Self-report Tool Research Articles

Comparing Self-Report Fatigue Assessment Tools for Adults with Cerebral Palsy in a Danish Context

ABSTRACT Purpose: Many youth and adults with Cerebral Palsy (CP) experience high levels of fatigue. This study aimed to compare three fatigue self-report questionnaires to guide clinicians. Method: Thirty youth and adults (age range 17–64) with CP were assessed with Danish versions of the Fatigue Impact and Severity Self-Assessment questionnaire, the Modified Mental Fatigue Scale, and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Psychometric properties were investigated. Rank order and classification models were compared across questionnaires. Results: The Reduced Motivation and Physical Fatigue subscales of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory showed inadequate internal consistency. Participants were frequently ranked differently with the questionnaires. There were issues related to the conceptualization of physical fatigue. Conclusion: The choice of assessment tool should be based on assessment purpose as the questionnaires assess different aspects of fatigue severity, impact, and management. Also, test selection can have important implications on the conclusions that are made about fatigue type and severity.

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY TESTS ON GENERALISED ANXIETY DISORDER DIAGNOSTIC SCALE

<span lang="EN-US">Generalized anxiety disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders in society. The purpose of this study is to develop a diagnostic scale for generalized anxiety disorder because there is no self-report diagnostic tool for generalized anxiety disorder based on DSM-V and ICD-10 criteria in Indonesia. The items on the overall anxiety disorder scale have been tested use pre-tryout (readability test), content validity (S-CVI = 0.904) by a panel of judges, field tests on 210 adult participants aged 18-65 years which were then analyzed for validity (EFA and CFA) and reliability (alpha-cronbach = 0.911). This scale consists of 2 aspects, namely social-emotional symptoms and physiological symptoms with a total of 18 items that have satisfactory psychometric quality with construct model is unidimention. For further researchers, standardization and validation of criteria can be carried out by comparing this scale with the gold standard that is already available so that it can then be used in clinical practice</span>

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and measurement properties of the Arabic version of the pain sensitivity questionnaire.

The Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) is a reliable and valid self-reported tool for the assessment of pain sensitivity in clinical practice. The PSQ has been translated, validated, and cross-culturally adapted into multiple languages. However, a validated Arabic version of the PSQ is not available. Thus, this study aims to translate, validate, and cross-culturally adapt the English version of the PSQ into the Arabic language. The English version of the PSQ was translated and culturally adapted into Arabic following international guidelines. The psychometric properties of the final version of the PSQ-Arabic (PSQ-A) were tested among 119 patients with different persistent musculoskeletal (MSK) pain. The Cronbach's α for the PSQ-A-total, PSQ-A-moderate, and PSQ-C-minor were 0.81, 0.79, and 0.76, respectively. The means for the PSQ-A-total, PSQ-A-moderate, and PSQ-C-minor scores were 5.07 (±1.28), 5.64 (±2.07), and 4.50 (±0.50). The test-retest reliability measured with the interclass correlation coefficient for 68 subjects was 0.80 for the PSQ-A-total, 0.74 for the PSQ-A-moderate, and 0.77 for the PSQ-A-minor. The PSQ-A-total and the PSQ-A-minor showed positive significant correlations with pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) (r = 0.15, 0.17); P ≤ 0.05), respectively. The PSQ-A-total, PSQ-A-moderate, and PSQ-A-minor showed positive significant correlations with the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)-pain scores (r = 0.47, 0.43, 0.45; P ≤ 0.01), respectively and with the BPI-pain interference scores (r = 0.37, 0.33, 0.34; P ≤ 0.01), respectively. This study shows that the PSQ-A is a reliable and valid tool to assess individuals with pain sensitivity in Arabic populations. Further studies are recommended to examine the concurrent validity of the PSQ-A against experimental pain sensitivity measures.

Family Fat Talk Questionnaire - Polish adaptation.

One of the dangerous phenomena that reinforces a negative attitude towards one's own body is the so-called family fat talk1, i.e. conversations initiated by carers/siblings selfdevaluing body shapes and sizes. The aim of our own research was to adapt the self-report two-factor tool Family Fat Talk Questionnaire (FFTQ) by MacDonald et al., which may be used in the prophylaxis of maladaptive behaviours towards eating and the body, especially in the adolescent population. The study covered 391 people at the turn of late adolescence and early adulthood. The following were used: (1) personal questionnaire - to control secondary variables (e.g. gender, BMI, difference between the actual and desired body weight), (2) Family Fat Talk Questionnaire in the Polish language version (FFTQ-PL) and (3) Kwestionariusz wizerunku ciała (KWCO) by A. Głębocka to check external accuracy. The research results indicate that the FFTQ-PL has satisfactory reliability and measurement accuracy, and its two-factor structure (factor 1 - "I"; factor 2 - "Family") has been confirmed. This measure is worth using in screening studies to identify people - especially adolescents - engaging in self-devaluing conversations within the family. It turns out that fat talk, especially in the case of people with a negative body image, can become a risk factor for risky eating practices.

Psychopathological symptoms in fibromyalgia and their associations with resistance to pharmacotherapy with SNRI.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is often comorbid with psychiatric disorders. Moreover, several studies show that psychiatric disorders may be linked to the severity and impact of FM. Therefore, the study described in the article had two main goals: (1) to explore various psychopathological symptom dimensions in patients with fibromyalgia and secondly, (2) to examine the links between psychopathology and response to treatment with serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI). This cross-sectional study was performed between December 2020 and November 2022. The definition of resistance to SNRI was <30% reduction of pain after ≥8 weeks of treatment. 30 FM subjects responsive to SNRI (FM T[+]), 32 patients non-responsive to SNRI (FM T[-]) and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Participants were examined by physicians and completed self-report tools to evaluate levels of depression (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), anxiety (State and Trait Anxiety Inventory), anhedonia (Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale), bipolar symptoms (Mood Disorder Questionnaire, Hypomania Checklist), and dissociation (Dissociative Experiences Scale - Revised). ANOVA analysis and a series of simple logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between psychopathological variables and response to SNRI. FM T[-] vs. FM T[+] showed higher levels of: depression, state and trait anxiety and anhedonia as well as higher proportion of scores indicating the presence of anxiety disorder. Increased severity of depression, anxiety and anhedonia were predictors of resistance to SNRI. Modifiable psychopathological symptoms vary in FM T[+] vs. FM T[-] and are predictors of resistance to SNRI. Psychological assessment should be integrated into standard care for FM patients.

Measurement of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activity by a simplified Geneva cocktail approach in a cohort of free-living individuals: a pilot study.

Introduction: The cytochrome P450 enzyme subfamilies, including CYP3A4 and CYP1A2, have a major role in metabolism of a range of drugs including several anti-cancer treatments. Many factors including environmental exposures, diet, diseaserelated systemic inflammation and certain genetic polymorphisms can impact the activity level of these enzymes. As a result, the net activity of each enzyme subfamily can vary widely between individuals and in the same individual over time. This variability has potential major implications for treatment efficacy and risk of drug toxicity, but currently no assays are available for routine use to guide clinical decision-making. Methods: To address this, a mass spectrometry-based method to measure activities of CYP3A4, CYP1A2 was adapted and tested in free-living participants. The assay results were compared with the predicted activity of each enzyme, based on a self-report tool capturing diet, medication, chronic disease state, and tobacco usage. In addition, a feasibility test was performed using a low-volume dried blood spots (DBS) on two different filter-paper supports, to determine if the same assay could be deployed without the need for repeated standard blood tests. Results: The results confirmed the methodology is safe and feasible to perform in free-living participants using midazolam and caffeine as test substrates for CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 respectively. Furthermore, though similar methods were previously shown to be compatible with the DBS format, the assay can also be performed successfully while incorporating glucuronidase treatment into the DBS approach. The measured CYP3A4 activity score varied 2.6-fold across participants and correlated with predicted activity score obtained with the self-report tool. The measured CYP1A2 activity varied 3.5-fold between participants but no correlation with predicted activity from the self-report tool was found. Discussion: The results confirm the wide variation in CYP activity between individuals and the important role of diet and other exposures in determining CYP3A4 activity. This methodology shows great potential and future cross-sectional and longitudinal studies using DBS are warranted to determine how best to use the assay results to guide drug treatments.

Impact of telenurse-led intervention in clinical trials on health literacy, empowerment, and health outcomes in patients with solid tumours: a pilot quasi-experimental study

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, decentralised clinical trials incorporated self-monitoring, self-reporting, and telenursing tools to address health literacy and health empowerment of patients enrolled in clinical trials. We aimed to determine the impact of an educational intervention using telenursing consultations on health literacy, health empowerment, and health-related quality of life in cancer patients enrolled in clinical trials by measuring the level of satisfaction with the care received and assessing the views of healthcare professionals concerning the advanced practice nurse (APN) role in oncology clinical trials.MethodsIn this pilot analytical, descriptive, longitudinal, quasi-experimental, and pre-post test study, an educational intervention was conducted by 5 visits with an APN using synchronous teleconsultation in patients starting cancer treatment for the first time in a clinical trial (n = 60), and health professionals working with the APN (n = 31). A descriptive analysis of the samples and questionnaires were utilised along with statistical comparisons.ResultsAfter the intervention, patients' health literacy (31.7%), health empowerment (18.3%), and health-related quality of life (33.3%) increased (p < 0.05), with a decrease and trend towards resolution of care needs (p < 0.05). Satisfaction with the quality and care received in terms of perceived convenience, transition, and continuity of care showed positive results in 64.9 ± 20.7, 77.6 ± 19.5, and 72.1 ± 20.4 of respondents, respectively. On the overall assessment of the APN role, healthcare professionals expressed a high level of agreement with the statements related to their work performance.ConclusionsThe data indicates that a clinical trial APN-led telenursing educational intervention results in an overall increase in health literacy, an improvement in health empowerment and health-related quality of life, and a decrease in care needs of oncology clinical trials patients. Patients stated that they received a high quality of care and health professionals indicated high levels of acceptance with APNs. Based on these results, we suggest that the APN role should gain more recognition in the Spanish healthcare system and their professional competencies should be aligned with those of other countries.

Abstract WP85: Evaluating the Strengths and Limitations to Patient-Reported Modified Rankin Scale Studies: A Systematic Review

Background: Studies evaluating patient-reported modified Rankin scales (mRS) in patients with stroke in different cultural and language settings have not been aggregated to determine validity of these adapted assessments. Objectives: To systematically review all patient-reported mRS studies performed outside of the United States (US). Methods: We searched PubMed and Web of Science for non-US based studies that evaluated patient-reported mRS against in-person clinician mRS among patients with stroke. Studies were analyzed for country of investigation, mRS self-assessment modality, care setting (inpatient vs outpatient), study limitations, and concordance between patient-reported and in-person mRS scores. Results: We identified 13 patient-reported mRS evaluation studies across all continents except Africa. The most common self-reported mRS assessment was the telephone mRS questionnaire. Average time between in-person and self-reported mRS assessments was ~14 days. The weighted kappa agreement between patient-reported and in-person mRS scores ranged from moderate to very good (K w range: 0.56 to 0.90), though unweighted kappa scores were significantly lower (K range: 0.27 to 0.68). Discrepancies between patient-reported and clinician-evaluated mRS scores tended to result from patients at the scale extremes. Patients with good mRS outcomes (mRS &lt; 2) tended to rate themselves better than their clinicians while those with poor outcomes (mRS &gt; 3) tended to rate themselves worse than their clinicians did. Major limitations across studies included sampling bias in the in-patient setting, time delays between in-person and self-reported mRS assessments, and differences in the structure of the clinician-led vs patient-reported mRS assessments. Conclusion: While patient-reported mRS validation studies to date have generally displayed good agreement with clinician-reported outcomes, significant scoring discrepancies exist for patients with very poor and very good outcomes. Future studies should consider limiting time between mRS assessments and understanding reasons for differences in patient and clinician assessments. Further, data on validity of self-report mRS tools are lacking from much of the world, especially Africa.

Sport-Specific AMCaMP: New Modular Tools for Measuring Adolescent Self-Confidence In Sport-Specific Movement.

Despite increasing interest in psychological factors that affect the impact of self-efficacy on readiness to return to play, few clinical tools are available to assess self-confidence in performing sports-specific movement patterns in the pediatric/adolescent population. The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of sports-specific modules to supplement a general measure of movement self-efficacy, the Adolescent Measure of Confidence and Movement Performance (AMCaMP). Quasi-experimental cross-sectional validation. After preliminary testing for readability and ease of administration, one of 12 sport-specific modules pertinent to the individual's sport (baseball, softball, basketball, football, gymnastics, cheerleading, soccer, ballet, swimming, lacrosse, tennis, and cross country) were administered to 14,744 patients, 11-18 years of age, drawn from 12 pediatric sports physical therapy facilities in a single health care system. Respondents completed the assigned sport-specific self-report questionnaire at initial visit and conclusion of the episode of care. Based on sample sizes, Bartlett's Test of Sphericity, and Kaiser-Myer-Olkin measures, nine modules (baseball, softball, basketball, football, gymnastics, cheerleading, soccer, ballet, and swimming) were deemed suitable for factor analysis. Each module sample was divided into test validation samples. Exploratory factor analysis revealed an underlying structure ranging from one to three factors depending upon the module. Subsequent confirmatory factor analyses fully supported the hypothesized factor structures for each module except swimming. Additional analyses to determine coefficient alpha (range=0.8-0.976), Standard Error of Measurement (range=1.12-2.33), and Minimum Detectable Change (range=3.1-6.47) confirmed the reliability of each of these modules. AMCAMP sport-specific modules are reliable and valid self-report tools to capture self-confidence in performing sport-specific movements to supplement AMCAMP's evaluation of self-efficacy in performing the general movements of everyday life. The results of this study support using these modules as part of the overall clinical evaluation of psychological readiness to return to sport. Level 3b.

Preliminary identification of clinical cut-off of the vegetarian vegan eating disorder screener (V-EDS) in a community and self-reported clinical sample of vegetarians and vegans

BackgroundThe vegetarian vegan eating disorder screener (V-EDS) is an 18-item self-report screening tool designed to assess the unique elements of eating disorder symptomology in vegetarians and vegans. Previous results have suggested strong initial psychometric properties in non-clinical community samples of vegetarians and vegans. The present study sought to identify a preliminary threshold cut-off score to discriminate eating disorder pathology in a self-reported clinical and community sample.MethodsThis study involved secondary analysis using data collected in McLean et al. (Development and preliminary validation of a novel eating disorder screening tool for vegetarians and vegans: the V-EDS, 2023), comprising 599 non-clinical participants and 51 self-reported clinical participants. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to compute possible cut-off values for the V-EDS. Results: ROC analysis indicated good performance of the V-EDS (area under the curve = 0.87), with integration of the Youden index demonstrating a global score of ≥ 18 to be optimal in predicting clinical caseness with good sensitivity (0.804) and specificity (0.843).ConclusionsThe present study fills an important gap as the first to investigate an optimal V-EDS score to discriminate level of impairment from eating disorder pathology in a sample of vegetarian and vegan community and self-reported clinical participants. We extend the utility of the V-EDS in discovering good discrimination power in classifying clinical caseness with a cut-off score of 18 shown to optimise the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity. Future research should focus on expanding the psychometric properties of the V-EDS in larger and more diverse participant groups, including gender, age, cultural identity, and eating disorder history.

Time in ICU and post-intensive care syndrome: how long is long enough?

BackgroundOur understanding of post-ICU recovery is influenced by which patients are selected to study and treat. Many studies currently list an ICU length of stay of at least 24, 48, or 72 h as an inclusion criterion. This may be driven by established evidence that prolonged time in an ICU bed and prolonged ventilation can complicate post-ICU rehabilitation. However, recovery after short ICU stays still needs to be explored.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis from the tracking outcomes post-intensive care (TOPIC) study. One hundred and thirty-two participants were assessed 6-months post-ICU discharge using standardised and validated self-report tools for physical function, cognitive function, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (with clinically significant impairment on any tool being considered a complicated recovery). Routinely collected data relating to the ICU stay were retrospectively accessed, including length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation. Patients with short ICU stays were intentionally included, with 77 (58%) participants having an ICU length of stay < 72 h.ResultsOf 132 participants, 40 (30%) had at least one identified post-ICU impairment 6 months after leaving ICU, 22 (17%) of whom had an ICU length of stay < 72 h.ConclusionMany patients with an ICU length of stay < 72 h are reporting post-ICU impairment 6 months after leaving ICU. This is a population often excluded from studies and interventions. Future research should further explore post-ICU impairment among shorter stays.

Efficacy of Spinal Extension Exercise and Ergonomic Advice for Non-specific Low Back Pain Among University Population

Background: College students are required to sit for long periods of time in their classrooms. Prolonged sitting isdefined as sitting for more than 2 hours continuously, students usually sit in classrooms on an average of 6 to 8hours per day. Prolonged sitting has become a major risk factor causing low back pain especially among universitystudents. The recurrence of LBP at old age also increases if the person is found to have LBP at an early stage.Purpose: The objective of this research is to establish the gradual development from functional limitations innon-specific low back pain (NSLBP) among college students after spinal extension exercise and ergonomic advice.Materials and Methods: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, the subjects were identified. They wereprovided with an explanation of the study. A group of 60 subjects were recruited for this research and divided into3 groups, in which the first group was given spinal extension exercise (n=20), the second group (n=20) was givenergonomic advice and the third group (n=20) was given combination of both the interventions. The Roland-MorrisDisability Questionnaire is a 24-item self-report tool for assessing function. The entire process was performed fromNovember 2022 to April 2023.Result: From statistical analysis, the group that received spinal extension exercise combined with ergonomicadvice has better outcomes. (p=0.001)Conclusion: The spinal extension exercise given along with ergonomic advice is effective in the treatment ofNSLBP for university students.

Impact of online learning on physical activity during COVID-19 lockdown period among female undergraduate students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.

During early 2020, because of the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdown, most education systems-including universities-shifted from face-to-face classes to online learning. In Saudi Arabia, this might have contributed to a decreased level of physical activity (PA) and a concurrent increase in sedentary behaviour among young adults. This study aimed to investigate the impact of online learning on PA during the COVID-19 lockdown period among female undergraduate students in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through an online survey administered to participants. It consisted of three sections including demographic information, participants' perception towards online learning and PA, and PA level using the self-reported active-questionnaire survey tool. The association between online learning and PA was measured using linear regression. The statistical significance was set at P<0.05. A total of 197 female undergraduate students were included; 95.4% of them were aged 18-24 years old, and 59.9% were in the normal body mass index range (18.5-24.9 kg/m2). In terms of PA level, 55.3% were highly active, 33.5% were moderately active and 10.1% were low-active. In terms of students' perception of engaging in PA, 53.3% of students reported that engaging in PA definitely affected their psychological status. Moreover, compared with those attending <25 hours/week of online learning, those who attended >30 hours/week had lower PA (r=-363.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) -593.97, -132.50), followed by those attending 25-30 hours/week (r=-277.66; 95% CI -484.65, -70.66). Online learning has negatively affected the PA level of female undergraduate students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 lockdown period, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, this might affect their phycological status. Nevertheless, future studies are warranted to further investigate the relationship between PA level and psychological status.

Emotion dysregulation and psychopathological symptoms in non-clinical adolescents: The mediating role of boredom and social media use

BackgroundEmotion dysregulation, boredom, and problematic social media use are well-known vulnerability factors for psychopathology during adolescence; nevertheless, the interplay between these factors remains underinvestigated in the literature. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study aimed to explore the mediating role of boredom and problematic social media use in the relations between emotion dysregulation and both internalizing and externalizing problems in a non-clinical group of Italian adolescents.Method721 students (64.6% girls; Mage = 15.49 years ± 1.82) were involved and completed self-report tools assessing emotion dysregulation, boredom, problematic social media use, and psychopathological symptoms. Path analysis was used to test whether boredom and problematic social media use mediated the relation between emotion dysregulation and psychopathology, distinguishing between internalizing and externalizing problems.ResultsPath models showed that emotion dysregulation predicted both internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as boredom and problematic social media use. Importantly, boredom mediated the associations between emotion dysregulation and both psychopathological dimensions, while problematic social media use mediated only the relation with externalizing problems.ConclusionsOur results highlight that the influence of emotion dysregulation on psychopathology can manifest through different paths, leading to specific symptomatology based on interactions between various variables. In particular, boredom seems to be a transdiagnostic factor for psychopathology in adolescence, whereas problematic social media use would be a dimension-specific factor. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Self-reported checklists and quality scoring tools in radiomics: a meta-research.

To evaluate the use of reporting checklists and quality scoring tools for self-reporting purposes in radiomics literature. Literature search was conducted in PubMed (date, April 23, 2023). The radiomics literature was sampled at random after a sample size calculation with a priori power analysis. A systematic assessment for self-reporting, including the use of documentation such as completed checklists or quality scoring tools, was conducted in original research papers. These eligible papers underwent independent evaluation by a panel of nine readers, with three readers assigned to each paper. Automatic annotation was used to assist in this process. Then, a detailed item-by-item confirmation analysis was carried out on papers with checklist documentation, with independent evaluation of two readers. The sample size calculation yielded 117 papers. Most of the included papers were retrospective (94%; 110/117), single-center (68%; 80/117), based on their private data (89%; 104/117), and lacked external validation (79%; 93/117). Only seven papers (6%) had at least one self-reported document (Radiomics Quality Score (RQS), Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD), or Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM)), with a statistically significant binomial test (p < 0.001). Median rate of confirmed items for all three documents was 81% (interquartile range, 6). For quality scoring tools, documented scores were higher than suggested scores, with a mean difference of - 7.2 (standard deviation, 6.8). Radiomic publications often lack self-reported checklists or quality scoring tools. Even when such documents are provided, it is essential to be cautious, as the accuracy of the reported items or scores may be questionable. Current state of radiomic literature reveals a notable absence of self-reporting with documentation and inaccurate reporting practices. This critical observation may serve as a catalyst for motivating the radiomics community to adopt and utilize such tools appropriately, thereby fostering rigor, transparency, and reproducibility of their research, moving the field forward. • In radiomics literature, there has been a notable absence of self-reporting with documentation. • Even if such documents are provided, it is critical to exercise caution because the accuracy of the reported items or scores may be questionable. • Radiomics community needs to be motivated to adopt and appropriately utilize the reporting checklists and quality scoring tools.

Match and Mismatch between Lived Experiences of Daytime Sleepiness and Diagnostic Instruments: A Qualitative Study amongst Patients with Sleep Disorders.

Excessive daytime sleepiness is a common symptom of sleep disorders. Despite its prevalence, it remains difficult to define, detect, and address. The difficulties surrounding sleepiness have been linked to an ambiguous conceptualization, a large variety of scales and measures, and the overlap with other constructs, such as fatigue. The present study aims to investigate patients' descriptions of sleepiness-related daytime complaints and their phenomenology. We performed semi-directed interviews with patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (N = 15) or narcolepsy (N = 5). The interviewers took care of utilizing the participants' terminology when describing daytime complaints related to their sleep disorder. Various aspects of the daytime complaints were investigated, such as their description and temporality. The transcribed content was thematically analyzed using an eclectic coding system, yielding five themes. The participants used different interchangeable descriptors (tired, sleepy, fatigued, exhausted) to express their daytime complaints. They enriched their description with indexes of magnitude (ranging from 'not especially' to 'most gigantic, extreme'), oppositions to other states (using antipodes like energy, alertness, wakefulness, or rest), and indications of fluctuations over the day. Interestingly, the participants often used metaphors to express their experiences and their struggles. The lived experiences of the patients were found to not always align with common self-reported monitoring tools of sleepiness and to relate only in part with current conceptions. In practice, it is important to probe daytime complaints, such as daytime sleepiness, with a broader consideration, for example, by exploring antipodes, consequences, and time-of-day fluctuations.

Quantitative and qualitative initial validation of the accountable talk questionnaire

IntroductionAccountable Talk (AT) has been extensively studied as a tool for improving argumentation and respectful discourse. While several research tools exist for evaluating AT, as of yet there no self-report assessment tool to measure AT directly, on a large-scale basis, and without significant costs. The aim of the current study was to develop and provide initial validation for a self-report AT questionnaire (ATQ).MethodsOne hundred students aged 11–12 years participated in the study. Exploratory Factor Analysis, content validity, and test- retest reliability were assessed. 50 students were also randomly assigned to the qualitative part of the study. These students were recorded while discussing in small groups a topic provided by the experimenter (animal research). The qualitative data was coded and then correlated with the quantitative data obtained from the self-report questionnaire.ResultsThe results indicated that a 12-items questionnaire can reliably assess three separate and independent qualities of AT: accountability to a learning community, accountability to rigorous thinking, and accountability to accurate knowledge. The reliability of the ATQ was high with α = 0.80. The Test-retest reliability was assessed at two time points separated by a 3-week interval with Pearson correlation. Excellent correlations (r &amp;gt; 0.98) between the ATQ scores were found. The correlation coefficients between the three components of the self-reported ATQ and the observed data obtained from the group discussions were significant positive medium-high.DiscussionWe have shown that a concise 12-item questionnaire can assess the three main components of Accountable Talk within the framework of respectful discourse. The questionnaire showed good reliability and structural validity, with weak correlations between sub-topics supporting the distinction between different aspects of Accountable Talk. We suggest that the ATQ can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention programs aiming to improve students' acquisition of Accountable Talk skills.

Reliability and validity of a simplified touch experiences and attitudes questionnaire for Chinese college students.

Touch cultures have both differences and commonalities in different regions. The Touch Experiences and Attitudes Questionnaire (TEAQ) is a widely applicable self-report tool. The purpose of our research was to examine the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of TEAQ for Chinese college students. We translated the 57 items of the original TEAQ into Chinese and assessed its cultural and linguistic adaptation in Chinese context. Two samples were recruited for the assessment of validity and reliability. The Social Support Rating Scale, Index of Well-being Scale and Security Questionnaire were chosen as criterion-related validity indicators. Item analysis, principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the simplified Chinese version of TEAQ contained 18 items in three factors: Attitude to Intimate Touch, Childhood Touch and Current Positive Touch, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 57.12%. The 3-factor model had good validity and reliability. The TEAQ was positively correlated with social support, sense of security and well-being. There were demographic differences in sex and left-behind experience. We anticipate the simplified TEAQ will be a valuable tool for the research of touch among Chinese college students.

Protocol for a cluster randomized study to compare the effectiveness of a self-report distress tool and a mental health referral service to usual case management on program completion among vulnerable youthenrolled in a vocational training program.

1) To compare the effect of the self-report distress tool (DT) and rapid mental health referral process (MH) on vocational training program attendance. 2) To compare the effect of the DT and MH on vocational training program completion. 3) To compare the effect of the DT an MH on post-vocational training program employment. Pragmatic, multi-centre, 2x2 factorial, cluster randomized, superiority study with 4 parallel groups and primary endpoints of vocational program attendance and completion at 12 weeks and post-program employment at 24 months. Cluster randomization of each training cohort will be performed with a 1:1:1:1 allocation ratio using a site stratified, permuted-block group schema. Final sample size is expected to be 400 participants (100 per group). Students enrolled in Community Builder's Trades & Diversity Training Program in either the city of Barrie or Sudbury (in Ontario, Canada) will be eligible for enrollment if they have an active Ontario Health Insurance Plan number and Canadian Social Insurance Number and provide written informed consent prior to Training program commencement. The primary outcome includes: 1) Difference in proportion of absence-free program days from date of randomization, where absence-free days are defined as being present in class or work setting for ≥ 8 hours from Monday to Thursday during the 12-week program duration. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05626374 (November 23, 2022).

Psychometric properties of the Mongolian version of shitsu-taikan-sho (alexisomia) in young adults.

Objective: Alexisomia is characterized by difficulty in identifying and describing bodily feelings. Shitsu-taikan-sho scale (STSS) is a self-report tool that assesses alexisomia. This study aimed to validate the Mongolian version of STSS in a nonclinical student sample. Methods: A total of 593 undergraduate students (217 males, 376 females, 18-25 years), who were studying at medical universities, were recruited. Participants completed the Mongolian version of STSS, which was translated from Japanese to Mongolian, back-translated, and finalized by an expert committee. Construct validity was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for a three-factor structure. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were measured using Cronbach's α and the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), respectively. Results: The mean scores of STSS were 18.6 ± 5.7 for difficulty identifying bodily feelings (DIB), 18.8 ± 4.0 for overadaptation (OA), 23.7 ± 4.1 for lack of health management (LHM), and 61.1 ± 10.5 for the total score (possible range: 7-35 for DIB, OA, LHM, and 21-105 for the total score, respectively). Exploratory factor analysis indicated a three-factor structure consisting of 21 items that explained 40.3% of the variance (KMO = 0.916, RMSEA = 0.049, χ2 = 372, p < .001). Confirmatory factor analysis provided a good fit to the data (CFI = 0.876, TLI = 0.861, RMSEA = 0.068, χ2 = 703, p < .001). Cronbach's alpha for the STSS was 0.860, indicating good internal consistency. Test-retest reliability analysis demonstrated good reliability (ICC = 0.791). Conclusion: The 21-item Mongolian version of STSS demonstrated evidence of good reliability and validity for assessing alexisomia in a nonclinical population in Mongolia. This suggests that the Mongolian version of the STSS may allow for the comparison of alexisomia among adults in Mongolia with those in other countries.