Self-report Measures Of Stress Research Articles

Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Stress among the Community-based Urban Pediatric Population in Korea.

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the impact of exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and stress among the community-based urban pediatric population in Korea.MethodsIn 2017, the analysis was conducted on 3,937 children and adolescents in an urban area in Korea based on the impact of actual traumatic experience, addiction, and mental health. The respondents were excluded if they were missing data on the survey, resulting in a final sample size of 3,556. The collected data were analyzed by applying cross-sectional and correlation analyses.ResultsAmong the respondents in the study group (mean age = 13.77), 43.1% were boys (n = 1,532) and 56.9% were girls (n = 2,024). Overall, 23.5% (n = 835) reported at least one ACE and 1.8% (n = 63) reported experiencing four or more ACEs. Emotional abuse (13.2%) was the most commonly reported ACE, followed by abandonment (7.7%) and physical abuse (7.5%). Self-reported measures of stress were associated with the ACE scores.ConclusionThis is the first study of self-reported ACEs from a community-based pediatric population in Korea. We found that the number of the students revealed more than one ACEs was similar to the data in the US community study with self-reporting among the community samples and exposure to adverse experiences is highly correlated with various stress responses.

Applying the Stress Process Model to Stress-Burnout and Stress-Depression Relationships in Biomedical Doctoral Students: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

Although doctoral students in the biomedical sciences have been recognized as a population at particular risk for mental health problems such as burnout and depression, little research has been conducted to identify candidate targets for intervention. To this end, we used the stress process model to evaluate potential mediators of stress–burnout and stress–depression relationships in biomedical doctoral students. A cross-sectional sample (n = 69) completed validated self-report measures of stress; symptoms of burnout and depression; and perceptions of mastery, social support, and advisor support. In linear regression models, we found that academic stressors were most predictive of burnout, whereas family/monetary stressors were most predictive of depression. In mediation models, we found that the relationship between stress and burnout was partially mediated by mastery and advisor support, while the stress–depression relationship was partially mediated by mastery. These findings represent a first step in identifying interventional targets to improve mental health in this at-risk population. Whereas certain stressors are inherent to the doctoral training environment, psychosocial interventions to enhance one’s sense of mastery and/or to improve advisor relationships may mitigate the influence of such stressors on burnout and depression.

Association between distress and knowledge among parents of autistic children.

Understanding the overall utility of biological testing for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is essential for the development and integration of biomarkers into routine care. One measure related to the overall utility of biological testing is the knowledge that a person has about the condition he/she suffers from. However, a major gap towards understanding the role of knowledge in overall utility is the absence of studies that have assessed knowledge of autism along with its predictors within a representative sample of families within the context of routine care. The objective of this study was to measure knowledge of ASD among families within the routine care pathway for biological testing in ASD by examining the association between knowledge with potential correlates of knowledge namely sociodemographic factors, parental stress and distress, and time since diagnosis among parents whose child with ASD is undergoing clinical genetic testing. Parents of a child diagnosed with ASD (n = 85, Mage = 39.0, SD = 7.7) participating in an ongoing prospective genomics study completed the ASD Quiz prior to undergoing genetic testing for clinical and research purposes. Parents also completed self-reported measures of stress and distress. Parent stress and distress was each independently correlated with knowledge of ASD, rs ≥ 0.26, ps < 0.05. Stepwise regression analysis revealed a significant model accounting for 7.8% of the variance in knowledge, F (1, 82) = 8.02, p = 0.006. The only factor significantly associated with knowledge was parental distress, β = 0.30, p = 0.006. Parental stress, time since diagnosis, and sociodemographic factors were not significant predictors in this model. We concluded that families require tailored support prior to undergoing genetic testing to address either knowledge gaps or high distress. Ongoing appraisal of the testing process among families of diverse backgrounds is essential in offering optimal care for families undergoing genetic testing.

A pilot randomized controlled trial of a gratitude intervention for adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.

Cost-effective psychosocial interventions that can feasibly be implemented into busy clinical settings are needed to improve psychological and physical health outcomes in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. We examined the efficacy of a gratitude journalling intervention to improve psychological well-being and glycaemic control in adolescents aged 10-16 years with Type 1 diabetes. Eighty adolescents were randomized to the 8-week gratitude intervention (N=40) or standard care (N=40). Self-reported measures of stress, quality of life, self-care, depression and gratitude were assessed at baseline and 8weeks after baseline. Glycaemic control (HbA1c ) was assessed at baseline and 12 weeks after baseline. A per-protocol analysis was conducted with the adolescents who completed all questionnaires (N=60). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine differences between treatment arms at follow-up adjusting for baseline scores. There was no evidence of any between-group differences in the psychological or behavioural measures at follow-up (all P-values > 0.05). Glycaemic control slightly increased in the control group while remaining stable in the gratitude group, with a between-group difference of 6.1mmol/mol [95% confidence interval (CI) -2.6 to 14.7; 0.6%, 95% CI -0.2 to 1.3] at 12 weeks after baseline. After adjusting for baseline HbA1c , this between-group difference was significant (P=0.048). This is the first randomized trial of a gratitude journalling intervention for adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Gratitude journalling interventions represent a clinically usable approach. If and how it helps to stabilise glycaemic control in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes remains to be confirmed in future research.

Individual Differences in the Association Between Subjective Stress and Heart Rate Are Related to Psychological and Physical Well-Being

The physiological response to stress is intertwined with, but distinct from, the subjective feeling of stress, although both systems must work in concert to enable adaptive responses. We investigated 1,065 participants from the Midlife in the United States 2 study who completed a self-report battery and a stress-induction procedure while physiological and self-report measures of stress were recorded. Individual differences in the association between heart rate and self-reported stress were analyzed in relation to measures that reflect psychological well-being (self-report measures of well-being, anxiety, depression), denial coping, and physical well-being (proinflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein). The within-participants association between heart rate and self-reported stress was significantly related to higher psychological well-being, fewer depressive symptoms, lower trait anxiety, less use of denial coping, and lower levels of proinflammatory biomarkers. Our results highlight the importance of studying individual differences in coherence between physiological measures and subjective mental states in relation to well-being.

Brain Marker Links Stress and Nicotine Abstinence.

Subjective stress is a well-documented predictor of early smoking relapse, yet our understanding of stress and tobacco use is limited by reliance on self-reported measures of stress. We utilized a validated functional neuroimaging paradigm to examine whether stress exposure during early abstinence alters objective measures of brain function. Seventy-five participants underwent blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST) on two occasions: once during smoking satiety and once following biochemically confirmed 24-hour abstinence (order counterbalanced). The primary outcome measure was brain response during stress (vs. control) blocks of the MIST, assessed using whole-brain analysis corrected for multiple comparisons using clusters determined by Z ≥ 3.1. Abstinence (vs. satiety) was associated with significantly increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, a brain region associated with inhibitory control. Abstinence-induced change in brain response to stress was positively associated with change in self-reported stress. This study provides objective evidence that the brain response to stress is altered during the first 24 hours of a quit attempt compared to smoking satiety. These results point to the potential value of inoculating smokers with stress management training prior to a quit attempt.

Does higher-than-usual stress predict nonsuicidal self-injury? Evidence from two prospective studies in adolescent and emerging adult females.

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is highly prevalent among adolescent and emerging adult females. Most studies examining the relationship between stress and NSSI largely have relied on aggregate self-report measures of stress and between-person models. Using data from two prospective samples, this manuscript tests the hypothesis that within-person models of NSSI provide better clinical markers of risk for NSSI than between-person models of NSSI. Two samples (Sample 1: 220 high-risk girls, M age=14.68, SD=1.36, baseline assessment and 3-month follow-ups for 18months; Sample 2: 40 emerging adult females with a history of NSSI, M age=21.55, SD=2.14, 14days with daily retrospective reports) were followed prospectively and completed validated measures of stress and NSSI. Models were adjusted for age and depression. In Sample 1, a within-person model demonstrated that higher-than-usual (but not average) stress levels predicted NSSI within the same 3-month wave. In Sample 2, results from a within-person model with daily diary assessment data showed that higher-than-usual stress (but not average daily stress) predicted same-day NSSI. Together, our results suggest that higher-than-usual stress, relative to one's typical stress level, but not average stress levels, signals times of enhanced risk for NSSI. These results highlight the clinical utility of repeated assessments of stress.

Mindfulness Practice and Stress Following Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: Examining Within-Person and Between-Person Associations with Latent Curve Modeling

Past studies have documented links between mindfulness practice and stress-related outcomes, but these links have typically been found over the course of treatment and at the between-person level of analysis. Building on past work, the present study aimed to evaluate practice-stress associations after treatment and at the within-person and between-person levels. We drew extant data collected from 138 community-recruited adults who had received a standard, 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course and were asked to record formal and informal mindfulness practice time daily and complete a self-report measure of stress every 2 months over a 6-month follow-up period. Latent curve modeling was used to test the within-person and between-person components of the relation between practice and stress over the follow-up period. Results indicated that, at the within-person level, formal practice time from 2 to 4 months after treatment significantly predicted stress levels 4 months after treatment, and formal and informal practice time from 4 to 6 months after treatment significantly predicted stress levels 6 month after treatment. At the between-person level, formal and informal practice times were not significantly related to stress levels over the follow-up period. Overall, the present findings highlight the potential importance of post-intervention practice and suggest that higher practice engagement 2 to 6 months after MBSR training predicts lower levels of subsequent stress. Results are discussed in the context of mindfulness theory and MBSR training curriculum.

Examining reactivity patterns in burnout and other indicators of chronic stress

IntroductionBurnout symptomatology is associated with various negative health consequences; however, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. One potential pathway involves alterations in the acute stress response. The aims of the present study were to examine burnout-associated alterations in stress-reactivity patterns, during a standardized social stressor compared to a control condition, as well as to examine whether effects associated with greater burnout symptomatology were distinct from other, conceptually overlapping indicators of chronic stress (i.e. depressive symptomatology and elevated hair cortisol concentration [HCC]). Materials and methodsIn a randomized two-factor design a total of 70 employed males with varying burnout symptoms but without evidence of physical or psychiatric disease were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test for Groups (TSST-G) or a non-stressful control condition. Acute stress reactivity was assessed using self-report stress measures and non-invasive biomarkers. Associations among acute stress reactivity, burnout and depressive symptoms (assessed with self-report measures), as well as HCC were analysed using repeated measure ANCOVAs and moderation analysis. ResultsBurnout symptomatology was associated with elevated stress perception independent of the experimental condition. In addition, depressive symptomatology was associated with enhanced anticipatory appraisal, whereas HCC was not related to any subjective stress measure. On a physiological level, burnout and depressive symptomatology, as well as HCC were associated with a pattern of blunted cardiovascular reactivity, however the timing of this effect varied. ConclusionOur results indicate burnout-associated modulations in stress reactivity, which diverge, at least partly, from other indicators of chronic stress.

Dynamic and bidirectional associations between maternal stress, anxiety, and social support: The critical role of partner and family support

BackgroundStress and anxiety in pregnancy and the postpartum period are associated with poor long-term maternal and child health outcomes. Social support has been shown to mitigate the effects of maternal stress and anxiety; however, the directionality and longitudinal associations among these variables are poorly understood. Using a novel multilevel modeling approach called dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM), we examined within-person (state-level) autoregressive and cross-lagged associations among stress, anxiety, and social support in the perinatal period in order to elucidate directional associations over time. MethodsMothers from a longitudinal pregnancy cohort (N = 3,388) completed self-report measures of stress, anxiety, and social support across 4 time points from pregnancy to 12 months postpartum. ResultsHigher than average levels of stress and anxiety led to elevations in anxiety and stress and decreases in social support at subsequent time points. Importantly, earlier individual levels of partner and family support predicted subsequent decreases in stress and anxiety. LimitationsSupport was measured via maternal self-report thus extrapolations cannot be made to tangible or instrumental supports and lagged relationships represent average lags over time. ConclusionsUsing a novel statistical approach, these results suggest that increases in both partner and family support may be powerful protective factors for decreasing mental health difficulties in pregnancy and the postpartum, highlighting the importance of targeting and increasing this type of support from pregnancy to the postpartum period.

Psychobiological impact of speaking a second language in healthy young men

The use of second languages is ubiquitous in modern societies. Despite many benefits, there is also evidence for this to cause or exacerbate stress (e.g. in the form of foreign language anxiety). The aim of the present study was to examine to which extent speaking a second language increases acute psychobiological stress in a social context. A total of N = 63 healthy Swiss males were randomly allocated to one of two conditions: completing the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in Swiss German (their first language) vs. standard German (perceived as a second language). Repeated measures of self-reported stress, anxiety, salivary cortisol, and heart rate were obtained. Participants speaking standard German showed significantly larger cortisol increases in response to the TSST when compared to those speaking Swiss German (F(1, 61) = 5.53, p = .022, eta2 = .083). The two groups did not differ in terms of self-reported stress and anxiety, nor in their heart rate response (all p > .216). This study provides initial evidence that speaking a second language in social contexts increases the cortisol stress response. Future research should explore the short- and long-term effects this may have in populations frequently using second languages (e.g. learners of a second language, migrants).

Factors in the perceived stress scale differentially associate with mindfulness disposition and executive function among early adolescents.

The first aim was to test the factor structure and item-loadings of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) when administered to early adolescents. The second aim was to examine associations between PSS factors, mindfulness disposition, and executive function. We analyzed data collected from 331 students in grade seven (M age=12.4, 48.9% female, 47.1% White, 26.0% Hispanic, 37.8% received free-lunch) classrooms from two ethnically/racially and socio-economically diverse schools. Participants completed paper and pencil self-report measures of stress (PSS), mindfulness disposition (Mindful Awareness Attention Scale, MAAS), and executive function (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, BRIEF). We tested the statistical association between two factors of the PSS: perceived coping and perceived distress with MAAS and BRIEF. A two-factor model of the PSS, inclusive of perceived coping and perceived distress, fit the data better than a one-dimensional model. MAAS and BRIEF scores were inversely associated with PSS distress scores (β = -.62, p <.0001 and β = -.66, p <.0001, respectively), but not PSS coping scores (β = -.04, p = .21 and β = -.02, p = .57, respectively) in a model adjusted for sex, race, and socio-economic status. Two factors in the PSS emerged among early adolescents and differentially associated with mindfulness disposition and executive function to similar magnitudes. Findings encourage future assessment of perceived stress in a more refined manner across developmental stages in order to examine trajectories of perceived distress versus perceived coping in relation to mindfulness disposition and executive function.

Efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction in emerging adults with poorly controlled, type 1 diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

The negative effects of stress on persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are well-established, but effective interventions to reduce stress among emerging adults with T1D are limited. The study objective was to conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to obtain preliminary data on the efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) to reduce stress and improve diabetes health outcomes in a population of high-risk, urban emerging adults with poorly controlled diabetes. Forty-eight participants aged 16 to 20 years of age with T1D (mean duration = 8 years) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: MSBR, cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM), or a diabetes support group. Data were collected at baseline, end of treatment, and 3 months after treatment completion. Measures of self-reported stress and depressive symptoms, diabetes management, and glycemic control were obtained. MBSR was found to reduce self-reported stress at end of treatment (P = 0.03, d = -0.49) and 3-month follow-up (P = 0.01, d = -0.67), but no effects on diabetes management or glycemic control were found. Diabetes support group participants had improved glycemic control at the end of treatment (P = 0.01, d = -0.62) as well as reduced depressive symptoms at 3-month follow-up (P = 0.01, d = -0.71). Results provide preliminary support for the efficacy of MBSR to improve psychosocial adjustment in emerging adults with poorly controlled T1D but require replication in adequately powered studies. Findings also support the value of peer support in improving health outcomes in this age group.

Effects of written disclosure on psychophysiological stress among parents of children with autism: A randomized controlled pilot study

BackgroundIn comparison to parents of typically functioning children or parents of children with other developmental disabilities (i.e. Down’s syndrome or cerebral palsy), parents or caregivers of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) sustain a greater incidence of depression, anxiety, and emotional distress. It is imperative to identify effective methods that target improvement to caregiver mental health. MethodA randomized controlled pilot study was conducted to investigate the effect of a written disclosure intervention (expressive writing about traumatic events versus neutral events) on the psychophysiological stress of 71 parents (age 23–62) caring for a child with ASD. Self-reported measures of stress (parenting stress, caregiver burden, and global stress) and a stress biomarker (cortisol awakening response) were evaluated at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Adjusting for baseline values, we performed a univariate analysis of covariance to test directional hypotheses that parents in the treatment group would show a reduction in subjective stress and improvement in physiological stress over time. ResultsAs expected, treatment group parents displayed healthier cortisol activity and reported less global stress compared to controls. Whereas within group analyses indicated all parents experienced improvement in parenting stress and caregiver burden over time, there was no significant treatment effect for these caregiving-specific stress measures. ConclusionsWithin this pilot study, written disclosure appeared beneficial to caregiver psychophysiological stress. However, due to the provision of substantial participant adherence support, we refrain from suggesting feasibility. Nonetheless, improvement of mental health pathology in parents of children with ASD is both significant and timely.

Substance use outcomes for mindfulness based relapse prevention are partially mediated by reductions in stress: Results from a randomized trial

ObjectiveMindfulness based relapse prevention (MBRP) has demonstrated efficacy in alleviating substance use, stress, and craving but how MBRP works for marginalized young adults has not been investigated. The current study used a novel rolling group format for MBRP as an additional intervention for young adults in residential treatment. We tested the hypothesis that MBRP (plus Treatment as usual (TAU)) would reduce stress, craving, and substance use among young adults in residential treatment relative to treatment-as-usual plus 12-step/self-help meetings (TAU only). Further, we examined whether reduced stress during treatment was a potential mechanism of change operating in MBRP. MethodSeventy-nine young adults (Mage = 25.3,SD = 2.7;35 % female) were randomly assigned to MBRP (n = 44) or TAU (n = 35). Follow-up assessments were conducted bi-monthly for self-reported measures of stress, craving, and substance use. ResultsAt treatment completion young adults receiving MBRP had lower substance use (d = −0.58, [−0.91, −0.26]), craving (d = −0.58, [−1.0, −0.14]), and stress (d = −0.77 [−1.2, −0.30]) relative to TAU condition. Reduced stress during treatment partially mediated observed outcome differences between MBRP and TAU for substance use (βindirect = −0.45 [−0.79, −0.11]). ConclusionsResults suggest that MBRP is a useful and appropriate intervention for marginalized young adults. Further, our results suggest that the effects of MBRP on long-term substance use outcomes may be partially explained by reduced stress.

Healthy Parks Healthy People as an Upstream Stress Reduction Strategy.

One of the primary goals of the Healthy Parks Healthy People (HPHP) program, located in the San Francisco Bay Area, is to offer group-based physical activities in natural settings. These activities arefor racially and ethnically diverse groups of individuals as an "upstream" strategy for improving health. This study investigated the health impact of selected two-hour HPHP Bay Area events that targeted low-income racial and ethnic minority groups using physiological and self-reported measures of stress and related variables. Study participants (N=52) in the selected HPHP Bay Area events donated saliva and filled out psychological measures of perceived stress (PSS-4; Cohen et al.) and mood state (I-PANAS-SF; Thompson, 2007) at the beginning and the end ofa two-hour guided walk in green spaces. Moreover, a measure of perceived restoration (SRRS; Han, 2007) was completed at the end ofthe walk. Study participants wore a physical activity self-monitoring device (Garmin Vivofit 2) to capture their step count and heart rate during the event. Stress, both measured by the analysis of salivary cortisol and self-reported perceived stress, significantly decreased over the course of the event (p<.0$) and there was a significant increase in positive mood (p<.05). The monitoring device also indicated that individuals were engaged in moderate levels of physical activity during the guided walks (<di>x</di> =8,990 steps, HR 95 bpm). The results encourage further development of nature-based health interventions to mitigate stress. Such interventions may be especially appropriate for low-income, urban, racial and ethnic minority groups that likely experience increased levels of stress due to social inequities and poor living conditions.

Deficits in episodic memory and mental time travel in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by impairments in mnestic functions, especially in the domain of episodic memory. These alterations might affect different aspects of episodic memory functioning. Here we tested PTSD patients and healthy controls (matched for age, sex and education) in a newly developed virtual reality episodic memory test (VR-EMT), a test for mental time travel, episodic future thinking, and prospective memory (M3xT). In a cross-validation experiment, their performance was further evaluated in the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT). PTSD patients demonstrated impairments in episodic memory formation and mental time travel and showed difficulties in utilizing information from episodic memory to solve problems. Diminished attention and concentration in PTSD did not account for performance deficits in these tasks but higher levels of negative arousal were found in PTSD patients. Furthermore, performance in the VR-EMT and RBMT in PTSD patients correlated negatively with self-reported measures of stress and depression. Our results suggest that deficits in episodic memory formation and mental time travel in PTSD lead to difficulties in utilizing the content of episodic memories for solving problems in the present or to plan future behavior. Clinical implications of these findings and suggestions for cognitive-behavioral treatment of PTSD are discussed.

Cognitive bias modification for facial interpretation: a randomized controlled trial of transfer to self-report and cognitive measures in a healthy sample.

Cognitive bias modification is a potential low-intensity intervention for mood disorders, but previous studies have shown mixed success. This study explored whether facial interpretation bias modification (FIBM), a similar paradigm designed to shift emotional interpretation (and/or perception) of faces would transfer to: (i) self-reported symptoms and (ii) a battery of cognitive tasks. In a preregistered, double-blind randomized controlled trial, healthy participants received eight online sessions of FIBM (N = 52) or eight sham sessions (N = 52). While we replicate that FIBM successfully shifts ambiguous facial expression interpretation in the intervention group, this failed to transfer to the majority of self-report or cognitive measures. There was, however, weak, inconclusive evidence of transfer to a self-report measure of stress, a cognitive measure of anhedonia, and evidence that results were moderated by trait anxiety (whereby transference was greatest in those with higher baseline symptoms). We discuss the need for work in both larger and clinical samples, while urging caution that these FIBM training effects may not transfer to clinically relevant domains.

Natural language indicators of differential gene regulation in the human immune system

Adverse social conditions have been linked to a conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA) in circulating leukocytes that may contribute to social gradients in disease. However, the CNS mechanisms involved remain obscure, in part because CTRA gene-expression profiles often track external social-environmental variables more closely than they do self-reported internal affective states such as stress, depression, or anxiety. This study examined the possibility that variations in patterns of natural language use might provide more sensitive indicators of the automatic threat-detection and -response systems that proximally regulate autonomic induction of the CTRA. In 22,627 audio samples of natural speech sampled from the daily interactions of 143 healthy adults, both total language output and patterns of function-word use covaried with CTRA gene expression. These language features predicted CTRA gene expression substantially better than did conventional self-report measures of stress, depression, and anxiety and did so independently of demographic and behavioral factors (age, sex, race, smoking, body mass index) and leukocyte subset distributions. This predictive relationship held when language and gene expression were sampled more than a week apart, suggesting that associations reflect stable individual differences or chronic life circumstances. Given the observed relationship between personal expression and gene expression, patterns of natural language use may provide a useful behavioral indicator of nonconsciously evaluated well-being (implicit safety vs. threat) that is distinct from conscious affective experience and more closely tracks the neurobiological processes involved in peripheral gene regulation.

Using online interventions to deliver college student mental health resources: Evidence from randomized clinical trials.

This study evaluated the efficacy of Internet-based stress management programs for college students. This approach is particularly fitting for students owing to a lack of mental health resources on campus and to high levels of Internet use among students. Because a history of interpersonal trauma (IPT) is associated with more distress and poorer academic performance, IPT history was assessed as a moderator of intervention efficacy. Students (N = 365) were randomly assigned to a mindfulness plus present control intervention, a mindfulness only intervention, or a stress management information condition that served as an active comparison. Prior research has supported the efficacy of the mindfulness plus present control intervention (Nguyen-Feng et al., 2015). Outcome measures were self-report measures of stress, anxiety, depression, and perceived stress completed online at preintervention, postintervention, and 2 follow-ups (2-3 weeks and 4-5 weeks postintervention). Linear mixed modeling was used to assess change over time. Participants in all 3 groups reported significant decreases on all primary outcomes. All time-by-intervention group interaction effects were nonsignificant, suggesting that the 3 conditions were equally effective. When examining IPT history as a moderator, the mindfulness plus present control and stress management conditions were both more effective for IPT survivors than the mindfulness only intervention. Results suggested that Internet-based interventions are effective for lowering distress among college students and that specific approaches may be differentially effective for certain subgroups of students. They also suggested that providing students with stress management information without providing training in 1 specific skill may also be helpful. (PsycINFO Database Record