Self-report Study Research Articles

Students Know Best: Modeling the Influence of Self-Reported Proficiency, TOEIC Scores, Gender, and Study Experience on Foreign Language Anxiety

Understanding how second language proficiency and other key learner characteristics relate to language learning anxiety subcomponents can help inform the type and quantity of content instructors approach foreign language (FL) students with when teaching English. This study seeks to understand how FL proficiency (i.e., TOEIC reading, TOEIC listening, and self-reported), FL study experience, and gender influence levels of foreign language classroom anxiety and second language writing anxiety. To accomplish the research goals, 245 students completed a questionnaire measuring foreign language classroom anxiety and second language writing anxiety. Three hierarchical linear regressions were used to test the study’s models, and structural equation modeling was used to confirm and illustrate the observed relationships. Overall, self-reported FL proficiency was a stronger predictor of anxiety than actual FL proficiency. Findings further indicate that FL listening and self-reported proficiency significantly negatively correlate with FL speaking anxiety but not writing anxiety. Only FL reading proficiency significantly influenced FL writing anxiety; however, this relationship disappeared when self-reported FL proficiency was added to the model. Further, differences in how FL proficiency influences FL anxiety when controlling for years of experience studying EFL and gender are discussed. Recommendations on how instructors can approach language instruction to assist highly anxious students in the EFL context are also discussed.

The Association between Fibromyalgia, Hypermobility and Neurodivergence Extends To Families: Brief Report

Objectives: Fibromyalgia is associated with symptomatic hypermobility. People with these conditions have a higher prevalence of neurodivergent conditions. Many fibromyalgia patients with hypermobility also report similar symptoms within their family. This study explores the presence of diagnosed disorders among close relatives of patients presenting with fibromyalgia and hypermobility. Methods: All patients presenting with both fibromyalgia and hypermobility to the rheumatology clinic were invited to participate. Each of these participants reported all confirmed diagnoses of any of neurodivergence, fibromyalgia or hypermobility among their first- and second-degree relatives. Participants were invited to prepare a family tree detailing these diagnoses. We calculated the incidence of each of neurodivergence, fibromyalgia and hypermobility within these relatives and compared them to the incidence derived from families of case-control patients with osteoarthritis. Results: Among 13 index patients (all female, median age 38 years), 9 had a diagnosed neurodivergent condition (69%). Among their 163 relatives, 68 (42%) had a diagnosed neurodivergent condition, compared to 4.7% among case-control relatives (p>0.00001). The incidence of diagnosed hypermobility and fibromyalgia in relatives of index cases was 36% and 22%, compared to 8% and 4% in case-control relatives (p=0.00001, p=0.00012). Conclusion: This self-reported small case-control study confirms the association of fibromyalgia, hypermobility and neurodivergence, and suggests that close relatives also exhibit this association. Females are disproportionately overrepresented within pain populations, in contrast to neurodivergence in other settings where males predominate, perhaps due to underdiagnosis in females. Gene clustering may contribute to these associations, which extend into the community.

Adherence to 24-hr Activity Guidelines and Quality of Life in Singapore Children: A Self-Reported Survey Study

There are limited data on how the lifestyle behaviours of school-aged children in Singapore fare against the Singapore Integrated 24-hr Activity Guidelines. One hundred and thirty-eight children ages 9 to 13 years self-reported their recreational screen time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), night-time sleep duration, and health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in a survey package. Their lifestyle behaviours were then benchmarked against the Singapore Integrated 24-hr Activity Guidelines recommendations, specifically, (i) at least 1 hr/day of MVPA, (ii) no more than 2 hr/day of recreational screen time, and 7-9 hr/day of sleep. Association between the number of guideline recommendations met and HRQoL z-scores were explored. Of the 138 children, 6.5% met all three guideline recommendations while 29.0% did not meet any guideline recommendations. MVPA guideline recommendation was least adhered to followed by recreational screen time and sleep. The number of guideline recommendations met was significantly associated with children’s HRQoL, with an increase of 0.289 in HRQoL z-score (5.9%) for every additional guideline met. The 24-hr activity behaviours of Singapore children was sub-optimal in which the proportion of children who did not meet any guideline recommendations is higher than those who met all guideline recommendations. Nonetheless, larger cohort studies are needed to establish its prevalence. Greater dissemination of the guidelines and ameliorative programs targeted at different groups of children should be made to help support children in adopting healthy lifestyle habits.

P36 A cross-sectional patient survey in a tertiary hidradenitis suppurativa clinic

Abstract Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects approximately 0.8% of the UK population. A survey was carried out among patients attending a tertiary HS clinic with the aim of better understanding the management of HS in primary care, and identifying the prevalence of associated risk factors. A total of 212 of the 552 patients (38.4%) invited chose to participate. The length of time patients had experienced symptoms before consulting their general practitioner (GP) was variable with 33.8% (n = 63) of participants reporting symptoms for 3–10 years and 26.3% (n = 49) experiencing symptoms for > 10 years. The majority of patients were given a diagnosis in secondary care (n = 103; 55.4%) and 28.5% (n = 53) by their GP. In primary care, treatments prescribed included topical treatment and antimicrobial washes (n = 107; 65.2%). Just over half (n = 84; 51.2%) were prescribed short and extended courses of antibiotics. Looking at lifestyle factors, 31.5% (n = 52) were current and 27.9% ex-smokers (n = 46). The majority (n = 108; 65.5%) identified themselves as being overweight, with 67.8% (n = 112) wanting to lose weight. Almost a third of patients (n = 107; 64.5%) did not carry out exercise regularly (defined as cardiovascular exercise three times weekly). Eighty per cent (n = 132) of patients reported that they had not received any psychological support for HS, either from primary or from secondary care. This study highlights that only a small proportion of patients with HS were diagnosed by their GP, with the majority receiving a diagnosis from their secondary care physician. A self-reported lack of confidence by GPs in diagnosing HS has historically been highlighted. Despite this lack of confidence, this study demonstrates good adherence to existing UK recommendations for the initial treatment of HS when the diagnosis is made. The negative effects of lifestyle factors on HS, such as smoking and obesity, are well recognized. Despite this, over half of patients in this study who were current smokers had not been offered referral to a smoking cessation service. This study underscores the need to screen for depression and anxiety in patients with HS and improve access to psychology services. This patient self-reported study gives an insight into the importance of providing holistic care for patients with HS. As GPs gain confidence in the diagnosis and initial management of HS, an awareness of associated lifestyle changes and comorbidities can further enhance the holistic care of patients with HS in primary care.

Can a Mother's Parenting Style Predict Adolescent Oral Hygiene Behavior? A Self-Reported Cross-Sectional Study.

Adolescent oral hygiene behavior plays a crucial role into adulthood and still requires attention from parents, especially mothers. Parenting done by the mother will directly affect the child's life, including the child's oral hygiene behavior. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the mother's parenting style in predicting adolescent oral hygiene behavior. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach was used to examine the role of parenting style on their teenage child's oral hygiene behavior. The instruments used were (1) a parenting style measuring instrument to measure supportive and nonsupportive parenting styles of mothers (parent as social context questionnaire) and (2) a self-structured oral hygiene behavior measuring instrument based on the theory of planned behavior. The population of this study were students at SMP PGRI Depok and SMP Negeri 11 Depok, West Java, aged between 12 and 14 years. The sampling technique used total sampling on SMP PGRI students and multistage random sampling on students at SMP Negeri 11 Depok with a total sample of 230 students. Data analysis was done using multiple linear regression test. Statistical regression tests showed that nonsupportive parenting style did not predict adolescent oral hygiene behavior (p = 0.567), while supportive parenting style did predict adolescent oral hygiene behavior (p = 0.000). Supportive parenting style predicts 31.2% of adolescent oral hygiene behavior. Mother's supportive parenting style plays a role in predicting adolescent oral hygiene, and the mother's nonsupportive parenting style does not play a role in predicting adolescent oral hygiene behavior.

University campus breastfeeding, knowledge, and perceptions of support: An exploratory study.

Breastfeeding is often considered principally a biological issue but success is impacted by the socio-ecological environment of the lactating parent. Identifying current attitudes towards breastfeeding is essential in the effort toward normalizing breastfeeding in communities, including university campuses. The study explored campus community knowledge, awareness, and attitudes about breastfeeding, including available resources and applicable laws on two university campuses in the southern United States. This cross-sectional, self-reporting study utilized the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale and an adaptation of the Breastfeeding Behavior Questionnaire to survey a convenience sample. Results revealed decreased awareness of protective laws, availability of private lactation space, and insufficient public appreciation of breastfeeding's unique advantages to both lactating parent and infant as barriers to breastfeeding. These findings will help develop additional breastfeeding strategies to improve university campus community breastfeeding initiatives.

Analysis of neurological disorders in people who had COVID-19 in Brazil

Introduction: After coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) infection, many patients have residual and persistent neurological symptoms. The severity and extent of these symptoms is still unknown Methods: Over 1 year, a virtual questionnaire was applied, using Google Forms, to people who had confirmed COVID-19 infection in Brazil, analyzing the neurological symptoms that persisted after infection, their duration and the relationship between them and the severity of the acute infection. Findings: Out of 1194 people who answered the questionnaire, 947 (79.5%) were eligible for symptoms analysis. Among these patients, 6.8% needed hospitalization (39.2% of them required oxygen therapy and 26.6% needed orotracheal intubation). The incidence of symptoms were headache (65,8%), smell disfunction (59,6%), taste disfunction (51,8%), muscle weakness (51,8%), memory impairment (42,8%), dizziness (37,7%), mental confusion (22,4%), difficulty walking (20%), and visual changes (9,1%). In most cases, symptoms improved within a month, despite a significant percentage of patients persisting with symptoms for several months. However, memory impairment was significantly more persistent, with 39.7% of the patients having it for more than a year. And this was frequent even in those who did not need hospitalization in the acute phase of the disease, with 24.2% of all nonhospitalized patients having this complain for more than 6 months. Interpretation: Many COVID-19 patients have persistent neurological symptoms after the acute infection has ended. In some cases the symptoms can last a long time. Despite being a self-reported study, it is very likely that there is a significant functional impact in this population and it is clear that we need to research effective therapeutic strategies for these conditions.

Subjective cognitive decline across ethnoracial groups in the A4 study.

The associations between subjective cognitive decline (SCD),cognition,and amyloid were explored across diverse participants in the A4 study. Five thousand one hundred and fifty-one non-Hispanic White, 262 non-Hispanic Black, 179 Hispanic-White, and 225 Asian participants completed the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC),self- and study partner-reported Cognitive Function Index (CFI). A subsample underwent amyloid positron emission tomography (18 F-florbetapir) (N=4384). We examined self-reported CFI, PACC, amyloid, and study partner-reported CFI by ethnoracial group. The associations between PACC-CFI and amyloid-CFI were moderated by race. The relationships were weaker or non-significant in non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic White groups. Depression and anxiety scores were stronger predictors of CFI in these groups. Despite group differences in the types of study partners, self- and study partner-CFI were congruent across groups. SCD may not uniformly relate to cognition or AD biomarkers in different ethnoracial groups. Nonetheless, self- and study partner-SCD were congruent despite differences in study partner type. Highlights Association between SCD and objective cognition was moderated by ethnoracial group. Association between SCD and amyloid was moderated by ethnoracial group. Depression and anxiety were stronger predictors of SCD in Black and Hispanic groups. Study-partner and self-reported SCD are congruent across groups. Study-partner report was consistent despite difference in study partner types.

Profiling post-COVID-19 condition across different variants of SARS-CoV-2: a prospective longitudinal study in unvaccinated wild-type, unvaccinated alpha-variant, and vaccinated delta-variant populations

Self-reported symptom studies rapidly increased understanding of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic and enabled monitoring of long-term effects of COVID-19 outside hospital settings. Post-COVID-19 condition presents as heterogeneous profiles, which need characterisation to enable personalised patient care. We aimed to describe post-COVID-19 condition profiles by viral variant and vaccination status. In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, we analysed data from UK-based adults (aged 18-100 years) who regularly provided health reports via the Covid Symptom Study smartphone app between March 24, 2020, and Dec 8, 2021. We included participants who reported feeling physically normal for at least 30 days before testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 who subsequently developed long COVID (ie, symptoms lasting longer than 28 days from the date of the initial positive test). We separately defined post-COVID-19 condition as symptoms that persisted for at least 84 days after the initial positive test. We did unsupervised clustering analysis of time-series data to identify distinct symptom profiles for vaccinated and unvaccinated people with post-COVID-19 condition after infection with the wild-type, alpha (B.1.1.7), or delta (B.1.617.2 and AY.x) variants of SARS-CoV-2. Clusters were then characterised on the basis of symptom prevalence, duration, demography, and previous comorbidities. We also used an additional testing sample with additional data from the Covid Symptom Study Biobank (collected between October, 2020, and April, 2021) to investigate the effects of the identified symptom clusters of post-COVID-19 condition on the lives of affected people. We included 9804 people from the COVID Symptom Study with long COVID, 1513 (15%) of whom developed post-COVID-19 condition. Sample sizes were sufficient only for analyses of the unvaccinated wild-type, unvaccinated alpha variant, and vaccinated delta variant groups. We identified distinct profiles of symptoms for post-COVID-19 condition within and across variants: four endotypes were identified for infections due to the wild-type variant (in unvaccinated people), seven for the alpha variant (in unvaccinated people), and five for the delta variant (in vaccinated people). Across all variants, we identified a cardiorespiratory cluster of symptoms, a central neurological cluster, and a multi-organ systemic inflammatory cluster. These three main clusers were confirmed in a testing sample. Gastrointestinal symptoms clustered in no more than two specific phenotypes per viral variant. Our unsupervised analysis identified different profiles of post-COVID-19 condition, characterised by differing symptom combinations, durations, and functional outcomes. Our classification could be useful for understanding the distinct mechanisms of post-COVID-19 condition, as well as for identification of subgroups of individuals who might be at risk of prolonged debilitation. UK Government Department of Health and Social Care, Chronic Disease Research Foundation, The Wellcome Trust, UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK Research and Innovation London Medical Imaging & Artificial Intelligence Centre for Value-Based Healthcare, UK National Institute for Health Research, UK Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, UK Alzheimer's Society, and ZOE.

Misconduct in Biomedical Research: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

This study aimed to assess the nature and prevalence of misconduct in self and nonself-reported biomedical research. A detailed review of previously conducted studies was conducted through PubMed Central, PubMed, and Google Scholar using MeSH terms: "scientific misconduct," "Publications," "plagiarism," and "authorship," and keywords: scientific misconduct, gift authorship, ghost authorship, and duplicate publication. MeSH terms and keywords were searched in combinations using Boolean operators "AND" and "OR." Of 7771 articles that appeared in the search, 107 were selected for inspection. The articles were screened for their quality and inclusion criteria. Finally, 16 articles were selected for meta-analysis. Data analysis was conducted using an Open-Source, Open Meta Analyst, statistical software using the package "metaphor." Plagiarism, data fabrication, and falsification were prevalent in most articles reviewed. The prevalence of research misconduct for plagiarism was 4.2% for self-reported and 27.9% for nonself-reported studies. Data fabrication was 4.5% in self-reported and 21.7% in nonself-reported studies. Data falsification was 9.7% in self-reported and 33.4% in nonself-reported studies, with significant heterogeneity. This meta-analysis gives a pooled estimate of the misconduct in research done in biomedical fields such as medicine, dental, pharmacy, and others across the world. We found that there is an alarming rate of misconduct in recent nonself-reported studies, and they were higher than that in the self-reported studies.

A systematic review of meaningful work unifying 20 years of theoretical and substantive contributions (2000–2020)

PurposeMeaningful work is gaining importance in the core domains of human resources research. However, there is confusion regarding what constitutes meaningful work and its determinants and outcomes. Earlier studies have conflated conceptual and empirical arguments. Hence, researchers lack clear insights into factors related to employees' experiences of meaningfulness. This study aims to discuss the aforementioned issue.Design/methodology/approachThe authorsconducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of 88 studies (2000–2020) meeting relevant criteria to identify dominant trends and significant gaps in the authors’ understanding of meaningful work.FindingsThis review identified six aspects to conceptualize meaningful work. At the same time, the authors highlighted the dominant theory and the instrument used to explain and measure meaningful work. Based on the same, the authors identified different groups of individual and organizational-level determinants and outcomes of finding meaning in work. The analysis also indicates that the comprehension of meaningful work was restricted because most data were obtained from the USA, Europe and certain regions of Asia. During this assessment, the authors observed that several studies emphasized individual-level effects, self-reporting and cross-sectional studies, which restricted the ability to make causal inferences.Originality/valueThis study extends earlier works where the authors stock-take existing research for the past 20 years and build on past trajectories to enrich the authors’ understanding of meaningful work. Unlike earlier works that focused on a specific domain, such as human resource development, this work differentiates by taking an integrated framework-based approach leveraging the antecedents, decisions and outcomes (ADO) and the theories, contexts and method (TCM) framework to consolidate and advance knowledge in the field thoroughly.

Increasing employer willingness to hire people with disability: the perspective of disability employment service providers

PurposeThis study aims to investigate which factors are associated with the willingness of employers to hire people with disability from the perspective of disability employment service providers. We also identify social marketing approaches that disability employment service providers consider to be most effective in increasing employer willingness to hire people with disability.Design/methodology/approachUsing the framework of the theory of planned behavior, this study examines the association of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control with employer willingness to hire people with disability. The authors do this from the perspective of disability employment service providers, who are responsible for matching people with disability with suitable employment opportunities. The authors used a qualitative approach to data collection and conducted 30 in-depth interviews. Data analysis included deductive and inductive coding to develop the themes and subthemes.FindingsAttitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control were all perceived to influence employers’ willingness to hire people with disability. However, the importance of each construct was perceived to differ by location and organization type. Three key social marketing approaches were perceived to be most effective in increasing employer willingness to hire people with disability: educational, relational and interactive. The educational intervention attempts to increase employers’ knowledge about disability, the relational approach aims to develop relationships within the community to strengthen relationships with employers and the interactive approach involves direct contact between employers and people with disability.Originality/valueTheoretically, this study reveals perceived heterogeneity in terms of the theoretical constructs that are employer hiring decisions. Practically, results help disability employment service providers design social marketing strategies that are effective in reducing barriers and increasing employment for people with disability. Methodologically, this study adds a new perspective on employer willingness to hire people with disability – that of disability employment service providers – which avoids the social desirability bias found in many self-reported studies of employer attitudes and behavior.

A study on the attitude of Polish psychotherapists towards online therapy - Polish adaptation of the UTAUT-T (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology - Therapist version) and verification of the UTAUT-T model.

The aim of the study was to verify the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology - Therapist version (UTAUT-T) and to verify the UTAUT-T model in a group of Polish psychotherapists. A total of 434 people aged 27-66 (M = 40.78; SD = 7.70), including 337 women and 58 men, took part in an online self-report study, which involved completing three questionnaires: UTAUT-T, the short IPIP-BFM-20 Questionnaire for measuring the Big Five, the Technology Readiness Index (TRI 2.0), as well as answers to questions about the use of digital technologies at work. The following analyses were carried out: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability analysis using Cronbach's alpha, and theoretical validity analysis - an analysis of the correlation between the subscales of the UTAUT-T instrument and questionnaires enabling the measurement of dimensions which had been indicated in previous research results as related to the acceptance of technology. The conducted analyses showed that the factor structure of the Polish version of UTAUT-T is the same as of the original tool, and the UTAUT-T model was confirmed in the group of Polish psychotherapists. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for individual subscales ranged from 0.57 to 0.97. The theoretical validity analysis confirmed the expected correlations between most dimensions of technology acceptance and technology readiness. In addition, there were single very weak correlations observed between technology acceptance and personality traits. The psychometric properties of the Polish version of UTAUT-T show satisfactory values. The scale can be used to conduct further research. The UTAUT-T model can be utilized to predict the actual use of new technologies by Polish psychotherapists.

The riddle of deliberate self-harm: Physiological and subjective effects of self-cutting cues in patients with borderline personality disorder and healthy controls.

Self-harming behavior is a core symptom of borderline personality disorder. Self-report studies show a correlation between a lack of self-reported negative feelings toward self-cutting cues and the likelihood of future self-destructive behavior. Despite these findings, there has so far been insufficient investigation into the implicit emotional processes evoked by this stimulus type. Forty patients with borderline personality disorder and 35 healthy controls between 20 and 50 years of age were confronted with pictures of self-cutting cues and affective reference pictures. A startle reflex paradigm was used for measuring implicit emotional responses, and the Self-Assessment Manikin was used for subjective responses. In line with previous studies, the patients rated the self-cutting pictures significantly less negatively than healthy individuals. On the physiological level, a significant startle inhibition was observed, indicating an activation of the behavioral approach system. A more detailed analysis showed that this startle inhibition effect was specific to scary pictures, whereas no such effect was observed for bloody wounds and self-cutting instruments. For pleasant standard pictures, in contrast, no startle reflex inhibition and no increase in emotional arousal parameters were found. The data replicate the findings of previous studies, demonstrating a generally diminished emotional reactivity to pleasant stimuli in patients with borderline personality disorder. In addition, a physiological approach reaction to self-cutting pictures was found, especially for the scary pictures. These results might indicate a positive identification with the long-lasting consequences of self-cutting behavior in the patients. Implications for therapy are discussed.

The structure of adolescent mental health problems: The role of effortful control and school safety.

Adolescent mental health problems are widespread; however, there are still very few data on risk and protective factors for general and specific psychopathology. This study examined the structure of common mental health problems in Russian adolescents and the associations of temperamental effortful control and perceived school safety to the latent factors of adolescent mental health, taking age and gender into account. Data were collected on 1850 adolescents (53% female) aged 12-18 using the self-report Eurasian Child Mental Health Study questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the abbreviated Effortful Control scale of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the structure of common mental health problems and to examine the associations with age, effortful control, and school safety. The five-correlated-factors model comprising internalizing, body dissatisfaction, psychosomatics, externalizing, and substance use, and the bifactor-(S-1) models with internalizing and externalizing as reference domains and four specific factors showed an adequate fit to the data and sufficient reliability and validity. Analyses established full metric invariance of these models across gender. Effortful control showed a general association with adolescent mental health problems and a specific association with externalizing problems. School safety showed specific negative associations with externalizing and substance use and with girls' internalizing problems. These findings provide a strong basis for further cross-cultural research into the structure and determinants of adolescent mental health and highlight the need for effective interventions.

Sleep impairments in refugees diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder: a polysomnographic and self-report study

ABSTRACT Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the clinical manifestation of traumatic events and is associated with sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances, if left untreated, may perpetuate or even worsen symptoms of PTSD. Previous studies of other PTSD populations show a higher incidence of sleep impairments and sleep disorders compared to healthy controls (HCs); however, this has never been investigated in trauma-affected refugees diagnosed with PTSD. Objectives: To examine subjective sleep quality, measure sleep architecture, and identify latent sleep disorders in refugees diagnosed with PTSD compared to HCs. Method: This comparative study included 20 trauma-affected refugees diagnosed with PTSD and 20 HC matched on age, sex, and body mass index. All participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing sleep quality, insomnia severity, and disturbing nocturnal behaviour, and all took part in a one-night polysomnography (PSG) assessment. Results: Patients reported significantly poorer subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, and sleep efficiency compared to HCs. Subjective reports on hours spent in bed were not significantly different between patients and HCs. Patients reported significantly higher nightmare frequency and severity compared to HCs. PSG measures showed that patients had significantly reduced sleep efficiency, more awakenings, and longer REM sleep latency, and spent more time awake, whereas there was no significant differences regarding total time in bed, total sleep time, or sleep latency. The prevalence of sleep disorders was equal between groups. Conclusions: The study identified significant impairments in several sleep domains, with a preponderance of disturbed regulation of sleep resulting in awakenings. These results indicate a need for more focus on hyperarousal and nightmares as key elements of disturbed sleep in PTSD. Furthermore, the study identified a discrepancy between subjective and objective measures concerning total sleep time, raising questions regarding the causes of ‘sleep state misperception’. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03535636.. Trial registration: Sleep Impairments in Refugees Diagnosed with PTSD (PSG-PTSD). URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03535636. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03535636. Date of registration: 24/05/2018.

Introducing the READY Study: DHH Young people's Well-Being and Self-Determination.

READY is a self-report prospective longitudinal study of deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) young people aged 16 to 19 years on entry. Its overarching aim is to explore the risk and protective factors for successful transition to adulthood. This article introduces the cohort of 163 DHH young people, background characteristics and study design. Focusing on self-determination and subjective well-being only, those who completed the assessments in written English (n =133) score significantly lower than general population comparators. Sociodemographic variables explain very little of the variance in well-being scores; higher levels of self-determination are a predictor of higher levels of well-being, outweighing the influence of any background characteristics. Although women and those who are LGBTQ+ have statistically significantly lower well-being scores, these aspects of their identity are not predictive risk factors. These results add to the case for self-determination interventions to support better well-being amongst DHH young people.

A Systematic Review of Studies Exploring Help-Seeking Strategies in Online Learning Environments

Adaptive help-seeking as a learning strategy can influence learners' learning outcomes. Learners in online learning environments need more self-regulation and especially more help-seeking strategies. A systematic review was conducted to explore help-seeking strategies in online learning environments. A search on help-seeking strategies in online environments in Educational Research Information Center (ERIC) and PsycInfo yielded 36 peer-reviewed articles that met the inclusion criteria for this study. Karabenick and Knapp’s categories of help-seeking (formal help-seeking, informal help-seeking, instrumental activities, lowering performance aspirations, and altering goals) were used to review the strategies employed by students in online learning. The results show that there is an extreme lack of research on learners’ psychological decision-making process when they lower performance aspirations or alter their goals. Moreover, most studies focus on the learners’ formal and informal help-seeking behaviors in online settings. Since much research has been limited to small case studies that are not always generalizable, future studies are encouraged to include more instructional contexts and personal variables like gender, age, educational background, and mastery of computer skills. To avoid biases that may occur in self-reporting studies, recommendations are made for future studies that use more subjective methods to trace their actual help-seeking behaviors.

Comprehensive Custom-Pak® in Cataract and Vitreoretinal Surgery in Canadian Hospitals: Time and Budget Impact Analysis.

Surgical procedure packs are commonly used in ophthalmological surgeries, but quantitative evidence demonstrating the time efficiency and economic impact of their use is limited. Evaluating the time and cost of surgical pack use is particularly important for publicly funded healthcare systems with tight budgets and/or an emphasis on value-based care. This study sought to estimate the economic impact of comprehensive surgical pack use in cataract and vitreoretinal (retina) surgeries across operating room (OR), materials management, and accounting departments in Canada. A budget impact model developed for the United States (US) from a self-reported cross-sectional study was adapted for Canada. The US study obtained data via an online survey and timing exercises of surgical procedures. The model was adapted using relevant Canadian-specific labor and cost inputs. Use of generic commodity packs (no proprietary equipment-specific supplies) was compared to full utilization of Custom-Pak®, a comprehensive pack (disposables plus equipment-specific supplies) in cataract and retina surgeries at the facility and aggregate group (provincewide) levels. Switching from generic to comprehensive pack use in all 2500 cataract procedures at a community hospital saves 287 labor hours per year, primarily in the materials management department. Surgery preparation (OR) hours saved allow for an additional 196 potential procedures annually. Most of the Canadian Dollar (CAD) $39,815 annual cost savings are realized for the OR. Aggregating across 50,000 cataract surgeries at the provincial level yields savings of 5608 hours and 3916 additional procedures, translating to hidden cost reductions of CAD$790,632 annually. Implementing full Custom-Pak use at the facility level in 1000 retina cases saves $10,650 annually; provincewide, 127 potential additional procedures can be gained. Comprehensive Custom-Pak use improves efficiency in cataract and retina surgeries saving substantial time and cost in Canadian hospitals, potentially allowing more patients to have these procedures, and reducing wait times.

Abstract P3-03-24: The WISDOM Study: Early Ascertainment of Breast Cancer Diagnoses by Utilizing Self-Reported Questionnaires and Data Warehouse Electronic Health Records

Abstract BACKGROUND WISDOM (Women Informed to Screen Depending on Measures of risk) is a pragmatic trial comparing the safety, efficacy, cost, and patient acceptability of personalized versus annual breast cancer screening in women ages 40-74 years with no personal history of breast cancer. Cancer registry reporting is considered the gold standard for ascertaining cancer diagnosis data; however, the time lag between diagnosis and reporting (1-2 years or more) by the California Cancer Registry (CCR) presents challenges. The WISDOM study must quickly ascertain and report accurate cancer diagnoses to the Data Safety Monitoring Board; delays could lead to preventable harm, unnecessary costs, and unwarranted early trial termination. To ascertain cancer diagnoses in a timely manner, we used multiple data collection methods and compared self-reported with Electronic Health Records (EHR) information, and in some cases verified with chart review. Specifically, we conducted a procedural study with WISDOM participants who sought care at a University of California (UC) health system by extracting their data from the University of California Data Warehouse (UCDW) to 1) verify self-reported breast cancer diagnoses in WISDOM; 2) ensure that all on-study breast cancer diagnoses have been captured within the WISDOM study cohort; and 3) assess the accuracy and reliability of self-reported data. The UCDW provides harmonized EHR data from the six University of California (UC) health systems and constitutes ~120 billion data points from 7.8 million patient records. METHODS We provided the UCDW with a list of WISDOM participants who indicated they had sought care from a UC health system. Participants with recorded breast cancer diagnostic code (ICD-10CM C50.) were matched with the WISDOM self-reported cancer dataset to uncover participants who had no recorded breast cancer diagnosis in the study system. For those individuals with no recorded self-report diagnosis, coordinators conducted manual chart review to determine whether the participants had been diagnosed with breast cancer. RESULTS This cohort included 11,314 enrolled WISDOM participants who self-reported care at a UC and had at least one diagnostic or procedural breast care code. Among these participants, 160 had a ICD-10-CM C50 breast cancer diagnostic code of which 132 breast cancer cases were confirmed: 111 were already self-reported through WISDOM and 21 additional confirmed breast cancer cases were identified through the UCDW. As a standard process, only WISDOM self-reported cancer cases that were confirmed by chart review are entered into the study database. The percentage of confirmed UCDW-identified cases that were not also self-reported was greater for recent diagnoses (16% overall and 6% for period prior to June 2020). Among the 11,314 participants in our cohort, the CCR identified 61 pre-June 2020 cancer diagnoses. Of these 61 diagnoses, 92% (56) were identified by the UCDW procedural process. If the UCDW had been used as the single source for cancer diagnosis, 21 participants without cancer and 7 participants with unclear status (unlocated or inaccessible records) would have been classified as cancer cases. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Self-reported data provides quick ascertainment with relative accuracy compared to cancer registry. Cancer ascertainment can be further improved by combining self-reported data with EHR data from a health system data warehouse registry, particularly for self-reported questionnaire issues such as timing and lack of response. Accuracy of self-reported cancer diagnosis from annually distributed questionnaires improves over time. Identifying cancer diagnosis discordance between data sources can inform processes to improve self-reported study accuracy. Citation Format: Katherine Leggat-Barr, Rita H. Ryu, Allison Stover Fiscalini, Tomiyuri Lewis, Rohini S. Bulusu, Samrrah A. Raouf, Hannah Lui Park, Alyssa N. Rocha, Liliana Johansen, Laura Van ’t Veer, Laura J. Esserman, Michael A. Hogarth. The WISDOM Study: Early Ascertainment of Breast Cancer Diagnoses by Utilizing Self-Reported Questionnaires and Data Warehouse Electronic Health Records [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-03-24.