Self-reported Hours Of Sleep Research Articles

Association between nighttime sleep and successful aging among older Chinese people

ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the association between sleep and successful aging among Chinese ≥60 years of age. MethodsData were collected from the baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Two self-reported questions about sleep quality and duration were examined. Successful aging was defined following Rowe and Kahn's multidimensional model. To assess the adjusted association between sleep and successful aging, multivariable logistic regression was applied. ResultsThe average number of self-reported hours of sleep was 6.2 ± 2.0 among older Chinese people. Successful aging was related to sleep duration, with the proportion of those adults considered to be aging successfully falling into the following sleep duration categories (<6 h – 7.8%; 6 h – 16.3%; 7 h – 19.1%; 8 h – 14.7%; and ≥9 h – 12.8%). The plots between sleep duration and successful aging were an inverse U-shape. Participants who slept less than 6 h per day had lower odds ratios of successful aging [odds ratio (OR) = 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40–0.67] relative to those who slept for 7 h per day. Compared with those who reported poor sleep less than once a week, older people who reported poor sleep five to seven days a week showed a lower ratio of successful aging (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.21–0.39). ConclusionOlder age, shorter or longer sleep, and poor sleep were related to lower odds of, rates of successful aging. Most older Chinese adults experience insufficient sleep and poor sleep quality, which could be an important influential factor in successful aging.

Longer self-reported sleep duration is associated with decreased performance on the montreal cognitive assessment in older adults.

Previous studies investigating the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive function in older adults have suggested that longer sleep durations are associated with decreased cognitive performance. The intent of this study is to determine if performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) is associated with self-reported sleep duration in older adults. Data from 189 cognitively normal older adults aged 75 and older (mean age 89.29±7.62) and free of severe depression were used for this analysis. Individuals were grouped based on their self-reported hours of sleep (short duration=<7, normal duration=7, >9, and long duration=≥9). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to discern group differences on the MoCA scores, while multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between MoCA and MMSE scores and sleep group. The long duration group had significantly lower MoCA scores than the normal duration group (p=0.02). The short duration group was not significantly different from the normal duration group (p=0.33). Individuals in the short duration group were more likely to have higher MoCA scores than those in long duration group after adjusting for age, gender, and presence of depressive symptoms [OR 0.86, 95% CI (0.76, 0.98), p=0.02]. The results of this study suggest that in a group of non-demented, very old subjects, self-reported sleep duration of nine or more hours is associated with decreased cognitive performance on the MoCA in older adults, even after accounting for age, gender, and presence of depressive symptoms.

Sleep duration and health correlates among university students in 26 countries

The aim of this study was to investigate sleep duration and its health correlates in university students from 26 low-, middle- and high-income countries. Using anonymous questionnaires and anthropometric measurements, data were collected from 19417 undergraduate university students (mean age 20.8, SD = 2.8) from 27 universities from 26 countries across Asia, Africa and the Americas. Results indicate that the average number of self-reported hours of sleep was 7.07 (CI = 7.04–7.09), with the prevalence of reporting ≤6, 7–8, and ≥9 h sleep duration of 39.2, 46.9, and 13.9%, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression found that sociodemographic variables, health risk behaviour and health status variables were found to be associated with short and long sleep duration.

Association between Sleep Duration and the Mini-Mental Score: The Northern Manhattan Study

Short and long sleep duration are associated with increased mortality and worse global cognitive function, but is unclear if these relations persist after accounting for the risk of sleep disordered breathing (SDB). The aim of our study is determine the association between short and long sleep duration with worse global cognitive function in a racially/ethnically diverse elderly cohort. We examined sleep hours and global cognitive function cross-sectionally within the population-based Northern Manhattan Study cohort. We conducted nonparametric and logistic regression to examine associations between continuous, short (< 6 h) and long (≥ 9 h) sleep hours with performance on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). There were 927 stroke-free participants with data on self-reported sleep hours and MMSE scores (mean age 75 ± 9 years, 61% women, 68% Hispanics). The median (interquartile range) MMSE was 28 (10-30). Sleep hours (centered at 7 h) was associated with worse MMSE (β = -0.01; SE [0.004], p = 0.0113) adjusting for demographics, vascular risk factors, medications, and risk for SDB. Reporting long sleep (≥ 9 h) compared to 6 to 8 h of sleep (reference) was significantly and inversely associated with MMSE (adjusted β = -0.06; SE [0.03], p = 0.012), while reporting short sleep was not significantly associated with MMSE performance. Long sleep duration was also associated with low MMSE score when dichotomized (adjusted OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1-5.0). In this cross-sectional analysis among an elderly community cohort, long sleep duration was associated with worse MMSE performance.

Sociodemographic and health correlates of sleep problems and duration in older adults in South Africa

Objective. To investigate sleeping problems, sleep duration and associated factors in a national probability sample of older South Africans who participated in the Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) in 2008. Methods. In 2008 I conducted a national population-based cross-sectional study with a sample of 3 840 South African individuals aged ≥50 years. A questionnaire was used to survey sociodemographic characteristics and health variables, and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were recorded. Results. Of the participants, 9.1% reported having a sleeping problem at the time of the study. The average number of self-reported hours of sleep was 8.6 (SD ±2.1), with 11.6%, 45.1%, 20.0%, and 23.5% reporting ≤6, 7 - 8, 9, and ≥10 h, respectively. In multivariable analysis, depression, cognitive impairment, lack of social cohesion, and moderate or severe activity limitations were associated with having a current sleeping problem. In terms of sociodemographic and health variables, a short sleep duration was associated with: white, Indian/Asian or coloured ethnicity; daily tobacco use; and moderate and severe activity limitations. In participants aged 60 - 79 years, lower wealth, hypertension, risky drinking and lower health-related quality of life were associated with a long sleeping duration. Conclusion. This study robustly characterised the prevalence of sleeping problems and specific associated risk factors in a large sample in South Africa. This can help to direct future healthcare efforts.

Sociodemographic and health correlates of sleep problems and duration in older adults in South Africa

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective.&lt;/strong&gt; To investigate sleeping problems, sleep duration and associated factors in a national probability sample of older South Africans who participated in the Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) in 2008.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Methods.&lt;/strong&gt; In 2008 I conducted a national population-based cross-sectional study with a sample of 3 840 South African individuals aged ≥50 years. A questionnaire was used to survey sociodemographic characteristics and health variables, and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were recorded.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Results.&lt;/strong&gt; Of the participants, 9.1% reported having a sleeping problem at the time of the study. The average number of self-reported hours of sleep was 8.6 (SD ±2.1), with 11.6%, 45.1%, 20.0%, and 23.5% reporting ≤6, 7 - 8, 9, and ≥10 h, respectively. In multivariable analysis, depression, cognitive impairment, lack of social cohesion, and moderate or severe activity limitations were associated with having a current sleeping problem. In terms of sociodemographic and health variables, a short sleep duration was associated with: white, Indian/Asian or coloured ethnicity; daily tobacco use; and moderate and severe activity limitations. In participants aged 60 - 79 years, lower wealth, hypertension, risky drinking and lower health-related quality of life were associated with a long sleeping duration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion.&lt;/strong&gt; This study robustly characterised the prevalence of sleeping problems and specific associated risk factors in a large sample in South Africa. This can help to direct future healthcare efforts.&lt;/p&gt;

Association of Sleep Duration and Hypertension Among US Adults Varies by Age and Sex

While short sleep duration has been related to hypertension, the impact of age and sex on this association is less well known. We examined the association between hours of sleep and hypertension prevalence among US adults by age and sex. The study was conducted using data from the 2007-2009 National Health Interview Surveys (NHISs). The association between self-reported hours of sleep and prevalence of hypertension was assessed after stratifying by age and sex. Among 71,455 participants, age-standardized hypertension prevalence rates (%) were 32.4, 25.5, 22.2, 23.2, 25.5, and 32.5 among adults reporting sleep of <6, 6, 7, 8, 9, and ≥10 h/day, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a "U"-shaped association of hours of sleep and hypertension prevalence among all age and sex subgroups. Logistic regression models, using 8 h sleep/day as the referent, showed a greater likelihood of hypertension among those who slept <7 or ≥10 h/day after adjusting for sociodemographic, behavior, and health characteristics. Further stratifying by age and sex, while adjusting for all other characteristics, revealed that among adults less than 45 years, short (<6 h for men and <8 h for women) and long (≥10 h for men) sleep were associated with higher likelihood of hypertension. For other age/sex groups, short sleep (<6 h) was associated with higher likelihood of hypertension among middle-aged men and older women, as was long sleep (≥10 h) among middle-aged women. This national sample study suggests that the association between hours of sleep and hypertension varies by age and sex.

The Relationship Between Self-reported Hours of Sleep, Perceptions of Tiredness and Academic Performance in a Military Training Environment

Prior research has demonstrated a relationship between a student’s amount of nightly sleep and their grades. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-reported sleep on weekdays and weekends, subjective feelings of tiredness, and academic performance among Health Care Specialist students at Ft. Sam Houston, TX. A survey was administered during the first two weeks of training and final academic performance was recorded (pass/fail status and final course average) for 153 student volunteers. Spearman rho correlations and Chisquare analyses were conducted on the ordinal data. Results indicate a positive correlation between weekday hours-of-sleep and weekend hours-of-sleep (p < .05). However, only self-reported hours of sleep on weekends was significantly correlated with academic performance (p < .05). An interpretation of findings, implications for course design, and ideas for future research are discussed.

DAILY SLEEP, WEEKLY WORKING HOURS, AND RISK OF WORK-RELATED INJURY: US NATIONAL HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY (2004–2008)

The impact on health and safety of the combination of chronic sleep deficits and extended working hours has received worldwide attention. Using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), an in-person household survey using a multistage, stratified, clustered sample design representing the US civilian, non-institutionalized population, the authors estimated the effect of total daily self-reported sleep time and weekly working hours on the risk of a work-related injury. During the survey period 2004–2008, 177,576 persons (ages 18–74) sampled within households reported that they worked at a paid job the previous week and reported their total weekly work hours. A randomly selected adult in each household (n = 75,718) was asked to report his/her usual (average) total daily sleep hours the prior week; complete responses were obtained for 74,415 (98.3%) workers. Weighted annualized work-related injury rates were then estimated across a priori defined categories of both average total daily sleep hours and weekly working hours. To account for the complex sampling design, weighted multiple logistic regression was used to independently estimate the risk of a work-related injury for categories of usual daily sleep duration and weekly working hours, controlling for important covariates and potential confounders of age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, type of pay, industry, occupation (proxy for job risk), body mass index, and the interaction between sleep duration and work hours. Based on the inclusion criteria, there were an estimated 129,950,376 workers annually at risk and 3,634,446 work-related medically treated injury episodes (overall injury rate 2.80/100 workers). Unadjusted annualized injury rates/100 workers across weekly work hours were 2.03 (≤20 h), 3.01 (20–30 h), 2.45 (31–40 h), 3.45 (40–50 h), 3.71 (50–60 h), and 4.34 (>60 h). With regards to self-reported daily sleep time, the estimated annualized injury rates/100 workers were 7.89 (<5 h sleep), 5.21 (5–5.9 h), 3.62 (6–6.9 h), 2.27 (7–7.9 h), 2.50 (8–8.9 h), 2.22 (9–9.9 h), and 4.72 (>10 h). After controlling for weekly work hours, and aforementioned covariates, significant increases in risk/1 h decrease were observed for several sleep categories. Using 7–7.9 h sleep as reference, the adjusted injury risk (odds ratio [OR] for a worker sleeping a total of <5 h/day was 2.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.57–4.47), for 5–5.9 h 1.79 (95% CI: 1.22–2.62), and for 6–6.9 h 1.40 (95% CI: 1.10–1.79). No other usual sleep duration categories were significantly different than the reference; however, for >10 h of usual daily sleep, the OR was marginally significantly elevated, 1.82 (95% CI: 0.96–3.47). These results suggest significant increases in work-related injury risk with decreasing usual daily self-reported sleep hours and increasing weekly work hours, independent of industry, occupation, type of pay, sex, age, education, and body mass (Author correspondence: david.lombardi@libertymutual.com)

Sociodemographic and Health Correlates of Sleep Quality and Duration among Very Old Chinese

To examine factors associated with self-reported sleep quality and duration among very old adults in China. Cross-sectional analysis of the 2005 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). In-home interview with older adults in 22 provinces in mainland China. A total of 15,638 individuals aged 65 and older (5,047 aged 65-79, 3870 aged 80-89, 3927 aged 90-99, and 2794 aged 100 and older, including 6688 men and 8950 women). N/A. Two self-reported sleep questions together with numerous sociodemographic and health status measures were used in this study. Sixty-five per cent of Chinese elders reported good quality of sleep. The average number of self-reported hours of sleep was 7.5 (SD 1.9), with 13.1%, 16.2%, 18.0%, 28.0%, 9.2%, and 15.5% reporting < or = 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and > or =10 hours, respectively (weighted). Multivariate analyses showed that male gender, rural residence, Han ethnicity, higher socioeconomic status, and good health conditions were positively associated with good quality of sleep. All other factors being equal, octogenarians, nonagenarians, and centenarians were more likely to have good sleep quality than the young elders aged 65-79. Elders with poorer health status or older age were more likely to have either relatively shorter (< or = 6 h) or longer (> or = 10 h) sleep duration. Married elders were more likely to have an average duration between these two values. Except for some geographic variations, associations between all other factors and sleep duration were weak compared to the effects of health. Age and health conditions are the two most important factors associated with self-reported sleep quality and duration. Good quality of sleep among long-lived old adults may have some implications for achieving healthy longevity.

Sleep duration, melatonin and breast cancer among Chinese women in Singapore

Sleep duration has been hypothesized to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk, possibly due to greater overall melatonin production in longer sleepers. However, data are inconclusive from the three studies conducted in Western populations on sleep duration and breast cancer risk. We investigated the relationship between self-reported usual sleep duration determined at baseline and subsequent risk of breast cancer in the prospective, population-based cohort of the Singapore Chinese Health Study. We excluded from the study women with <2 years of follow-up due to possible change in sleep pattern among breast cancer cases close to the time of diagnosis. Five hundred and twenty-five incident cases of breast cancer were identified among the remaining 33 528 women after up to 11 years of follow-up. Among women postmenopausal at baseline, breast cancer risk decreased with increasing sleep duration (P trend = 0.047); those who reported 9+ h of sleep showed a relative risk of 0.67 (95% confidence interval = 0.4-1.1) compared with women who reported < or =6 h of sleep. This inverse association was observed primarily in lean women [i.e. body mass index below the median value (23.2 kg/m(2))] (P = 0.024). In this study population, irrespective of gender, urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels increased with increasing self-reported hours of sleep (P trend = 0.035) after adjustment for age and time of day of urine collection. Melatonin levels were 42% higher in those with 9+ versus those with < or =6 h of sleep. Sleep duration may influence breast cancer risk, possibly via its effect on melatonin levels.

Sleep Duration and Overweight in Adolescents: Self-reported Sleep Hours Versus Time Diaries

Studies of children have found an inverse association between sleep duration and overweight on the basis of parental report of sleep duration. Studies in adolescents have been inconsistent but used varied measures of sleep. We used a nationally representative sample of adolescents that included 2 different measures of sleep duration (24-hour time diaries and self-reported usual sleep hours) to examine whether the association with overweight is sensitive to how sleep is measured in a single study population. We expected that the 2 measures of sleep would be strongly correlated and that the time-diary sleep would be more strongly associated with overweight risk because it is likely the more accurate measure of sleep. In 2001-2002, adolescents from the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics completed 24-hour time diaries on a random weekday and weekend. Adolescents also self-reported average sleep duration. Both sleep measures were categorized into quartiles. Height and weight were measured, and a BMI z score for age and gender was calculated. Overweight was defined as above the 95th percentile. The final sample included 767 male and 779 female subjects who were aged 10 to 19 years. Mean time-diary sleep was nearly 9 hours on weekdays and >10 hours on weekends. Mean self-reported sleep duration was 8 hours. Time-diary sleep and self-reported sleep were weakly correlated. Time-diary sleep was not significantly associated with overweight. Self-reported sleep was associated with overweight, but the association was not linear. When both sleep measures were included in the same model, their effects on overweight were independent. The weak correlation between self-reported sleep and time-diary sleep and the independence of their associations with overweight raise questions about what different measures of sleep duration in adolescents represent.

Sleep Impairment in Patients With Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

This study evaluated sleep impairment associated with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a neuropathic pain condition. Sleep is of critical concern for DPN because sleep impairment and its comorbidities may influence type 2 diabetes progression. This is a supplemental analysis of sleep data from a burden of illness study of patients with painful DPN (N=255, 61+/-12.8 y old, 51.4% women). Sleep was evaluated using the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep measure (MOS-Sleep). MOS-Sleep scores were compared with general population norms (N=1011), the MOS chronic disease sample (N=3445), and patients with postherpetic neuralgia (N=89). The MOS-Sleep Sleep Adequacy score was compared with data from the MOS diabetes subsample (N=590). Patients with painful DPN reported impaired sleep relative to the general population (P<0.001), the chronic disease sample (P<0.001), and postherpetic neuralgia patients (P<0.05). Self-rated MOS-Sleep Sleep Adequacy was significantly less for the painful DPN than for the diabetes sample (P<0.001), although self-reported hours of sleep were not significantly different. Multiple regression indicated that age, average daily pain, and anxiety and depression symptom levels were each significantly (P<0.01) associated with, and collectively accounted for, 47% of variance in the MOS-Sleep Sleep Problems Index. Painful DPN is associated with considerable sleep impairment. Given the recognized association between sleep impairment, type 2 diabetes and metabolic and affective disturbance, and the known adverse impact of affective disturbance on diabetes self-care, addressing these features-pain, sleep, and affective disturbance-is an important aspect of care for patients with painful DPN.

Sleep deprivation and fatigue in residency training: results of a national survey of first- and second-year residents.

To examine the relationship between residents' self-reported sleep hours, work hours, and other empirical correlates. Using the American Medical Association's Graduate Medical Education database, a national, random sample of PGY (postgraduate year) 1 and PGY2 residents in the 1998-1999 training year was surveyed by mail. Residents completed a 5-page survey with 44 questions requiring 144 separate responses about their residency experience. Completed surveys were received from 3,604 of 5,616 residents contacted, a 64.2% response rate. Although work hours and sleep hours were significantly correlated (r = -.39), this relationship was less robust than is generally assumed. Total average sleep hours varied across specialties but also within specialties. Just over 20% of all residents reported sleeping an average of 5 hours or less per night, with 66% averaging 6 hours or less per night. Residents averaging 5 or fewer hours of sleep per night were more likely to report serious accidents or injuries, conflict with other professional staff, use of alcohol, use of medications to stay awake, noticeable weight change, working in an "impaired condition," and having made significant medical errors. Reduced sleep hours were significantly related to a number of work-related, learning, and personal health variables. Capping residents' work hours is unlikely to fully address the sleep deficits and resulting impairments reported by residents.

Is hypersomnolence a feature of seasonal affective disorder?

We examined hypersomnolence as experienced among individuals meeting standardized diagnostic criteria for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Data were available from 115 individuals attending a mood disorders clinic specializing in treatment of this disorder. Three models of assessment were employed: retrospective self-reports (Seasonal Patterns Assessment Questionnaire), cross-sectional interviews (Standardized Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Scale, SAD Version), and prospective sleep diaries. Results indicated that self-reported total hours of sleep varied significantly across the seasons, with longest sleep occuring in winter and shortest sleep in summer. Seasonal sleep changes, as indicated by the SPAQ did not correlate significantly, however, with severity of depressive symptoms as indicated by the Hamilton scale. Multiple regression analyses indicated that only social activity levels (one of seven SPAQ items) was significantly and uniquely related to the severity of depression. When data obtained by the three instruments were compared, self-reported hours of sleep (whether measured by SPAQ or Hamilton interview) were significantly higher than indicated by prospective sleep diaries. We conclude that hypersomnolence may not be a central feature of SAD and that the validity of the SPAQ as an index of this disorder requires further investigation.