Self-reported Physical Activity Research Articles

A Retrospective Study Examining Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels Among Asthma Patients Using the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Database.

Regular physical activity benefits respiratory health by reducing the risk of developing asthma. This is achieved by reducing bronchial hyperresponsiveness and preventing lung function decline. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of self-reported physical activity among asthma patients in the United States in 2021, based on demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare access variables. The original research study was conducted using the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) database for the year 2021. Data regarding asthma status, physical activity, age, gender, race, education level, income level, employment status, and time since the last routine check-up were collected. In the BRFSS study conducted in the USA in 2021, there were 43,6121 participants in total. Of these, 61,362 (14.07%) had asthma and 374,759 (85.93%) did not; 43,678 (71.2%) participants with asthma were engaging in physical activity while 17,684 (28.8%) were not. In the group of participants who did not have the disease, 285,932 (76.3%) were engaging in physical activity and 88,827 (23.7%) were not. Demographically, the highest physical activity among those with asthma was observed in the age group of 18 to 24 years (4,079, 83%), male participants (17,725, 76.4%), and white non-Hispanics (31,964, 72.5%). Higher physical activity levels among asthma patients were associated with advanced education 31,947 (76.5%), employment 23,233 (79.8%), and annual incomes exceeding $150,000, 4,091 (89.9%). Participants who self-reported not having asthma have a higher prevalence of physical activity in all categories studied. There is a significant association between physical activity and self-reported asthma, shaped by demographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as the frequency of routine medical check-ups.

Predictive Utility of the Multi-Process Action Control Framework for Self-Reported and Device-Measured Physical Activity Behavior of Adolescents.

Understanding the correlates of physical activity behavior is imperative for informing the development of interventions to address the low rates of physical activity guideline adherence among adolescents living in the United States. This cross-sectional study examined the predictive utility of the Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) framework for explaining self-reported and device-measured physical activity behavior among a Hispanic-majority sample of adolescents. A total of 1849 high school students (mean age = 16.0 ± 1.22 SD years; 52.3% women; 87.8% Hispanic) enrolled in one school district in south-central Texas completed a survey including instruments to assess M-PAC framework constructs (instrumental and affective attitudes, perceived capability and opportunity, behavioral regulation, habit, identity) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) behavior. A subsample (n = 435) wore accelerometers for seven days. The results from robust linear regression models revealed role identity and habit were significant predictors of self-reported MVPA. Role identity was a significant predictor of accelerometer-derived daily MVPA and raw acceleration in the most active hour but not daily raw acceleration. The findings indicated reflexive processes are robust predictors of adolescent physical activity and should be the focus of interventions designed to promote adoption and maintenance of physical activity during this developmental life stage.

Self-reported physical activity properties and 20-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among community-dwelling older adults.

Physical activity was previously associated with decreased mortality. Current guidelines recommend >150min/week or >75min/week of moderate or high-intensity exercise to maintain a healthy lifestyle; however, exercise properties most strongly associated with low mortality among the elderly may still be explored. A total of 1210 community-dwelling older adults, from the third phase (1999-2004) of the Israel Study on Glucose Intolerance, Obesity, and Hypertension, were followed until 2016 and 2019 for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, respectively. Physical activity properties were recorded and evaluated against all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Mean age at baseline was 73 ± 7years, with 638 (53%) females, and 585 (48%) reported habitual exercise. When compared to sedentary individuals, multivariable Cox regressions showed a significantly lower risk for all-cause mortality among currently active individuals [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59-0.88, P = .002], those engaging in light-moderate activity (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57-0.89, P = .003), those with diverse exercise types (HR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.44-0.80, P = .001), more sessions/week (HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92-0.97, P < .001), those meeting current exercise recommendations (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.58-0.89, P = .03), those who engaged in walking (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.45-0.76, P < .001), and swimming (HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45-0.96, P = .03). Similar HRs were found for cardiovascular mortality, although a somewhat stronger protective association was observed for swimming (HR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.24-0.95, P = .04) compared to a sedentary lifestyle. The study further supports current exercise guidelines among the elderly. It also underscores the importance of physical activity in older individuals while prioritizing a greater number of sessions/week in addition to the total duration, and highlights specific activity features associated with lower long-term mortality among older adults. Key message • What is already known on this topic - Physical activity was associated with a lower risk for mortality, although the specific properties and the preferred type of exercise among older adults are still debatable. • What this study adds - The study suggests the optimal activity characteristics in older adults while prioritizing activity sessions over time, light-moderate exercise over strenuous activity, diverse activity, and walking and swimming over other activities. • How this study might affect research, practice or policy - Future exercise guidelines should focus on increasing activity sessions throughout the week and not on the cumulative time to maximize the effect on mortality.

A longitudinal health promotion program for autistic children and their caregivers: Impact of an urban community-based program.

Autistic children, as well as their primary caregivers (e.g., parents), experience greater health disparities when compared with the general population. Despite this reality, there has been relatively little priority placed on promoting positive trajectories of health in either of these underserved populations. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the impact of participation in a 12-month, longitudinal health promotion program designed for both autistic children and their parent. A total of 27 families participated in the intervention, including 29 autistic children (83% male, M = 8.28 ± 3.60 years) and 27 parents (93% female, M = 40.04 ± 7.95). Families attended in-person health promotion programming for 90 min per week. Children and parents were evaluated at four time points across the program, including baseline (0-months), 4-months, 8-months, and 12-months. Children were measured on fundamental motor competence, physical fitness, body composition, and proxy-reported physical activity. Parents were measured on body composition, physical fitness, and self-reported physical activity. Significant improvements were observed for autistic children in motor competence (p < 0.001) and grip strength (p = 0.006), and for parents in body mass index (p = 0.004) and aerobic capacity (p = 0.003) across the 12-month intervention. Differing trajectories of improvement were noted between urban- and suburban-dwelling families on multiple outcomes. The knowledge acquired from this research may offer initial support for the need to bolster opportunities for accessible and ongoing health promotion programs for both autistic children and their parents.

Types of Social Support Predicting Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Group Exercise Programs for Adults Living with Cancer

ABSTRACT Social support (SS) and physical activity (PA) can improve quality of life (QoL) in cancer, meaning group PA programs are important for rehabilitation. However, there are many types of SS, and few studies have compared which SS concepts are more strongly associated with PA and QoL. This exploratory cross-sectional study examined the association between several types of SS provided by other people in group exercise oncology classes and PA and QoL among adults living with cancer. It was hypothesized all types of SS would be positively associated with PA and QoL. Participants (N = 72) completed a questionnaire assessing 11 SS predictors, five QoL outcomes, and one self-reported PA outcome, and wore a Fitbit to assess step count for 1 week. Hypotheses were tested using multiple regression. Reassurance of worth support predicted self-reported moderate-to-vigorous PA (R 2 = .07, p = .03). Relatedness thwarting negatively predicted general (R 2 = .07, p = .03) and social well-being (R 2 = .10, p = .01). Social network predicted physical well-being (R 2 = .07, F(1, 66) = 4.93, p = .03). There were no significant SS predictors of the other outcomes. Group exercise oncology programs should train instructors to promote reassurance of worth by recognizing or facilitating other participants to recognize participants’ PA competence and skills, encourage developing social relationships by creating opportunities to connect over time, and minimize relatedness thwarting by promoting belonging and inclusion. Future research should compare different types of SS in larger samples and diverse populations of adults living with cancer.

The concurrent validity of the physical activity vital sign and online physical activity logbook in adolescents with autism

Background and aimsThere is an urgent need for valid assessment tools to assess physical activity (PA) levels in adolescents with autism. This study examines the concurrent validity of the Physical Activity Vital Sign (PAVS) and Online Physical Activity Logbook (OPAL) with accelerometry in adolescents with autism. A secondary aim was to explore the association and agreement between self-perceived and objectively measured PA intensity levels. MethodsForty-five adolescents with autism (71% males, Mdn = 14.0 (IQR = 13.0–15.5) years) completed the PAVS and OPAL and wore a wGT3X-BT ActiGraph accelerometer twice for seven consecutive days. Concurrent validity was assessed with Spearman correlations (ρ) and Wilcoxon Signed Rank/Paired Sample T-tests. ResultsA poor association was found between the PAVS and accelerometry (ρ = .37). The PAVS overestimated moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) levels [Mdn = 152.1 min (IQR = 76.8–283.9), p < .001]. Poor associations (ρ = −.06 up to −.45) were observed between the OPAL and accelerometry for time spent in sedentary behavior (SB), light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA) and MVPA. No significant mean and median differences were found for SB and VPA between the two methods respectively. A moderate association was found between self-perceived (OPAL) and objectively measured (accelerometry) VPA (ρ = .60) and MVPA (ρ = .51), while those for LPA and MPA were poor (ρ < .50). No significant median differences were found between self-perceived and objectively measured VPA. ConclusionClinicians and researchers should be very cautious in using the PAVS to assess MVPA levels in adolescents with autism, while the utility of the OPAL, in its current form, is questionable. Adolescents with autism may estimate PA at a vigorous intensity accurately. Future research should further focus on examining the psychometric properties of self-report PA instruments, as well as the ability of adolescents with autism to accurately estimate the intensity of performed PA's.

Culturally Adapted Lifestyle Intervention for South Asian Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors

South Asian adults in the US experience excess cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with other racial and ethnic groups. The effectiveness and reach of guideline-recommended lifestyle interventions have not been evaluated in this population. To evaluate whether a culturally adapted, group lifestyle intervention will improve CVD risk factors more effectively than written health education materials among US South Asian adults. This single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted from March 6, 2018, to February 11, 2023 at community sites in the Chicago, Illinois, metropolitan area. South Asian adults aged 18 to 65 years who were overweight or obese, had no history of CVD events, and had at least 1 additional CVD risk factor (hypertension, dyslipidemia, prediabetes, or diabetes) were eligible for inclusion. A 16-week, culturally adapted, group-based lifestyle intervention led by community health coaches. Lifestyle modification counseling was delivered in English, Gujarati, Hindi, and Urdu. Participants tracked their diet and physical activity (PA) and received 4 optional group maintenance sessions between months 5 and 11 of follow-up. The intervention was delivered in person prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and via videoconference starting in March 2020. The control group received written health education materials, delivered monthly. Primary outcomes were the between-group differences in CVD risk factor changes from baseline to 12 months, including weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and total cholesterol, estimated using multivariate mixed-effects regression models. Secondary outcomes were self-reported diet quality, PA, and self-efficacy, estimated using univariate mixed-effects regression models. Among 549 randomized participants, 318 (57.9%) were women, and mean (SD) participant age was 49.2 (9.5) years. Mean differences in CVD risk factor changes from baseline to 12 months in the intervention vs control group were calculated for weight (mean difference, -0.07 kg; 95% CI, -0.55 to 0.42), SBP (mean difference, 0.47 mm Hg; 95% CI, -1.85 to 2.79), DBP (mean difference, 0.44 mm Hg; 95% CI, -1.06 to 1.95), cholesterol (mean difference, -2.47 mg/dL; 95% CI, -8.51 to 3.57), and HbA1c (mean difference, -0.07%; 95% CI -0.20% to 0.07%). Intervention participation was associated with greater improvements in dietary quality, PA, and self-efficacy than control. In the SAHELI randomized clinical trial, a culturally adapted, group lifestyle intervention was not more effective than written health education materials for CVD risk factor reduction among US South Asian adults, but the intervention was associated with small improvements in self-reported health behaviors. Effective CVD prevention interventions for this elevated-risk population require further investigation. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03336255.

Self-reported physical activity and fatigue and its associations to anxiety and depression in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a MIHRA psychological impact and MIHRA exercise and rehabilitation scientific working groups collaboration.

To evaluate self-reported physical activity (PA) levels as well as the relationship between PA, anxiety, depression, quality of life, pain, fatigue, disease activity, and organ damage in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). All adult patients registered at the rheumatology clinic at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden (2019-2022) were eligible to participate. Questionnaires measuring anxiety, depression (HADS), and PA (IPAQ) were provided during yearly check-up or by mail, due to reduced in-person visits amid the Covid-19 pandemic. Additional data was obtained from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Registry. Of 488 invited patients, 336 agreed to participate, and 246 completed the questionnaires. Median (range) age was 64 (20-88) years, median disease duration five (0.3-61) years and two-thirds were women. Notably, 82% reported moderate/high level of PA. Probable anxiety and depression were experienced by 25% and 14%, respectively. The findings indicated a potential protective effect of PA against depression (OR 0.23, CI 0.06-0.95). Conversely, patients who were physically inactive had poorer mental health, reduced muscle function, increased organ damage, and fatigue. Fatigue demonstrated a progressive link to heightened risks of anxiety (2%, 2-4%) or depression (3%, 1-6%). Most patients with IIM reported being physically active. The study highlights the potential influence of PA on mental health and its role in mitigating risks associated with depression and fatigue among IIM-patients. It also underscores the importance of patient-reported outcomes, and their role in understanding and improving healthcare interventions. Further research is needed to uncover causes and confirm these associations.

Disparities in adherence to physical activity guidelines among US adults: A population-based study.

The objective of this study was to determine adherence to national guidelines for aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity among United States (US) adults and identify factors associated with guideline nonadherence. The 2022 National Health Interview Survey data were analyzed to evaluate self-reported physical activity among 26,494 US adults. Adherence to national guidelines was defined as engaging in ≥150 minutes moderate-intensity or ≥75 minutes vigorous-intensity aerobic activity/week, and muscle-strengthening activity ≥2 days/week. A multivariable logistic regression model evaluated associations between 24 sociodemographic and health variables with nonadherence to physical activity guidelines. Shapley Additive Explanations were used to assess the relative importance of each factor in the model. The population-weighted analysis revealed that only 24.3% of US adults met both the aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity guidelines. The regression model identified 17 factors significantly associated with nonadherence. When evaluating the relative importance of these variables, older age, lower educational attainment, and lower household income emerged as the primary determinants of nonadherence. Guideline adherence was lowest among subgroups with multiple risk factors, with only 6.5% of older adults with lower income and education meeting the guidelines. In contrast, adherence was 42.7% in younger respondents with higher incomes and educational attainment. In conclusion, physical activity rates among US adults remain below public health targets, with significant disparities among sociodemographic groups. Expanded outreach efforts targeting higher-risk populations are urgently needed to address barriers, promote physical activity engagement, and achieve health equity.

Determination of SRPA and adiposity measures and its association with glycemic status in type 2 diabetics having high mean HbA1c in a private clinic of a city in west India.

Indian type 2 diabetics (T2D) is known for poor disease control on which self-reported physical activity (SRPA) and optimum body composition have positive impact. We determined prevalence of SRPA and general/visceral obesity and its impact on HbA1c-based glycemia. By a cross-sectional study conducted on 200 T2Ds in a private clinic, HbA1c-based glycemic status, WHO questionnaire-based SRPA, BMI-based general obesity, and bipolar bioelectrical impedance-based visceral obesity were evaluated. SRPA and obesity were compared and associated with glycaemic status keeping mean HbA1c as cutoff. Mean age, male%, mean duration of T2D, mean BMI, mean HbA1c, and SRPA prevalence were 54 years, 42.5%, 4.82 years, 25.49, 8.69%, and 61.5%, respectively. Comparison of groups based on either SRPA or BMI (cutoff 25) showed better HbA1c with the presence of SRPA and BMI <25. Physical inactivity imposed odds risk of 3.44 for visceral fat (VF) ≥10% and odds risk of 2.6 for more than mean HbA1c with statistical significances. VF ≥10% imposed odds risk of 4 for higher than mean HbA1c. Physical inactivity and visceral obesity together imposed ⅓rd prevalence of better glycaemic value, while physical activity and controlled visceral obesity yielded ¾th prevalence of good glycaemic value. In T2D with poor glycaemic status and moderately prevalent physical activity, we found strongly significant association of SRPA and controlled body adiposity with HbA1c-based glycaemic status. It reaffirms physical activity and control of central obesity as forerunners of better glycaemic status and calls for further studies having vertical follow-up.

Impact of Hypertension on the Dose-Response Association Between Physical Activity and Stroke: A Cohort Study.

Regular physical activity is associated with a reduced stroke risk. However, this relationship might be attenuated in the presence of hypertension and antihypertensive medication use. We examined the dose-response relationship between physical activity and stroke in normotensive and hypertensive individuals. A Dutch population-based cohort including 139 930 individuals (41% men; mean age, 44±13) was performed (median follow-up, 6.75 years). Participants were stratified at baseline as hypertensive (44%) or normotensive (56%) and categorized into quartiles of the lowest (Q1) to the highest (Q4) moderate-to-vigorous, self-reported physical activity. The primary outcome was incident stroke (fatal and nonfatal). Cox regression estimated hazard ratios and 95% CIs. The main analyses were stratified on baseline blood pressure and adjusted for confounders. Hypertensives were stratified into medicated (21%) or non-medicated (79%). Compared with Q1, adjusted hazard ratios were 0.87 (0.69-1.10; P=0.23), 0.75 (0.59-0.95; P=0.02), and 0.94 (0.74-1.20; P=0.64) for Q2 to Q4, respectively in the total population. Hazard ratios for normotensives were 0.79 (0.50-1.25; P=0.32), 0.75 (0.48-1.18; P=0.22), 0.97 (0.62-1.51; P=0.90) for Q2 to Q4, respectively. In hypertensives, hazard ratios were 0.89 (0.68-1.17; P=0.41), 0.74 (0.56-0.98; P=0.03), 0.92 (0.69-1.23; P=0.56) for Q2 to Q4, respectively. There was no significant interaction between hypertension status for the relation between physical activity and stroke risk. The stratified analysis revealed a smaller benefit of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in medicated hypertensives compared with nonmedicated hypertensives, but no significant interaction effect was found. Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is beneficial for stroke risk reduction (Q3 compared with Q1), which is not affected by hypertension. Antihypertensive medication may be associated with a smaller benefit of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on the risk of stroke, but further research is warranted.

224 Longitudinal associations between flexibility, motor competence, and self-reported physical activity during adolescence

224 Longitudinal associations between flexibility, motor competence, and self-reported physical activity during adolescence

Personal and Social Correlates of Self-Reported Physical Activity in Individuals With a History of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Physical activity is negatively impacted after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and subsequent reconstruction. Previous evidence suggests that individuals with a history of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) may experience additional barriers to sport and physical activity participation. The purpose of this study was to identify personal and social factors (physical literacy, social support, and knee function) that are predictive of self-reported physical activity in individuals with a history of ACLR. Bivariate analyses determined that elements of physical literacy and knee function were positively correlated with self-reported physical activity. The final stepwise linear regression model demonstrated that the PLAYself Physical Literacy Self-description subsection accounted for 12.2% of the variance of self-reported physical activity (p = .003). The significant effect of the PLAYself Physical Literacy Self-description remained (p = .002) even when additional demographic covariates (age, time since ACLR, and sex) were added to the model. Findings suggest that physical literacy may be a salient factor to consider for promoting physical activity after ACLR.

O86 EFFECTIVENESS OF A MHEALTH (MOBILE-BASED) INTERVENTION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) is the leading cause of preventable death and disability, accounting for 18.6 million deaths and 393 million DALYs in 2019. The effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth) interventions for managing CVD in South Asia is poorly documented. This systematic review evaluates the impact of mHealth on cardiovascular health outcomes in this region. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus, covering the period from January 2000 to December 2023. Our search focused on studies employing mobile-based interventions, such as apps, SMS, video conferencing, or phone calls, to improve cardiovascular outcomes, including blood pressure, medication adherence, and physical activity. Data were synthesised using a random-effects meta-analysis, estimating summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022340907). Results: We identified 1483 studies, of which 14 met our inclusion criteria, encompassing 30,939 participants (17,240 intervention; 14,984 control). Participants ages ranged from 46.4 to 60.6 years. Six studies reported improvement in systolic blood pressure (SBP), one reported improvement in cholesterol, two reported change in self-reported physical activity, and three reported improvement in medical adherence. Meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) by -2.32 (95% CI: -4.25 to -0.40; P=0.02) in the intervention arm. No significant changes were observed in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) or medication adherence, with DBP showing a reduction of -1.13 (95% CI: -1.69 to 1.42; P=0.87) and medication adherence an effect size of 0.44 (95% CI: -0.06 to 0.94; P=0.08). Conclusions: mHealth interventions in South Asia show promise in reducing SBP among individuals with CVD, though effects on DBP and medication adherence are less pronounced. The observed benefits are constrained by high heterogeneity and a limited number of studies, indicating the need for further research to consolidate these findings and explore additional CVD outcomes.

Breast cancer risk and prevention in 2024: An overview from the Breast Cancer UK - Breast Cancer Prevention Conference.

The Breast Cancer UK-Breast Cancer Prevention Conference addressed risk from environmental pollutants and health behaviour-related breast-cancer risk. Epidemiological studies examining individual chemicals and breast cancer risk have produced inconclusive results including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) Bisphenol A, per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances as well as aluminium. However, laboratory studies have shown that multiple EDCs, can work together to exhibit effects, even when combined at levels that alone are ineffective. The TEXB-α/β assay measures total estrogenic load, and studies have provided evidence of a link between multiple-chemical exposures and breast cancer. However, prospective studies using TEXB-α/β are needed to establish a causative link. There is also a need to assess real-life exposure to environmental-chemical mixtures during pregnancy, and their potential involvement in programming adverse foetal health outcomes in later life. Higher rates of breast cancer have occurred alongside increases in potentially-modifiable risk factors such as obesity. Increasing body-mass index is associated with increased risk of developing postmenopausal breast cancer, but with decreased risk of premenopausal breast cancer. In contrast, lower rates of breast cancer in Asian compared to Western populations have been linked to soya/isoflavone consumption. Risk is decreased by breastfeeding, which is in addition to the decrease in risk observed for each birth and a young first-birth. Risk is lower in those with higher levels of self-reported physical activity. Current evidence suggests breast-cancer survivors should also avoid weight gain, be physically active, and eat a healthy diet for overall health. A broad scientific perspective on breast cancer risk requires focus on both environmental exposure to chemicals and health behaviour-related risk. Research into chemical exposure needs to focus on chemical mixtures and prospective epidemiological studies in order to test the effects on breast cancer risk. Behaviour-related research needs to focus on implementation as well as deeper understanding of the mechanisms of cancer prevention.

The joint associations of physical activity and ultra-processed food consumption with depression: A cohort study in the UK Biobank

BackgroundDespite substantial evidence regarding independent associations between physical activity (PA) and ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption with depression, the joint effects of these two factors remain unknown. MethodsThis study included 99,126 participants without depression in the UK Biobank at baseline. A 24-h recall method was used to assess UPF consumption, and self-reported total physical activity (TPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and vigorous physical activity (VPA) were assessed by metabolic equivalent task (MET). A series of Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to explore the independent and joint effects of TPA, MVPA, VPA and UPF consumption on depression. ResultsThe incidence rate of depression was 1.94 % [95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.80 %–2.10 %] per 1000 person-years after an average follow-up of 12.10 years. We found that MVPA and UPF consumption had additive interactions on depression risk (p < 0.05). Participants in Q1 of TPA and Q4 of UPF consumption (HR: 1.83, 95%CI: 1.45–2.31) showed a higher risk for depression than those in Q4 of TPA and Q1 of UPF consumption. Compared with the participants with WHO guideline-recommended MVPA and the lowest UPF consumption, those below recommended MVPA (HR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.20–1.89) or above recommended MVPA (HR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.10–1.78) and with the highest UPF consumption had a higher risk for depression. LimitationsStudy limitations include use of self-reported data, observational study and concerns regarding generalizability. ConclusionHigher UPF consumption, accompanied by lower PA levels regardless of TPA, MVPA, and VPA, is associated with a higher risk of depression. Our study offers insights on public health priorities to decrease the risk of depression in the population by addressing both PA and UPF consumption together.

Reliability and Validity of the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire Health Contribution Score in its Use with Adults with ADHD.

As Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may have an unknown influence on the self-reports of physical activity of adults with ADHD and there is a need for high quality self-report assessments of this kind, we examined the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire-Health Contributions Score (GLTEQ-HCS) in its use with 35 adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (26 females, 9 males; Mage = 28.7, SD = 6.3 years). Participants completed the GLTEQ twice and wore an ActiGraph GT9X-accelerometer for seven-days. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) determined test-retest reliability, and we determined construct validity based on correlations between the GLTEQ-HCS and minutes/day of sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), as well as differences in SB, LPA, and MVPA among the three GLTEQ-HCS subgroups. The GLTEQ-HCS had excellent test-retest reliability [ICC = 0.98, 0.95 to 0.99], and it was positively correlated with MVPA (r = 0.47, p = .006; rs = 0.52, p = .002). There was a significant and large difference in minutes/day of device-measured MVPA between the three GLTEQ-HCS groups [F (2,32) = 7.30, p = .003, η2 = 0.33]. These results provide psychometric support for using the GLTEQ-HCS with adults who have been diagnosed with ADHD.

“I believe it will not get worse”: A mixed-methods longitudinal study about patient's perspective of recently developed patellofemoral pain

ObjectivesThis study aimed to: (i) understand how women perceived their recently developed patellofemoral pain (PFP) regarding its cause, prognosis, and willingness to seek treatment; (ii) investigate self-reported function, knee-related quality of life (QoL), fear of movement, and physical activity level at the onset of PFP. DesignMixed-methods longitudinal study. SettingUniversity. ParticipantsSixty-eight pain-free women were followed up over one year. Main outcome measuresThose who developed PFP were interviewed within one month of the development of symptoms. Self-reported function, kinesiophobia, knee-related QoL, and physical activity were obtained at baseline and follow-up assessments. ResultsTwenty-one women developed PFP. Most participants reported believing the increase in physical activity and/or sitting time was associated with the onset of PFP. Many reported believing symptoms would improve over time without any treatment. Only a small number of participants intended to seek care. Quantitatively, decreases in self-reported function and QoL, as well as increases in the physical activity level were observed after PFP development. ConclusionAlthough decreases in self-reported function and QoL were observed, women reported believing their PFP is self-limiting and do not need treatment. Strategies to accurately disseminate knowledge about PFP are needed to help stimulating early care.

Outcomes of a Day Wellness Program for People With Multiple Sclerosis Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The John A. Schafer, MD Multiple Sclerosis Achievement Center (MSAC) conducts wellness programs that include exercise, cognitive stimulation, education, emotional support, and socialization for people with multiple sclerosis and their care partners. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are collected annually. Four-year outcomes encompass the COVID-19 pandemic when some of these programs were offered virtually. Beginning in 2017, baseline data were collected for 110 MSAC day wellness program participants through PRO measures. Of those 110, 52 completed PROs annually through 2021. Outcome measures included the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29); Multiple Sclerosis Self-Efficacy Scale (MSSE-10); Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ); and the Neurology Quality of Life domains of Anxiety, Depression, Emotional and Behavioral Dysregulation, Positive Affect, Cognition, Ability to Participate in and Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities, and Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities. Analysis using t tests compared baseline with 4-year data. A separate analysis compared outcomes collected in January 2020 and January 2021. Analysis of 4-year data demonstrated statistically significant improvement in MSIS-29 and GLTEQ. Statistically significant improvements noted at years 2 and 3 in the Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities were no longer significant at year 4. Other notable changes included significant decreases in MSSE at year 4 when compared with baseline and year 3. Individuals who participated in a weekly, structured day wellness program showed improvements in self-reported disease impact and physical activity at year 4 vs baseline. Decreases in self-efficacy and social domains were seen, corresponding with disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Further analysis is needed to understand the effects of the pandemic on program participants.

Associations of Park Use with Physical Activity in Renovated Parks Serving Low-Income Communities in New York City: Insights from the Community Parks Initiative.

Parks have the potential to encourage physical activity among urban communities. However, existing research on the link between park use and physical activity has produced inconsistent results. Mixed findings in the past may be due in part to differences in park quality across studies. The aim of this study was to explore the association between park use and physical activity among New York City adults in low-income communities that recently received city-sponsored park renovation as part of the Community Parks Initiative (CPI). Using population-weighted survey data from eight neighborhoods with recent park renovation (n = 2,000), we measured associations between park use frequency (≥ once/week vs. < once/week) and self-reported physical activity (high vs. low-moderate based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire). We adjusted models for age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, income, study site, and use of other (non-CPI) parks, and conducted stratified analysis for demographic variables with significant interactions with park use. After adjusting for covariates, we observed a positive association between park use and physical activity (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.16-1.46). Greater frequency of park use was more strongly associated with high physical activity among adults ≤ 50 y (PR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.14-1.69), individuals with annual household income < $25,000 (PR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.13-2.08), and Latinos (PR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.44-2.18). Our findings suggest that high-quality parks might be particularly beneficial for promoting physical activity among those with a lower socioeconomic background and in younger and Latino adults, emphasizing the importance of continued investment in park revitalization among urban communities of color.