Self-report Measures Research Articles

The belief that being high is a natural part of your personality predicts an increase in manic symptoms over time in bipolar disorder.

Several psychological models of bipolar disorder propose that certain types of appraisals can lead to increases in manic symptoms. We tested whether the belief that being 'high' is a natural part of one's personality and correlates with manic symptoms 4 months later when controlling for manic symptoms at baseline. This was a prospective 4-month follow-up design using self-report measures. Forty people with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder completed a measure of manic symptoms, a measure of appraisals associated with bipolar disorder, and a single-item measure, 'To what extent do you feel like being "high" is a natural part of your personality?', at baseline and follow-up. The single-item measure showed modest stability over time and construct validity in its correlation with a standardised measure of appraisals in bipolar disorder. As predicted, the single-item measure correlated with manic symptoms at follow-up when controlling for manic symptoms at baseline. The belief that being 'high' is a natural part of one's personality is a potential predictor of manic symptoms. Further research needs to study the potential mediating mechanisms such as activating behaviours, and control for indicators of the bipolar endophenotype.

A Longitudinal Study on Body Image Perception and Size among Italian Early Adolescents: Changes over Time and Discrepancies between Genders

Background/Objectives: The discrepancy between the current perceived body image (BI) and beauty ideals leads to dissatisfaction, which is believed to be common among adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the stability in BI perceptions and dissatisfaction during early adolescence. Another aim was to highlight differences in dissatisfaction according to Body Mass Index (BMI) and inconsistencies in weight status perception. Methods: Two hundred and nine participants (mean age at first survey: 11.33 ± 0.38 years) were enrolled in this longitudinal study with three years of follow-up. Data on size and BI perceptions were collected through individual interviews. Stature and weight were directly measured. Results: Findings indicated significant changes over three years in anthropometric traits but not in weight status prevalence or BI perception and dissatisfaction, except for the ideal figure in males and weight control in females. The results also indicated a significant difference in BI perception and dissatisfaction by BMI categories. Self-reported body measurements were found to be unreliable with a weak-to-moderate agreement between self-perceived and actual weight status. Conclusions: BI perception appears quite stable across the three years considered. Dissatisfaction is similar in both genders, although a tendency toward different gender aesthetic ideals is already appreciable in early adolescence. We suggest that the lower frequency of normal-weight adolescents compared with peers in previous studies is attributable to the effects of the recent pandemic. Given the growing dissatisfaction with increasing BMI and misinterpretations of weight status, school actions to promote a healthy lifestyle and positive BI should be undertaken.

Smartphone Screen Time Characteristics in People With Suicidal Thoughts: Retrospective Observational Data Analysis Study.

Smartphone-based monitoring in natural settings provides opportunities to monitor mental health behaviors, including suicidal thoughts and behaviors. To date, most suicidal thoughts and behaviors research using smartphones has primarily relied on collecting so-called "active" data, requiring participants to engage by completing surveys. Data collected passively from smartphone sensors and logs may offer an objectively measured representation of an individual's behavior, including smartphone screen time. This study aims to present methods for identifying screen-on bouts and deriving screen time characteristics from passively collected smartphone state logs and to estimate daily smartphone screen time in people with suicidal thinking, providing a more reliable alternative to traditional self-report. Participants (N=126; median age 22, IQR 16-33 years) installed the Beiwe app (Harvard University) on their smartphones, which passively collected phone state logs for up to 6 months after discharge from an inpatient psychiatric unit (adolescents) or emergency department visit (adults). We derived daily screen time measures from these logs, including screen-on time, screen-on bout duration, screen-off bout duration, and screen-on bout count. We estimated the mean of these measures across age subgroups (adults and adolescents), phone operating systems (Android and iOS), and monitoring stages after the discharge (first 4 weeks vs subsequent weeks). We evaluated the sensitivity of daily screen time measures to changes in the parameters of the screen-on bout identification method. Additionally, we estimated the impact of a daylight time change on minute-level screen time using function-on-scalar generalized linear mixed-effects regression. The median monitoring period was 169 (IQR 42-169) days. For adolescents and adults, mean daily screen-on time was 254.6 (95% CI 231.4-277.7) and 271.0 (95% CI 252.2-289.8) minutes, mean daily screen-on bout duration was 4.233 (95% CI 3.565-4.902) and 4.998 (95% CI 4.455-5.541) minutes, mean daily screen-off bout duration was 25.90 (95% CI 20.09-31.71) and 26.90 (95% CI 22.18-31.66) minutes, and mean daily screen-on bout count (natural logarithm transformed) was 4.192 (95% CI 4.041-4.343) and 4.090 (95% CI 3.968-4.213), respectively; there were no significant differences between smartphone operating systems (all P values were >.05). The daily measures were not significantly different for the first 4 weeks compared to the fifth week onward (all P values were >.05), except average screen-on bout in adults (P value = .018). Our sensitivity analysis indicated that in the screen-on bout identification method, the cap on an individual screen-on bout duration has a substantial effect on the resulting daily screen time measures. We observed time windows with a statistically significant effect of daylight time change on screen-on time (based on 95% joint confidence intervals bands), plausibly attributable to sleep time adjustments related to clock changes. Passively collected phone logs offer an alternative to self-report measures for studying smartphone screen time characteristics in people with suicidal thinking. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of this approach, opening doors for further research on the associations between daily screen time, mental health, and other factors.

Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence Among Veterans: A Latent Class Analysis.

The majority of intimate partner violence (IPV) research is unidirectional, focusing on IPV use (i.e., perpetration) or experience (i.e., victimization). However, when IPV use and experience data are simultaneously included in analyses, bidirectional IPV often emerges as a common IPV pattern. The objective of this study was to examine patterns of IPV use and experience, risk factors that may be associated with these patterns, and potential gender differences within a sample of post-9/11 Veterans. This study included a national sample of post-9/11 Veterans (N = 1,150; 50.3% women) who completed self-report measures at two timepoints. We performed a latent class analysis (LCA) to determine the appropriate number of IPV classes, conducted sensitivity analyses, and examined factors potentially associated with IPV class membership. We identified three distinct classes of IPV: Low to no IPV, Bidirectional Psychological IPV, and Bidirectional Multiform IPV. Men and women reported similar rates of IPV use and experience, and there were no gender differences in the LCA model. However, race and ethnicity, employment status, children in the household, marital status, child abuse or witnessing family violence, lifetime physical assault, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and binge drinking were differentially associated with class membership. This study extends existing knowledge on patterns of IPV among Veterans and factors associated with these patterns. Bidirectional IPV was the most common IPV pattern, underscoring the importance of examining IPV use and experience concurrently within research and clinical samples, and developing comprehensive IPV screening and treatment strategies that incorporate bidirectional IPV in work to advance relationship health and safety among Veterans.

Role of distress tolerance, meaning in life and social support in the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among Nigerian cancer patients

We examined the moderating roles of distress tolerance, meaning in life, and social support in the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among cancer patients. Participants included 301 cancer outpatients randomly selected from the oncology unit of a tertiary healthcare institution in Nigeria (female = 60.1%%; age range = 21 to 85 years, mean age = 52.30 years, SD = 12.64 years). They completed self-report measures on distress tolerance, meaning in life, social support, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and PTG. Following series of moderation analysis using Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS Model 1, results showed that higher PTSS was associated with lower PTG at low and moderate, but not at high levels of distress tolerance. Moreover, meaning in life and social support moderators the PTSS and PTG relationship for higher PTG. Therefore, intervention programmes to promote PTG among cancer patients should consider meaning in life, and social support for their protective potentials in improving positive posttraumatic outcome and recovery with distress tolerance.

Relationships Between Family Resilience, Individual Resilience, and Quality of Life in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) have to cope with a multitude of treatment-related adverse effects that impact their quality of life (QoL) post-treatment completion. The presence of family resilience could potentially foster individual resilience and might contribute to patients' QoL. However, this interconnection has not been confirmed. To explore the relationships between family resilience, individual resilience, and QoL in patients with HNC and to determine whether individual resilience in HNC patients functions as a mediator between family resilience and QoL. From September 2022 to June 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 185 patients with HNC recruited through convenience sampling from a tertiary care hospital in Jiangsu Province, China. Self-report measures of family resilience, individual resilience, and QoL were assessed. Relationships were examined by Pearson's correlations. Structural equation models were used to assess whether individual resilience played a mediating role between family resilience and QoL. There were significant positive correlations between QoL and both family resilience (r = 0.43, P < .01) and individual resilience (r = 0.59, P < .01). Moreover, family resilience had an indirect influence on QoL through its effect on individual resilience (β = 0.319, 95% CI: 0.336-0.815). Family resilience emerges as a significant positive factor capable of enhancing QoL for patients with HNC by bolstering their resilience. To mitigate the detrimental effects of inadequate individual resilience on QoL of patients with HNC, it is advised to implement interventions focused on enhancing family resilience. ChiCTR2300067612.

Classifying physical activity levels using Mean Amplitude Deviation in adults using a chest worn accelerometer: validation of the Vivalink ECG Patch

BackgroundThe development of readily available wearable accelerometers has enabled clinicians to objectively monitor physical activity (PA) remotely in the community, a superior alternative to patient self-reporting measures. Critical to the value of these monitors is the ability to reliably detect when patients are undergoing ambulatory activity. Previous studies have highlighted the strength of using mean amplitude deviation (MAD) as a universal measure for analysing raw accelerometery data and defining cut-points between sedentary and ambulatory activities. Currently however there is little evidence surrounding the use of chest-worn accelerometers which can provide simultaneous monitoring of other physiological parameters such as heart rate (HR), RR intervals, and Respiratory Rate alongside accelerometery data. We aimed to calibrate the accelerometery function within the VivaLink ECG patch to determine the cut-point MAD value for differentiating sedentary and ambulatory activities.MethodsWe recruited healthy volunteers to undergo a randomised series of 9 activities that simulate typical free-living behaviours, while wearing a VivaLink ECG Patch (Campbell, California). MAD values were applied to a Generalised Linear Mixed Model to determine cut-points between sedentary and ambulatory activities. We constructed a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve to analyse the sensitivity and specificity of the cut-off MAD value.ResultsEighteen healthy adults volunteered to the study and mean MAD values were collected for each activity. The optimal MAD cut-point between sedentary and ambulatory activities was 47.73mG. ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.99 (p < 0.001) for this value with a sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 100% respectively.ConclusionIn conclusion, the MAD cut-point determined in our study is very effective at categorising sedentary and ambulatory activities among healthy adults and may be of use in monitoring PA in the community with minimal burden. It will also be useful for future studies aiming to simultaneously monitor PA with other physiological parameters via chest worn accelerometers.

The Detection of Invalid Responses Using the Dissociative Experiences Scale-V (DES-V)

ABSTRACT The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) is the most widely used self-report measure of dissociation but lacks a validity scale. Abu-Rus et al. (2020) created the DES-V by embedding atypical and inconsistency items in the DES, ultimately concluding that atypicality demonstrated the greatest ability to differentiate honest respondents from feigners. Among their study limitations, Abu-Rus et al. noted the homogeneous nature of their clinical group (i.e., largely comprising individuals with PTSD) and the potential need to refine the existing atypicality items for a more heterogenous dissociation population. The current study aimed to refine the DES-V by enlisting dissociation experts to improve the believability of the atypical items (while simultaneously ensuring they did not betoken any actual dissociative symptomology) and by supplementing the online sample with a clinical sample that included a broad range of dissociative disorders. Data cleaning comprised eight different techniques, to better ensure the validity of the online sample. Honest and Feigning groups completed the assessments through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk; the clinical dissociative disorder group completed hard copy versions. The atypicality scale discriminated the three groups well, with the Feigning group scoring significantly higher than both of the honest groups (online and clinical). The mean atypicality scores of the two honest groups did not differ significantly. In addition, the scale incremented over the original DES-V in a logistic regression predicting honest and feigning participants. These robust results suggest that the revised DES-V could provide researchers with a valuable tool for validating online samples with greater precision – an increasingly vital need in light of the growing reliance on online samples.

Cardiovascular comorbidities, mental health, and physical activity in persons with multiple sclerosis

ABSTRACT This study examined the associations among cardiovascular comorbidities, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and physical activity in persons with multiple sclerosis. Participants with multiple sclerosis (N = 217) completed demographic, cardiovascular comorbidity, depression, and anxiety self-report measures, and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. We examined the bivariate, non-parametric correlations among the variables and conducted parametric, independent samples t-tests when examining the differences in variables based on cardiovascular comorbidity status. Bivariate correlation analysis indicated that there were statistically significant associations between anxiety scores, but not depression scores, and cardiovascular comorbidities. Physical activity, especially moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), was correlated with cardiovascular comorbidities. There were small significant differences based on hyperlipidemia status in anxiety scores (p = 0.015, d = -0.42), MVPA (p < 0.001, d = 0.44), and steps/day (p < 0.001, d = 0.50), and based on hypertension status in anxiety scores (p = 0.010, d = -0.35), depression scores (p = 0.046, d = -0.26), MVPA (p = 0.003, d = 0.41), and steps/day (p < 0.001, d = 0.53). The findings indicate that there are significant associations among cardiovascular comorbidities, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and physical activity in persons with multiple sclerosis. Physical activity, specifically MVPA, may be a target for managing those outcomes in persons with multiple sclerosis.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Peri-Implant Diseases in a Random Norwegian Population: Prevalence, Risk Indicators, and Clinical Validation of Patient-Reported Outcomes.

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of peri-implant diseases in a randomly selected Norwegian population. The secondary aims were to explore risk indicators for peri-implant diseases and to validate self-reported outcome measures from a survey with clinical parameters. Patients (n = 3083) rehabilitated with dental implants in 2014 were mailed a questionnaire and invited to a clinical examination. A randomly selected subset of responders underwent a clinical examination (n = 242). Full mouth clinical and radiographic examinations were conducted. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess patient-related risk indicators for peri-implantitis. Self-reported data were compared with data from the clinical examination using Spearman correlation and binary logistic regression. The prevalence of peri-implantitis was 17.0% at patient level and 8.6% at implant level, according to the 2018 classification. Risk indicators for peri-implantitis included smoking and periodontitis in the adjusted model. The correlation was strong (r = 0.91, p < 0.001) between number of self-reported implants and clinical counts, whereas self-reported peri-implant inflammation was associated with peri-implantitis (OR 6.4 [95% CI 3.0, 13.7]). Smoking and periodontitis were identified as key risk indicators for peri-implantitis. Questionnaire data rendered clinically valid estimates of implant number, and self-reported peri-implant inflammation was associated with clinical peri-implantitis.

Clinical Measures Associated with Subsequent Injury after Adolescent Concussion: A Prospective Cohort Study

ABSTRACT Purpose To examine associations between clinical measures (self-reported and clinician-administered) and subsequent injury rates in the year after concussion return to play (RTP) among adolescent athletes. Methods We performed a prospective, longitudinal study of adolescents ages 13-18 years. Each participant was initially assessed within 21 days of concussion and again within 5 days of receiving RTP clearance from their physician. Participants completed self-report measures: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), and clinician-administered measures: single and dual-task tandem gait (TG) and reaction time (RT; simple and clinical) assessments. They then completed monthly surveys for a year after RTP which assessed exposure to injury (sport participation) and subsequent injuries (musculoskeletal or concussions) sustained. We used Poisson regression models to calculate injury rate ratios with number of subsequent injuries sustained as the outcome, adjusted for RTP clearance time and competitive exposures for each measure. Results 41 participants were included (age = 15.5±1.3 years, 56% female, 9.6±4.6 days post-concussion; 38.0±31.5 days to RTP). A higher injury rate per athletic exposure was observed for simple RT≥505 ms vs &lt;505 ms (injury rate ratio = 3.22; 95% confidence interval = 1.56, 7.12; p = 0.002). Injury rates did not significantly differ by PSQI or TSK scores, single/dual-task TG time, or clinical RT. Conclusions Simple reaction time may be one risk factor that is associated with higher rates of subsequent injury after adolescent concussion. A simple reaction time measure incorporated into a comprehensive concussion RTP assessment may identify some individuals at higher risk of subsequent injury in the year following concussion, though further research is needed to better understand this relationship.

Rasch validation of the revised body awareness rating questionnaire (BARQ-R) in adults with and without musculoskeletal pain

BackgroundThe Revised Body Awareness Rating Questionnaire (BARQ-R) is a self-report measure of body awareness. First aim: evaluate the structural validity of BARQ-R with Rasch analysis in community-dwelling Americans with and without musculoskeletal pain. Subaim: validate a Rasch analysis of BARQ-R done in Norwegian adults with musculoskeletal pain, through a secondary analysis in our sample of Americans with musculoskeletal pain.MethodsBARQ-R has 12 items with scores ranging from 0 (completely disagree) to 3 (completely agree), with higher total scores reflecting lower degrees of body awareness. Through Rasch analysis, we evaluated unidimensionality, item hierarchy, and structural validity with item and person fit, targeting, person separation reliability (PSR), local item dependence (LID), differential item functioning (DIF), and principal components analysis of residuals (PCAR).ResultsWe recruited 623 adults with and without musculoskeletal pain (average age = 50.27 ± 17.25 years). After rescoring 1 item and deleting 3 items, the 9-item Rasch-based BARQ-R had no misfitting items, the hierarchical ordering of the items followed clinical expectations, 3 (0.48%) misfitting persons, person mean location: -0.62 ± 1.03 logits (max -0.53, min 0.72 logits), minimal floor effect (1.93%) and ceiling effect (0.48%), no DIF, and PSR = 0.72. LID was found in 5 item pairs. The PCAR’s eigenvalue was 2.18. The secondary Rasch analysis in 152 adults with musculoskeletal pain (average age = 52.26 ± 16.13 years), demonstrated that, after rescoring 2 items, BARQ-R had no misfitting items and only 2 (1.32%) misfitting persons, good targeting (person mean location: -0.36 ± 0.88 logits), minimal floor effect (0.01%), no ceiling effect (0.00%), and PSR = 0.75. LID was found in 6 item pairs. The PCAR’s eigenvalue was 2.47.ConclusionsBARQ-R had good item and person fit. PSR with items covering a limited logit range suggests that differing levels of body awareness are measured with only modest precision. Adding and revising items to cover a wider range of body awareness and to better address concepts of internal body awareness and body movements would improve BARQ-R’s utility. Further analyses are needed before BARQ-R’s use for research or in the clinic. In addition, future BARQ-R Rasch validation is needed in other populations with body awareness deficits, such as stroke or spinal cord injury.

Exercise-based telerehabilitation for the management of chronic pain in people with severe haemophilia: a mixed-methods feasibility study

BackgroundChronic pain is reported by between 30 and 71% of people with haemophilia (PWH). Exercise is shown to be effective for pain management in other arthritides, but it remains unclear if such an approach is effective or acceptable to PWH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a telerehabilitation exercise intervention for PWH living with chronic pain.MethodsThis was a multisite, non-randomised, pre-post feasibility design, with a nested qualitative study. People with severe haemophilia > 18 years, living with chronic pain, were recruited. The intervention comprised 12 low-impact/moderate intensity, individualised exercise sessions and 3 knowledge-sharing and discussion sessions. Primary objectives assessed according to predefined progression criteria were as follows: (a) recruitment rate (5 participants enrolled per site over 8 weeks), (b) adherence (≥ 75% participants would adhere to ≥ 75% of sessions), (c) follow-up rate (≥ 75% completion of self-reported measures), (d) fidelity (intervention delivered as described in protocol) and (e) safety (≤ 30% participants would report adverse events). Acceptability was evaluated from thematic analysis of post-intervention participant interviews. Preliminary evaluation of self-reported pain, function and quality of life (QoL) was a secondary objective. Results were reported using descriptive statistics integrated with qualitative findings.ResultsTen PWH were recruited and completed the intervention. Nine agreed to be interviewed post intervention. Attendance at individual sessions was 84.5% compared to 52.1% for the group sessions. Outcome measures were successfully completed for 100% at baseline, 70% at intervention end and 60% at 3-month follow-up. No serious adverse events were recorded. Group median values in outcome measures (pain, function, QoL) showed minimal change post intervention. Participant interviews highlighted high levels of enjoyment, confidence in continuing exercises independently and positive views of virtual delivery and condition-specific exercise.ConclusionsRecruitment rate and safety met the predefined progression criteria. Fidelity partially met the progression criteria, but the follow-up rate for self-reported measures did not. The study was acceptable to both participants and physiotherapists. Further intervention development is needed to review approaches to outcome measure collection and refine the usefulness of the knowledge-sharing sessions.Trial registrationThe study was prospectively registered on 9 July 2021: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN 17454597.

Bidirectional associations between sleep and cannabis and alcohol (co-)use in daily life.

Poor sleep is common in the context of cannabis use, but experimental and daily-life studies provide mixed evidence for whether cannabis use helps or disturbs same-night sleep. Despite a high prevalence of co-use of alcohol and cannabis, most studies of cannabis use and sleep do not consider alcohol use. We sought to add to this literature by examining associations between cannabis and sleep in the context of alcohol co-use and to examine these associations bidirectionally using ecological momentary assessment. Participants were 88 adults reporting cannabis use at least 3×/week and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use at least 2×/week. For 14 days, participants completed morning surveys assessing hours slept and perceived sleep quality from the night before. In morning surveys, random surveys, and substance-specific surveys, participants also reported on alcohol and cannabis craving, use, and amounts. Primary results from multilevel models demonstrated that cannabis use was not independently associated with sleep (duration or quality). However, cannabis use attenuated alcohol's negative effects on sleep quality. Results question the utility of cannabis use to improve sleep but highlight the attenuated negative effects of alcohol as a potential reinforcer of alcohol-cannabis co-use. Future work should continue to consider polysubstance use and integrate additional self-report and objective measures of sleep health to further clarify how cannabis use affects sleep.

Adapting behavioral activation for patients receiving medications for opioid use disorder in primary care: a pilot study

IntroductionEffective adjunctive therapeutic treatments for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) on medication for OUD (MOUD) in primary care settings are needed to address high rates of mental illness and stress. Behavioral activation (BA) is a brief, evidence-based therapy that has potential to improve quality of life in people with OUD. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of values-based BA (VBA) as an adjunct treatment for patients receiving MOUD in primary care.MethodsParticipants were recruited for a single-arm pilot trial of BA in a primary care setting. VBA was adapted for people with OUD and included 4–6 sessions delivered over 12 weeks with a behavioral health consultant, either in-person or virtually. Feasibility was assessed as recruitment percent and pace and retention percent. Acceptability was assessed with the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8). Participants completed self-report measures of well-being, depression, substance use, and psychological processes of change at baseline, mid-intervention (6-weeks), and post-intervention (12-weeks). Participants engaged in a brief interview about their experiences at the end of the intervention.ResultsTwenty-one participants enrolled in the intervention (66.7% female, M age = 44.0 years, 19% of those invited). Participants completed an average of 5.1 BA sessions (SD = 1.6) and most (90%) were retained through 12 weeks. Participants rated the intervention as highly acceptable on the CSQ-8 (M = 30.4/32.0, SD = 1.6). In qualitative interviews, participants reported that working with the therapist and setting values-based goals were helpful, while also recommending more tailoring to patients’ needs and offering the program early in MOUD treatment. Preliminary efficacy data suggest the program was associated with small to moderate improvements in life satisfaction (Cohen’s d = 0.25) and positive affect (d = 0.62), whereas there were no changes in depression (d = 0.09) or negative affect (d = −0.07) in a group with low depression at baseline.DiscussionVBA adapted for patients on MOUD in primary care was feasible to deliver and acceptable to participants. Minor modifications to the target population and treatment manual could increase the program’s impact. Future studies will test the efficacy of the intervention in improving quality of life and OUD treatment outcomes.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05262725, Unique ID: NCT05262725.

Do People Answer Honestly When Asked About a No Honest Behavior?

Abstract: Recently assessment of bullshitting has gained considerable interest. However, self-report measures of bullshitting are at risk of socially desirability (SD) responding because people are questioned about a sensitive and personal topic (i.e., their tendency to embellish or modify the truth to portray themselves positively). This study aims to identify the impact of SD on the Bullshitting Frequency Scale (BSF) to ensure that the scale can provide sound measures. Italian ( N = 298, 69.80% female) and English participants ( N = 301, 72.76% female) were recruited. To overcome some limitations of the classical procedures used to deal with SD, factor analysis was employed to identify and control this response bias. At the same time, the validation of the Italian version of the BSF (BSF-I) was conducted to provide evidence that the scale maintains its psychometric properties once translated into Italian. Factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure of the scale and factor loadings indicated a minimal impact of SD. Multidimensional IRT showed moderate to excellent MDISC values and strong conditional reliability. Multigroup CFA indicated strict invariance across genders and metric invariance across Italian and English versions. The BSF-I showed sound psychometric properties and these findings suggest that people answer honestly when asked about bullshitting.

Implicit associations with non-suicidal self-injury: Examination in a clinical sample by borderline personality symptomatology.

We examine correlates and predictors for implicit associations with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) with the Self-Injury Implicit Association Test (SI-IAT) in a treatment-seeking sample. We also examine group differences in the SI-IAT among those with low/none, moderate and high/clinically significant borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptomatology in a treatment-seeking sample. Participants (N = 111; 58% female; 89% White; Mage = 30.25) completed the SI-IAT and self-report measures at two time points. Higher BPD symptom scores were significantly, positively correlated with implicit identification with NSSI, and predicted NSSI identity when controlling for depression indices, history of NSSI and other covariates. With Time 1 SI-IAT scores entered as a covariate, BPD scores no longer significantly predicted Time 2 SI-IAT scores. Individuals with moderate and high/clinically significant symptom counts of BPD had higher/stronger implicit associations with NSSI identity than those with no/low BPD symptoms. Individuals with symptoms of BPD may implicitly identify with NSSI more than other clinical groups; examination of implicit assessments in BPD in future research is needed to further explore implicit identification with NSSI in this patient group to further understand both cross-sectional and prospective relations.

Narrative identity in context: How adults in Japan, Denmark, Israel, and the United States narrate difficult life events.

Integrating the selective reconstruction of the past with an imagined future, narrative identity is a person's internalized and evolving story of the self, functioning to provide life with some degree of meaning and purpose (McAdams & McLean, 2013). While narrative identity has been found to be associated with a range of psychological and social phenomena (e.g., Adler et al., 2015; McAdams & Guo, 2015), cross-national variation in narrative identity has been only minimally examined. For the purposes of the current inquiry, 438 adults from the United States (N = 102), Japan (N = 122), Israel (N = 103), and Denmark (N = 111) wrote narratives on adversity (low point and life challenge) and completed self-report measures on psychological well-being. Part 1 examined the narrative topics discussed, the frequency of narrative indices (redemption, contamination, agency, communion, meaning-making), and their relationship to well-being across the four countries, finding the most cultural difference in levels of redemption and meaning-making and the kinds of events narrated. Part 2 involved a qualitative, thematic analysis of the Japanese, Danish, and Israeli narratives to derive a set of narrative indices characterizing each country. Several emerged in the Japanese narratives (acceptance, attribution of blame, unresolved), the Danish narratives (balanced affect, communal growth, normality), and Israeli narratives (collective responsibility). Taken together, our findings regarding narratives of adversity support the idea that narrative identity cannot be fully captured without an understanding of culture but needs to instead be studied in tandem with the cultural context in which stories reside. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

12559 Objective Versus Subjective Measures Of Reproductive Development And Psychological Well-Being In Peri-Menarcheal Adolescents: A Pilot Study

Abstract Disclosure: K.C. McCormick: None. M.E. Lujan: None. J. Chang: None. L. Ipp: None. A. Alladeen: None. H. Lamar: None. J. Mendle: None. H. Vanden Brink: None. Introduction: Risk of psychopathology emerges during the pubertal and peri-menarcheal years; however objective physiological measures of maturation often differ from adolescents’ own reports of their development. Understanding how psychological symptoms emerge in relation to both objective and subjective evaluations of reproductive development can provide critical insights into mental health risk and variability in psychological symptom severity during the pre-menarcheal and early post-menarcheal years. Methods: 52 females 9-15 years old (n=16 pre-menarcheal, n=36 &amp;lt;2 years post-menarche) underwent a non-fasting blood draw for reproductive hormones (estradiol, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)), anthropometry, detailed reproductive and menstrual history, and a series of surveys to evaluate depression (CES-DC), anxiety (MASC), perceptions of pubertal-related change (POPS), and transdiagnostic psychological processes (rumination, emotional clarity) which can contribute to, and are risk factors for, psychopathology. Whether psychological symptoms are associated with objective measures (menarche, gynecological age, reproductive hormone concentrations) versus subjective measures (self-reported tanner stage, severity of dysmenorrhea) were contrasted using t-tests and Pearson Correlation Coefficient analyses (JMP Pro (v17)). Results: The majority of participants (26/36 post-menarcheal and 11/16 pre-menarcheal) exceeded the standard cut-off of 15 for depressive symptoms, consistent with research on mental health symptomatology in this cohort of youth. POPS scores were higher (39±10.9) in post-menarcheal versus pre-menarcheal (31±12.6) adolescents indicating post-menarcheal adolescents reported more puberty-linked change in their lives (Pttest=0.04). Lower emotional clarity was associated with higher AMH concentrations (r= -0.27, p=0.0944). Depressive symptoms tended to be greater (27+14.8) in those with moderate dysmenorrhea versus mild/no dysmenorrhea (19±11.1, Pttest=0.08). Depression (r=0.30, p=0.032) and anxiety symptoms (r=0.32, p=0.027), and rumination (r=0.30, p=0.033) were associated with higher self-reported Tanner scores; POPS was trending (r=0.25, p=0.0776). Neither estradiol nor FSH were associated with any measures of psychological well-being. Conclusion: Both objective measures of reproductive development and adolescent self-reports may help providers assess individual vulnerability to internalizing psychopathology, such as depression and anxiety. Additionally, given population level increases in depressive symptoms in adolescents, researchers should avoid utilizing simple cutoffs for depression and anxiety, which lack specificity and overlook critical variability which can further elucidate mental and physical health dynamics. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Correlates of Lifestyle Physical Activity Among Young Arab American Women.

Young Arab American women are at risk for cardiovascular disease, but there is limited data on their physical activity (PA) engagement. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between PA and its correlates in young Arab American women. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe self-reported lifestyle PA behaviors of young Arab American women and (2) examine the relationship between their self-reported lifestyle PA, device-measured lifestyle PA (combined moderate/vigorous and steps), and potentially associated factors (demographics, physical measures, individual factors, and behavior cognition factors). This cross-sectional study was conducted with women 18 to 35 years of age and Arab American (n = 50) in the Midwest Region of the United States. Participants wore ActiGraph GT3X-BT monitors for 7 days; self-report measures included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, demographics, acculturation, discrimination, religiosity, self-efficacy, and social support. The mean age of participants was 25.5 years (SD: 5.5; range: 18-35). Per ActiGraph, the average daily steps were 5946 (SD: 2783); only 24% met the moderate-intensity PA guidelines. Self-efficacy was significantly associated with increased moderate-to-vigorous PA (B = 0.37; P = .012). The average daily steps for the young Arab American women in this study were of low active classification. More than 75% of the women failed to meet the recommended weekly moderate/vigorous PA guidelines. Our study supports the importance of targeting and tailoring PA interventions on young Arab American women who have low self-efficacy for overcoming barriers to lifestyle PA.