Self-reported Recall Research Articles

Psychometric Evaluation of the Scleroderma Skin Questionnaire: A Novel Patient Reported Outcome for Skin Disease in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis.

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Scleroderma Skin Questionnaire (SSQ), a novel patient-reported outcome (PRO) to assess systemic sclerosis (SSc) related skin symptoms. The SSQ was administered to 799 adults (mean age 52.7; 82% female) enrolled in the SSc Collaborative National Quality and Efficacy Registry (CONQUER). Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω total (ωt). The correlation of the SSQ was assessed with the modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS), Physician Global Assessment (PGA), Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29 (PROMIS-29), and Patient Global Assessment to assess criterion, convergent, and divergent validity. Correlations were also assessed between patients' self-reported recall of skin changes over the past six months ("SSQ 6-Month") and six-month change in mRSS. Cronbach's α was 0.90 and ωt was 0.92, indicating high internal consistency. The SSQ was moderately correlated with mRSS (r=0.56), with stronger correlations in diffuse (r=0.54) versus limited subtypes (r=0.24; all p<0.05). The SSQ was also moderately-to-strongly correlated with PROMIS-29 physical (r=-0.50) and pain interference subscales (r=0.61), strongly with SHAQ's HAQ score (r=0.63) and severity subscale (r=0.62), and moderately with PGA's scleroderma activity score (r=0.48; all p<0.05). SSQ 6-Month correlated weakly with the six-month change in mRSS (r=0.26; p<0.05). SSQ demonstrated high reliability and moderate correlation with mRSS and legacy PROs. This study provides initial support for SSQ but not SSQ 6-Month to assess skin symptoms in patients with SSc.

The Impact of Modern Technology on Photographic Memory: Evidence from African Rural University

This study investigates the impact of modern technology on photographic memory among university students at African Rural University, focusing on how digital tools influence memory retention and recall. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative memory assessments with qualitative interviews and surveys to explore students’ experiences and perceptions. Findings indicate a complex relationship where extensive technology use—particularly smartphones correlate with diminished self-reported memory confidence and recall capabilities. Despite acknowledging that technology may hinder their innate memory abilities, students often rely on these tools for academic success. Visual and auditory memory tests revealed that many participants struggled with detailed recall, reinforcing concerns about cognitive overload. The study concludes that while technology offers organizational benefits, it may simultaneously impair natural memory functions, highlighting the need for balanced technology integration in educational practices. Recommendations include training on memory strategies, practice sessions, and promoting active recall techniques to enhance memory retention amidst technological reliance. Future research should explore the long-term effects of technology use on memory development.

The Validity of Impressions as a Media Dose Metric in a Tobacco Public Education Campaign Evaluation: Observational Study.

Evaluation research increasingly needs alternatives to target or gross rating points to comprehensively measure total exposure to modern multichannel public education campaigns that use multiple channels, including TV, radio, digital video, and paid social media, among others. Ratings data typically only capture delivery of broadcast media (TV and radio) and excludes other channels. Studies are needed to validate objective cross-channel metrics such as impressions against self-reported exposure to campaign messages. This study aimed to examine whether higher a volume of total media campaign impressions is predictive of individual-level self-reported campaign exposure in California. We analyzed over 3 years of advertisement impressions from the California Tobacco Prevention Program's statewide tobacco education campaigns from August 2019 through December 2022. Impressions data varied across designated market areas (DMAs) and across time. These data were merged to individual respondents from 45 waves of panel survey data of Californians aged 18-55 years (N=151,649). Impressions were merged to respondents based on respondents' DMAs and time of survey completion. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds of respondents' campaign recall as a function of cumulative and past 3-month impressions delivered to each respondent's DMA. Cumulative impressions were positively and significantly associated with recall of each of the Flavors Hook Kids (odds ratio [OR] 1.15, P<.001), Dark Balloons and Apartment (OR 1.20, P<.001), We Are Not Profit (OR 1.36, P<.001), Tell Your Story (E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use Associated Lung Injury; OR 1.06, P<.05), and Thrown Away and Little Big Lies (OR 1.05, P<.01) campaigns. Impressions delivered in the past 3 months were associated with recall of the Flavors Hook Kids (OR 1.13, P<.001), Dark Balloons and Apartment (OR 1.08, P<.001), We Are Not Profit (OR 1.14, P<.001), and Thrown Away and Little Big Lies (OR 1.04, P<.001) campaigns. Past 3-month impressions were not significantly associated with Tell Your Story campaign recall. Overall, magnitudes of these associations were greater for cumulative impressions. We visualize recall based on postestimation predicted values from our multivariate logistic regression models. Variation in cumulative impressions for California Tobacco Prevention Program's long-term multichannel tobacco education campaign is predictive of increased self-reported campaign recall, suggesting that impressions may be a valid proxy for potential campaign exposure. The use of impressions for purposes of evaluating public education campaigns may help address current methodological limitations arising from the fragmented nature of modern multichannel media campaigns.

Cigar-Specific Health Warnings: Attention, Recall, and Perceived Effectiveness Among Young Adult Users and Non-Users.

Young adults ages 18-24 in Columbus, Ohio, were recruited into an eye-tracking experiment examining cigarillo packaging between May 2022 and February 2023. Participants (n = 124) were shown 12 unique, branded cigarillo packages featuring a rotation of four of the Food and Drug Administration's mandated health warnings: (1) Cigar smoking can cause lung cancer and heart disease ("disease"); (2) tobacco smoke increases the risk of lung cancer and heart disease, even in nonsmokers ("nonsmokers"); (3) cigar smoking can cause cancers of the mouth and throat, even if you do not inhale ("inhale"); and (4) cigars are not a safe alternative to cigarettes ("alternative"). Software captured visual attention to each product package, including the health warning. Participants also ranked the most effective message to motivate people to quit; one week later, the participants (n = 118) self-reported unaided recall of the experiment. Study participants were an average of 21.2 years old, 54.2% were female, 73.7% were White, 65.3% had some college education, and 26.3% reported tobacco use in the previous month. The health warning, "Cigar smoking can cause cancers of the mouth and throat, even if you do not inhale" was ranked the most effective cigar warning (41.5%) and drew the greatest proportion of visual attention (26.1%). More than half (52.5%) recalled details regarding the health warning messages one week following the experiment, with few recalling (17.7%) specific warning message themes. Understanding the best performing health warnings is a crucial strategy to share accurate information on the risks of tobacco use. Our findings suggest that the warning on cancer risk even without inhaling drew the greatest visual attention and highest rating of perceived effectiveness among this sample of young adult cigarillo users and non-users.

Performance variables and nutritional status analysis from Moroccan professional and adolescent football players during the competition period: a descriptive study.

Nutrition plays an integral role in optimizing football players' performance during training sessions and matches and maintaining their overall health throughout the season. This study aimed to evaluate how well the dietary practices of professional and adolescent football players in Morocco during the competitive period met international macronutrient recommendations, and to explore the relationship between their nutritional status and aerobic performance, as measured by the Yo-Yo IRL1 test. A total of 277 footballers from Morocco's professional league, "Botola-Pro", were monitored over a seven-day (training microcycle) during the competitive period. The dietary intake was assessed through self-reported methods and 24-hour recalls. Relevant body composition was measured with bioelectrical impedance (BI), and aerobic performance was evaluated using the Yo-Yo IR test. The results indicated significant variations in performance and nutritional status across different categories and age groups. The nutritional status of the players didn't match the UEFA recommendations (p < 0.001). We found that higher intake levels of carbohydrates and proteins were positively correlated with the total distance covered by the players (p < 0.001, r = 0.63, R2 = 0.4 for carbohydrates; p < 0.001, r = 0.59, R2 = 0.35 for proteins). Conversely, a higher proportion of energy derived from fats in the diet was negatively correlated with the distance covered (p < 0.001, r = -0.64, R2 = 0.41). These findings suggest that optimizing carbohydrates and protein intake while managing fat consumption is crucial for enhancing sporting performance. This information is essential for tailoring training programs and nutritional regimens based on the competition level.

Feasibility and assessment of self-reported dietary recalls among newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis: a quasi-experimental pilot study.

Individuals who are newly diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) may choose not to undergo disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) due to concerns about expenses or potential adverse effects. Thus, many individuals will opt for alternative therapies, such as dietary modifications. Among these dietary approaches, the modified Paleolithic elimination diet has shown promise for improving MS-related symptoms; however, restriction of certain food groups can lead to inadequate intake of nutrients. Three-day self-reported 24-h dietary recalls using the Automated Self-Administered 24-h (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool were assessed during a 12-month quasi-experimental (i.e., non-randomized) trial among individuals who either voluntarily declined DMTs and received health behavior (HB) intervention, (n = 29) or included DMTs and opted for the standard of care (SOC; n = 15). Participants in the HB group received a multimodal intervention that included dietary modifications, a walking program, and breathing exercises. Usual intake of each micronutrient was estimated and then evaluated with the estimated average requirement (EAR)-cut point method. At 12 months, >80% of both HB and SOC groups completed 3 days of the self-reported 24-h recalls, indicating the potential feasibility of ASA24. From baseline to 12 months, the HB group had a decreased mean ratio in total grains (0.64; 95% CI 0.43-0.93; p = 0.02) and added sugars (0.52; 95% CI 0.35-0.75; p ≤ 0.001), and an increased mean ratio intake of cured meats (1.74; 95% CI 1.05-2.90; p = 0.04); whereas, the SOC group had a decreased mean ratio intake for beef, veal, pork, lamb, and game meat (0.60; 95% CI 0.40-0.90; p = 0.01). At baseline, both groups had high proportions with inadequate intake of vitamin E and calcium. The SOC group also had a high proportion with inadequate intake of vitamin D. By 12-months, the HB group exhibited severe proportions of nutrient inadequacies (>20% of the group) for vitamin D (43.5%), vitamin E (29.1%), calcium (69.9%), and copper (27.8%). The SOC group, following their own diet, had inadequacies for all the same micronutrients, except for copper, as the HB group. The SOC group also had additional inadequacies: vitamin A (21.3%), thiamin (26.3%), riboflavin (24.2%), folate (24.8%), vitamin B12 (27.8%), and zinc (28.2%). Compared to the usual diet, adhering to the modified Paleolithic elimination diet, as a component of a 12-month multimodal intervention, may lead to reduced consumption of specific food groups, such as added sugars, as well as decreased risk of severe proportions of inadequacy for certain nutrients. The utilization of the ASA24 for acquiring dietary recalls from participants with MS may be feasible for future studies. clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04009005.

Physical activity combined with tea consumption could further reduce all-cause and cancer-specific mortality

The study aimed to comprehensively assess the separate and combined effects of physical activity (PA) and tea consumption on all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality among 21,350 participants from The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2009 and 2018. PA and tea consumption were evaluated through self-reported questionnaires and dietary recall interviews at baseline, with mortality data from the National Death Index. Cox regression analyses yielded hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results indicated that both tea consumption and PA independently reduced all-cause mortality. In the physically active group, tea consumption further decreased mortality risk, while this effect was not significant in the inactive group. Jointly, the highest tea consumers who exercised the most exhibited the lowest mortality risk compared to non-tea drinkers who exercised the least. Tea consumption alone does not significantly impact cancer-specific mortality; it is only in physically active group that tea consumption significantly lowers the risk of cancer-specific mortality. These findings underscore the potential benefits of regular tea consumption and PA in promoting longevity and reducing premature death risks.

Feasibility of ecological momentary assessment in measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviour in shift and non-shift workers

BackgroundPrevious studies assessing shift workers’ behaviours have mainly used self-report recall questionnaires, however these measures don’t always account for variations in work schedules. Alternative methods that allow for real-time assessments tailored to capture variations in work patterns might provide more accurate measures of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), which provides real-time evaluations of PA and SB in shift workers. A secondary aim was to compare shift workers and non-shift worker responses.MethodsParticipants (n = 120; 58% female, mean Mage=36.0), included 69 shift workers and 51 non-shift workers. After downloading the EMA app, shift workers received either interval-contingent tailored (SW-T) or standardized EMA prompts (SW-S) over 7–10 days, while non-shift workers received standardized prompts (NSW-S) for seven days. Prompts were scheduled five times daily, every three hours. The EMA survey asked participants to report their current activity, including type, duration, and location of physical activity and sitting. Feasibility was assessed by analysing recruitment, retention, and compliance rates (EMA surveys completed) across SW-T, SW-S, and NSW-S groups.ResultsApproximately 78% of invited workers enrolled, and all enrolled workers completed at least one prompt on 4 out 7 days in the NSW-S and 7 out of 10 days in the SW group. Workers who chose not to participate reported unwillingness to travel for meetings (n = 14), while others did not respond (n = 20). Participants completed an average of 24 surveys per day, each one taking less than 30 s to complete. Overall, 64% of EMA surveys were started and completed. SW-S completed the least prompts (57%), while SW-T and NSW-S completed 64% and 68%, respectively (p = 0.90). On average, workers missed 36% EMA surveys which was similar for SW and NSW (p = 0.05).ConclusionOur study represents one of the few studies that has used EMA in the shift work population with adaptation to shift schedules. The findings showed a modest compliance to EMA. Strategies are needed to enhance compliance rates. However, EMA shows promise for capturing real-time behaviours in shift workers’ natural work environments.

Do Iranian Female Dancers Face a Risk of Chronic Negative Energy Balance? A Study on Energy Intake and Expenditure Among Non-professional Female Dancers

Background: Female dancers are at risk of negative energy balance and its adverse effects. However, there is no evidence regarding the energy balance of Iranian female dancers in the literature. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of 25 female nonprofessional dancers, dietary intake was assessed using self-reported food diaries and recall interviews on three different days: One dance day, one workday without dance, and one weekend day without dance. Nutrient intake was analyzed and converted into protein, carbohydrate, and fat components, and subsequently into energy equivalents. Total energy expenditure was calculated based on physical activity measurements taken on dance, work, and rest days. The average daily energy intake and expenditure over a 7-day period were then compared. Results: Significant daily energy deficiency was observed based on the average over 7 days (- 772.7 kcal +/- 450 kcal, P-value &lt; 0.05). Dancers consumed less protein and carbohydrates and more fat than the recommended daily values (P-value &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: It appears that Iranian female dancers suffer from negative energy balance and nutritional malpractice. This may be related to underlying eating disorders or perceptions of body image, as well as inadequate nutritional knowledge. Consulting experienced sports nutritionists and other necessary specialists is recommended.

Indigenous peoples’ health: Culturally grounded evidence from the Baka, Southeastern Cameroon

Indigenous Peoples are exposed to the impacts of the climatic, ecological and socioeconomic changes, yet there is a need for a better understanding of their health and higher involvement of Indigenous Peoples in health promotion design and implementation. Our study brings empirical data on the healthcare system of the Baka, forager-horticulturalists from Cameroon. Using a mixed methods approach, we explored the health issues they encounter, the emic determinants of health and healthcare system, and the different threats towards their healthcare system. We conducted focus group discussions, interviews with experts, and self-reported health recalls with 302 individuals living in two settlements from southeastern Cameroon during two fieldwork periods between June and November 2022. Our insights highlight the prevalence of respiratory and children's digestive issues, and the occurrence of illnesses implying a combination of symptoms that would deserve further Western biomedical attention. The Baka's healthcare relies on medicinal plants, knowledge experts, and on the social cohesion of the community, all largely affected by the local social-ecological impacts of global change. Exposure to the market and health facilities does not seem to relate to Baka's health state and practices but might affect their perception of health. Deforestation, poor water quality, and alcohol (ab)use were reported and observed threats to the Baka's health and healthcare system. Our work supplies empirical evidence for a better understanding of Baka's health and healthcare system, helpful in designing health prevention and policies adapted to their reality and culture. Further research and interventions on health should consider the current threats to Baka's local ecosystems and cultural knowledge. These insights contribute to a higher recognition of the Baka's, and most broadly, the Indigenous Peoples' emic perspective on health, and on culturally grounded indicators of the resilience of their healthcare system to current and future challenges.

Association between low-carbohydrate-diet score, glycemia and cardiovascular risk factors in adults with type 1 diabetes

Background and aimsLow-carbohydrate-diets (LCDs) are gaining popularity in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the impact of such diets on glycemia and cardiovascular risk factors is debated. This study aims to evaluate associations between low-carbohydrate intakes using LCD score with glycemia and cardiovascular risk factors (lipid profile) in adults with T1D or LADA in Québec, Canada. Methods and resultsThis is a cross-sectional study using data collected in the BETTER registry (02/2019 and 04/2021) including self-reported 24-h dietary recalls to calculate LCD scores, waist circumference, level-2 and level-3 hypoglycemic episodes and measured biochemical data (HbA1c, LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol). Participants were divided into quartiles (Q) based on LCD scores. Two hundred eighty-five adults (aged 48.2 ± 15.0 years; T1D duration 25.9 ± 16.2 years) were included. Categorical variables underwent Chi-squared/Fisher's Exact tests, while continuous variables underwent ANOVA tests. Mean carbohydrate intake ranged from 31.2 ± 6.9% (Q1) to 56.5 ± 6.8% (Q4) of total daily energy. Compared to Q4, more people in Q1 reported HbA1c ≤ 7% [≤53.0 mmol/mol] (Q1: 53.4% vs. Q4: 29.4%; P = 0.011). The same results were found in the models adjusted for age, sex and T1D duration. A greater proportion of participants in Q1 never experienced level-3 hypoglycemia compared to Q3 (Q1: 60.0% vs. Q3: 31.0%; P = 0.004). There were no differences across quartiles for frequency of level-2 hypoglycemia events and lipid profile (LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol). ConclusionsLow-carbohydrate intakes are associated with higher probabilities of reaching HbA1c target and of never having experienced level-3 hypoglycemia. No associations with level-2 hypoglycemia frequency, nor cardiovascular risk factors were observed.

Comparative analysis of diets in Sioux Falls: Influence of sociodemographic characteristics, alignment to US national diet and healthy diet

Continuous examination of diets and factors that influence dietary patterns is vital to improve diet quality. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the average diet of adults in the Sioux Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area (SFMSA), USA, examining sociodemographic differences in dietary intake and compare the average diet in the SFMSA (SF Diet) to the U.S. national average and USDA healthy dietary guidelines. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted and 127 individuals were surveyed from August 2020 to August 2021. Dietary intake was assessed using the self-reported single 24-h dietary recall method and sociodemographic questions. Main effects and first order interactions of participant sociodemographic characteristics were considered. Main findings show that men had higher intake of meat, poultry, and eggs (p < 0.05) and alcohol, particularly older men (p < 0.05), than women. Higher alcohol intake was found for participants with lower levels of income and education (p < 0.01). The intake of fish and seafood was higher for older adults with a high level of income (p < 0.01). Differences were found between the SF diet and the national average but both followed a similar trend (e.g., low in fruits and vegetables and high in solid fats) and did not meet dietary guidelines, particularly for nutrient-dense foods. The intake of total vegetables (p < 0.001) and dark green vegetables (p < 0.001) was higher in the SF Diet and the national average was higher in total grains (p < 0.05), refined grains (p < 0.01), oils and fats (p < 0.001), solid fats (p < 0.001), and added sugar (p < 0.001). By not meeting the dietary guidelines, the findings of this study raise public health concerns.

Accuracy in reporting incontinence in adults with spina bifida: A pilot study

The accuracy of self-reported urinary incontinence (UI) and fecal incontinence (FI) among adults with spina bifida (SB) is unknown. We aimed to quantify the accuracy of self-reported recall incontinence in the last 4 weeks using prospective diary data. Adults with SB were enrolled via patient advocacy groups in a larger 30-day smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment study of daily well-being and incontinence. We examined agreement between yes/no questions on exit questionnaires ("In the last 4 weeks, did you leak any urine and get your underwear, pads, pull-ups or disposable underwear wet?") and 30-day diaries. Collected data included a non-validated 4-item UI Negativity scale (UIN: 0-100, 0=no impact). Inter-rater reliability was assessed with Cohen's kappa (>0.60=substantial). FI was analyzed similarly. Sub-groups were too small for statistical analysis. Median age of 88 adults was 35 years old (70% female, 53% shunted, 71% community ambulators). Among 81 adults reporting UI in the last month, 79 (98%) had diary-documented UI (UI agreement), 2 (2%) did not (Summary Table). Among 7 adults reporting no UI in the last month, 5 (71%) did not record UI in their diaries (agreement in no UI), 2 (29%) did. Both adults reporting no UI on exit questionnaires, despite contrary diary data, experienced single UI episodes (negativity: 0 and 6). In contrast, the UI agreement group recorded UI on median 18 days (median negativity: 22). Sensitivity of the recall UI question was 0.98 (specificity 0.71, kappa 0.69). Among 66 adults reporting FI in the last month, 65 (98%) had diary-documented FI (FI agreement), 1 (2%) did not. Among 22 adults reporting no FI in the last month, 17 (77%) did not record FI in their diaries (agreement in no FI), 5 (23%) did. Five adults reporting no FI on exit questionnaires, despite contrary diary data, experienced a median single episode (median negativity: 8). In contrast, the FI agreement group recorded FI on median 5 days (median negativity: 31). Sensitivity of the recall FI question was 0.93 (specificity 0.94, kappa 0.81). Results were unchanged when analyzing the first and last 28 days of data. Sensitivity/specificity of single incontinence questions approach those reported for women with UI but without SB. Diaries may best serve SB adults with bothersome incontinence. Self-reported incontinence accurately and reliably captures UI and FI among adults with SB. It may minimize less bothersome incontinence, supporting its use in screening for clinical practice and research.

Adequate fruit and vegetable consumption and its association with overnutrition among primary school-aged children

Overnutrition among school-aged children increases substantially over the last decade. Among the direct causes of overweight/obesity is inadequate intake of fruit and vegetable. Prior studies have shown that fruit and vegetable (FV) is not merely the main source of vitamins andminerals, but also playing role on preventing weight gain through satiety regulation. This study aims to determine the association of FV consumption adequacy among 5-12 years schoolers and their overnutrition status. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jakarta and Depok, carried out on 57 children who filled out an online questionnaire survey. Respondents’ characteristics were obtained through the self-administered online questionnaire. BMI for age z-score (BAZ) was calculated from the self-reported recall of body weight and height. The FV consumption was evaluated using the WHO STEP-wise questionnaire. Respondent’s characteristics were presented in frequency and percentage, while association test was done using Fisher Exact test (CI 95%). In this study, 40,4% of children were overweight and most children did not consume adequate portions of fruit and vegetable (73,7% and 57,9%, respectively). There are no significant association between FV consumption and children’s overnutrition (p= 0,171 and p= 0,788, respectively; CI 95%). Overall, a high proportion of children overnutrition was observed. However, there is no significant association was found between fruit and vegetable consumption and children’s overnutrition. There is a need for specific regulations and practices that may engage children in consuming fruit and vegetable on the daily basis.

Comparing the web-based and traditional self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data in the PakNutriStudy

BackgroundThe flaws in dietary assessment methods can generate misleading information and thus may impact on the interventions planned based on that information. Context specific digitalization of dietary assessment tools is a potential way forward to reduce biases and resources involved in data handling. MethodsTwo versions of Twenty-Four Hour Recall (24HR) (traditional [24HR Ver-01] and digital [24HR Ver-02]) were tested for data agreement and feasibility by gathering cross sectional paired data on both the versions from 102 participants (18–25 years age). The web based 24HR was setup using the system of Intake24 (New Castle University) with incorporation of South Asian food data base for beverages. ResultsThe data sets obtained from 24HR Ver-01 and 24HR Ver-02 on beverage consumption (food items as well as portion sizes) were compared for agreement. The highest percentage of agreement of food item reporting between 24HR Ver-01 and 24HR Ver-01 was during the lunch time. The average kappa value (κ =0.375833) for all the meals indicated a fair agreement betweenVer-01 and 24HR Ver-02 The correlation of portion sizes reported using 24HR Ver-01 and 24 HR Ver-02 was statisticallysignificant for morning snack, lunch and dinner (r = 0.465; r = 0.324; r = 0.407 respectively). According to Bland Altman plot, least agreement between the two versions was found in the portion sizes reported for morning snacks. Data collectors found 24 HR Ver-02 easier in terms of data processing but it was regarded time taking and less convenient by the participants. ConclusionThe Intake 24 (digital version of 24HR) can be a preferred tool of data collection as the data collected through it may reach fairly good levels of accuracy. Future directions for research like conducting a follow up study with cross over design, expanding the study using food items other than beverages, and testing the digital dietary assessment tool against an objective gold standard of dietary intake can be helpful in reaching more conclusive evidence.

1714-P: Higher Initial Diet Quality Predicts Shorter Weight Loss Period prior to an Involuntary Weight Loss Plateau

It is currently unknown what factor(s) may promote entry into a weight loss plateau. Given intensive lifestyle interventions (ILI) for weight loss include changes in diet, we evaluated how diet quality impacts characteristics of a weight loss plateau. Daily weights were obtained remotely via electronic scale from 62 adults with obesity (73% female, mean age 42±11 y and BMI 37±5 kg/m2) undergoing a 24-week ILI. Periods (≥14 d) of active weight loss or plateau were identified by threshold regression modeling. Active weight loss was defined as a per day % weight change from baseline equivalent to ≥0.5 lb loss/wk and a weight loss plateau as ±0.25lbs/wk after a period of active weight loss (in which ≥3.5% weight loss was achieved). Three unannounced self-reported ASA24 dietary recalls were obtained at baseline and 3 mo. Diet quality was assessed by the healthy eating index (HEI)-2015. 53% reached a plateau after active weight loss (27% did not achieve &amp;gt;3.5% weight loss, 19% re-gained directly after loss). Weight loss (i.e., plateau depth) was associated with longer time to plateau (β=–10d, P&amp;lt;0.01). Higher baseline diet quality (total HEI) was associated with shorter time to plateau (β=–2.6d, P=0.03), but not overall depth of plateau (β=0.1%, P=0.28). Specifically, shorter time to plateau was related to lower baseline consumption of saturated fats (β=–15d, P=0.01) and greater plateau depth was related to lower baseline consumption of added sugars (β=1.3%, P=0.04). Mean diet quality improved minimally during ILI (ΔHEI 1.9±2.2). Lower baseline HEI correlated with greater improvement in diet quality at 3 mo (β=–0.5, P&amp;lt;0.001, N=46), but ΔHEI did not associate with any plateau characteristics (time: β=1.1d, P=0.15; depth: β=–0.1%, P=0.16, N=25). Higher diet quality upon entry into an ILI predicted a shorter duration of weight loss prior to reaching a plateau, suggesting that individuals with healthy eating patterns may derive less sustained weight loss benefit from participation in an ILI. Disclosure S.J.Melhorn: None. L.E.Sewaybricker: None. H.Gao: None. M.De leon: None. M.Webb: None. M.Lyle: None. S.J.Beatty: None. M.Kratz: Other Relationship; Nourished by Science LLC. E.Schur: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (DK089036, DK1176223, K24HL144917); University of Washington (NORC, DK035816)

Infant and young child feeding practices and associated socioeconomic and demographic factors among children aged 6-23 months in Ghana: Findings from Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 2017-2018.

Association between poor infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and malnutrition in infants and young children (IYC) is well established. Furthermore, appropriate IYCF practices are important during the first 1,000 days of life to ensure optimal health and development. Understanding IYCF practices and associated socioeconomic and demographic factors will inform interventions to achieve the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target to end malnutrition in all forms. This study estimates the prevalence of Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD), Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF), and Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD), and examines their association with socioeconomic and demographic characteristics among children aged 6-23 months in Ghana. We used data from the Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 6 (GMICS6) conducted in 2017-18. Participants were recruited through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. Information on caregiver's self-reported breastfeeding status and 24-hour dietary recall of foods IYC were fed with were collected through face-to-face interviews. We estimated the prevalence of MDD, MMF and MAD with a 95% confidence interval (CI). We investigated the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of MDD, MMF and MAD using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Among 2,585 IYC aged 6-23 months, MDD, MMF and MAD were estimated as 25.46%, 32.82% and 11.72% respectively. Age of the IYC, educational status of the mothers/primary caregivers, and resident regions were found to have positive associations with MDD, MMF and MAD. In addition, the richest household wealth index and urban area of residence were found to have significant positive associations with MDD. We report a low prevalence of MDD, MMF and MAD. Efforts to improve IYCF practices among children aged 6-23 months in Ghana should focus on multi-sectorial approaches including increasing access to formal education, income-generating activities and addressing regional and rural-urban inequity.

A Review of Household Food Waste Generation during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted the quantity and composition of household food waste generation in parallel with recent changes to food behaviors. A literature review was undertaken to determine the state of household food wasting during pandemic circumstances. Forty-one articles that reported on household food waste generation during COVID-19 were identified. Most of these studies relied on self-reported recall of food wasting behavior (n = 35), primarily collected through surveys. The average total amount of household food waste generated during COVID-19 was 0.91 kg per capita per week. Average avoidable food waste generation was 0.40 kg per capita per week and average unavoidable food waste generation was 0.51 kg per capita per week. Fruit and vegetables were the most wasted types of food. Only five studies reported statistically significant changes (actual or perceived) to household food waste generation during COVID-19. These results indicate a possible decrease in total, perceived food waste generation during pandemic circumstances, with a possible increase in the actual generation of unavoidable food waste. Further research is needed to adequately determine the impact of the pandemic on household food waste generation, as the findings summarized in this review vary substantially and statistically significant results are limited.

Changes in Body Mass, Physical Activity, and Dietary Intake during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns in Canadian University Students.

This study examined changes in body mass and body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and dietary intake in Canadian university students during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two self-reported recall surveys were conducted: after the first lockdown in September 2020 (T1) and following the second lockdown in March 2021 (T2). Eligible participants were full-time undergraduate students attending a Canadian university and residing in Canada during the first year of the pandemic. At T1, 510 students (99 male, 411 female) completed the survey, and of those, 135 (32 males, 103 females) completed the survey at T2 (73% attrition). At both T1 and T2, most participants were 18-24 years of age (93% and 90%, respectively), Caucasian (73% and 78%, respectively), and resided in the province of Ontario (79% and 80%, respectively). Body mass increased from T1 to T2 (+0.91 ± 3.89 kg t(132) = -2.7, p = 0.008). BMI also increased from T1 to T2 (+0.30 ± 1.33 kg/m2 [t(130) = -2.5, p = 0.012), with a greater number of participants within the overweight range (19.8% versus 24.4%, respectively). At T1, 38% of the participants reported a decrease in physical activity, while the number of students reporting a decrease in activity increased to 56% at T2. Dietary energy intake decreased from 1678 ± 958 kcal/day at T1 to 1565 ± 842 kcal/day at T2 [c2(1) = 7.2, p = 0.007]. Diet quality also decreased, with participants not meeting the recommended daily allowance for essential macro and micronutrients. A decrease was observed in daily servings of fruits (-27%, p < 0.001), vegetables (-72%, p < 0.001), and grains (-68%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, despite a small decrease in dietary energy intake, a modest weight gain occurred during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in this cohort of Canadian university students, which was potentially related to decreased physical activity and diet quality.

Nutritional Knowledge and Calorie Intake Among University Athlete with Risk of Female Athlete Triad

Female Athlete Triad (FAT) has always been a concern to competitive female athletes as it affects female athletes in terms of their sport performance and importantly, their overall health. In Malaysia, there is a limited of studies regarding FAT. This cross-sectional study was aim to assess the risk of developing FAT in female university athletes and its relationship with their sport nutritional knowledge and calorie intake. In total of 44 female athletes from public universities in Malaysia completed self-reported questionnaires and diet recall. Almost half of the female athletes (40.9%) were at risk of developing FAT. There was no difference in sport nutritional knowledge between female athletes who are at risk and not at risk of FAT. However, it was observed that those who were at risk consumed significantly lower daily calorie intake than those who were not at risk (p&lt;0.05). Participants who were at risk also sustained significantly higher time-loss injury during the last year (p&lt;0.001). In summary, the results showed that most of the female university athlete were at risk of developing FAT and appropriate intervention is needed in order to reduce the risk of FAT as it will lead to sports injury and impact their sports performance.