secondary sources of information for its analysis. The findings reveal that Nepal lacks a comprehensive rice policy, while its existing agriculture policy is characterized by confusion and contradictions. To attain self-sufficiency in food production, it is imperative to establish a comprehensive rice policy in Nepal and implement price subsidies on diverse inputs, as observed in neighboring countries which will ultimately contribute to enhancing the sustainability of the rice industry and promote the goal of food self-sufficiency in Nepal.

The role of short supply chains and local food systems in the concept of food sovereignty and food democracy

The article discusses the role that short supply chains (SSCs) and local food systems (LFS) play in the implementation of food sovereignty and food democracy. The question asked is whether it is justified to seek alternatives to global and industrial food systems, bearing in mind, on the one hand, their negative effects and, on the other hand, food challenges as well as the objectives and assumptions of the EU policy expressed in the “Farm to Fork” strategy. The conducted analysis has shown that SSCs and LFS play a key role in food sovereignty and food democracy, as they contribute to building sustainable and equitable food systems that provide nations with control over the way they produce, and control of the food self-sufficiency and sovereignty over food supply, social bonds, choice of alternatives to industrial products, as well as information on food and its origin.

Resilience assessment of the nitrogen flow system in food production and consumption for sustainable development on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

A robust and resilient nitrogen (N) flow system can effectively ensure consistent food production and consumption activities while preserving environmental quality. In this study, we constructed an indicator system to evaluate N flow system resilience including food production and consumption, at the county scale on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) from 1998 to 2018. The subsystem coupling coordination degree (CCD) and the effect of N losses on N flow system resilience were subsequently explored. The results indicated that despite the overall N flow system resilience remaining low and exhibiting spatiotemporal disparities from 1998 to 2018, over 90 % of the counties experienced improvements. High resilience areas (>0.15) were mainly concentrated in some counties in Sichuan Province, where N losses were positively correlated with system resilience. The level of resilience depended on agricultural and livestock development, and the CCD of subsystems was also high (>0.5) in this region, with the most balanced environmental and socioeconomic development. The low system resilience areas were concentrated in the eastern part of the QTP, where human activities caused substantial disturbances. The fragmentation of the agro-pastoral system coupled with the low system resilience of the food production and driving pressure subsystems led to low CCD between subsystems. In contrast, the western regions, characterized by a stable food production system, high food self-sufficiency, and weak dependence on external systems, showed a higher degree of system resilience and resistance. Our findings provide a reference for N resource management and policy formulation for food production and consumption in the agricultural and pastoral areas of the QTP.

Social Metabolism in Buruan SAE: Individual Rift Perspective on Urban Farming Model for Food Independence in Bandung, Indonesia

This study focused on one of the formulas for assessing social metabolism, specifically derived from individual variables. The formula was utilized as a framework for analyzing agricultural activities and combatting food vulnerability in urban communities. Bandung, the capital city of West Java in Indonesia, has implemented an urban agricultural program called Buruan SAE, using a policy formulation oriented towards food self-sufficiency for low-income citizens. This program utilized a policy formulation that involved using empty residential land owned by low-income citizens, distributing food to surrounding residents indiscriminately, and working towards anticipating nutritional vulnerability (stunting). However, the implementation had the opposite effect and pushed urban agriculture into becoming stagnant and undeveloped. This study aims to use individual rift theory as the analytic axiom to discuss the stagnation in the implementation of policy. The analysis was performed using a social monitoring method to form policy instruments that analyze Buruan SAE’s stagnation in Bandung City.

URBAN FARMING: SOLAR NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE SYSTEM

Farming in urban areas is recognized as a sustainable approach towards the provision of food, and it has increased in Malaysia over recent years. Urban farming has emerged as one approach to contribute to local food security by increasing the availability and accessibility of fresh and healthy produce. Solar Nutrient Film Technique System is a product that can overcome challenges for agriculture sector at urban area. This product objective are to reduce the cost of living, to improvement of food self-sufficiency, to minimize water usage, to create environmentally friendly product and to provide space for agriculture activities for urban area. The novelty and uniqueness of NFT are it can be grown outdoors, indoors even in small space. Furthermore, the NFT is the cultivation of plants without using soil. Vegetables are planted in inert growing media and supplied with nutrient-rich solutions, oxygen, and water by using the electric pump. The application of solar pump also can reduce the cost of electricity and save the environment. Due to challenges of life in an urban environment where the time and space for gardening are limited, the innovation idea of hydroponics system will help the people to plant their fresh produce even though in the city. It creates commercialization potential to individual or company to start on agriculture production. Hydroponic agriculture using the Solar NFT System could be an option for meeting the world's growing food demand. One of the aspects to consider is the nutritional needs of the hydroponic plant. The NFT hydroponic nutrient controlling system is designed to help farmers manage the proper amount of nourishment for their plants. To manage the amount of nutrients, this system use the linear regression method. The precision gained from the controlling system experiment is 87.84%.

Food and electricity self-sufficiency trade-offs in Reunion Island: Modelling land-use change scenarios with stakeholders

Reunion Island, a French overseas region in the Indian Ocean, has endorsed policies targeting food and electricity self-sufficiency. This objective implies balancing different land-uses (food, feed, bioelectricity, urbanisation, etc.) which we explore in a set of scenarios towards 2035. Through participatory structural analysis, we modelled drivers of change as processes using Ocelet, a spatially explicit and dynamic modelling platform. We built a detailed land-use map for our initial state and calibrated relevant processes through four scenarios ranging from “business-as-usual” to “implementation of ambitious territory planning policies”. To improve local self-sufficiency, our results support the need for large-scale land planning policies, suggesting partial sugarcane conversion into food crops, urbanisation control, farmlands expansion onto fallows and photovoltaic increase. Our context-specific approach addresses food and electricity self-sufficiency as a whole and understands its inner dynamic and spatial processes from stakeholders’ viewpoint. Moreover, our model recognizes small-scale spatial heterogeneity and contributes to mediate controversial issues related to territory foresight and land-use planning.

Future responses to environment-related food self-insufficiency, from local to global

In the coming decades, communities may become exposed to local food self-insufficiency due to climate change, land degradation and land scarcity. Rapid population growth may exacerbate this. To support mitigating policies, answers are needed to the following two research questions: (i) Where and to what extent will environment-related food self-insufficiency occur or increase over the period from 2015 to 2050 and (ii) How will local communities respond to increased food self-insufficiency? Potential responses to food self-insufficiency are agricultural expansion, agricultural intensification, import, migration, starvation and violent conflict. Answering these research questions is hampered for different reasons. A persistent debate is ongoing on whether environmentally induced food deficit may cause migration and violent conflict at all. Although a clear relationship is assumed as self-evident by many scholars and politicians, as yet no convincing evidence has been found, in contrast to the relevance of socioeconomic factors. Moreover, a lack of consistent and accurate data on local food supply and demand hampers mapping of food self-insufficiency in the present and future. In this article, we explore the difficulties to find a clear relationship between environmentally induced food deficit, migration and violent conflict, and propose and test an operational methodology that does provide preliminary answers to the research questions: the necessary conditions approach. The results are presented in maps and tables of environment-related food self-insufficiency and of plausible responses for 2015 and 2050. Over that period, local food self-insufficiency roughly doubles as well as the number of people living in conditions that favour starvation, migration and violent conflict. The increase in food self-insufficiency is mostly caused by a significant population growth on the one hand—hence the demand side—and a stagnating or even slightly declining food production on the other. In contrast, food self-sufficiency stays high and constant on the global scale.

Role Of Stakeholders In The Development Of Food From The Forests: A Case Of Gunungkidul, Indonesia

Population growth and climate change have triggered food crises in many countries. As a country with a large population with an average area of ​​agricultural land ownership of fewer than 0.25 hectares, Indonesia needs a more progressive strategy in anticipating a food crisis. Additional food production from outside agricultural land is required to meet food self-sufficiency. This study aims to map the role of stakeholders in the development of food production from forests in marginal land areas. In-depth interviews were conducted to determine each stakeholder's level of interest and influence. This paper identifies each stakeholder's relationship, the opportunities for collaboration, and the challenges faced using stakeholder analysis. The research used a case study in Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, one of Indonesia's marginal and food-insecure areas. The results showed that among the 13 identified stakeholders, the Forest Management Unit (FMU) of Yogyakarta Province and the Food Security and Extension Board (BKPP) of Yogyakarta Province are two stakeholders who act as key players, with a high level of interest and influence. The provincial government's role was dominant in developing food from the forest. Forest farmers, private forestry companies, and universities are less involved in the decision-making related to food security policies. The government at the district level also does not have sufficient budget and resources to maximize the development of food from the forest. However, the analysis results show that the potential for stakeholder collaboration is immense.

The influence of incentives, work culture, and supervision on the work ethics of agricultural extension agents in Maluku Utara Province

The aim of this study is to find a model of the direct or indirect influence of variables such as incentive, work culture, and supervision of agricultural extension agents work ethics in the framework of food self-reliance in Maluku Utara Province, Indonesia. The research model will analyze the power of the role of each variable against the improvement of the agricultural extension agents work ethics in the Maluku Utara Province, Indonesia. This research uses quantitative methods with a survey approach. This research population is an agricultural extension agent in the Maluku Utara Province. The sample in this study was a total of 196 agricultural extension agents spread across 8 counties and 2 cities in the Maluku Utara Province. The data obtained from the field is then processed through various tests required so that the next stage can perform data analysis using the technique of structural equation modeling (SEM) using the software LISREL version 8.80. The results of the research showed that all the variables that were observed in the research can be stated to have a strong role in improving the agricultural extension agents work ethics for food independence in the Maluku Utara Province, Indonesia.