Self-regulated Learning Profiles Research Articles

Differences in students' metacognitive strategy knowledge, motivation, and strategy use: A typology of self-regulated learners

ABSTRACTMetacognitive strategy knowledge, motivation, and learning strategies play an important role in self-regulated learning (SRL). However, little is known about different profiles of self-regulated learners in schools that prepare students for the university entrance certificate. The aim of this study was to examine intraindividual differences in the patterns of students' SRL. In this 2-wave longitudinal study, 897 students were involved. Latent class analyses revealed four-cluster solutions at the beginning as well as at the end of the school year. Maximal self-regulated learners with the highest levels on all cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational components of SRL reported the highest grades in the academic subject of German (first language) at both measurement points, followed by motivated and strategic learners. Students with a low level on several SRL components reported the lowest grades. Further, the results indicated changes in profiles of SRL over time.

Using multiple, contextualized data sources to measure learners’ perceptions of their self-regulated learning

As theory and research in self-regulated learning (SRL) advance, debate continues about how to measure SRL as strategic, fine-grained, dynamic adaptations learners make during and between study sessions. Recognizing learners’ perceptions are critical to the strategic adaptations they make during studying, this research examined the unique contributions of self-report data for understanding regulation as it develops over time. Data included (a) scores on the Regulation of Learning Questionnaire (RLQ) completed in the first and last few weeks of a 13-week course and (b) diary-like Weekly Reflections completed over 11 weeks. Participants were 263 undergraduate students in a course about SRL. First, exploratory factor analysis resulted in a five-factor model of the RLQ with factors labeled Task Understanding, Goal Setting, Monitoring, Evaluating, and Adapting. Second, latent class analysis of Time 1 and 2 RLQ scores revealed four classes: emergent regulators, moderate regulators, high regulators with emergent adapting, and high regulators. Finally, in-depth qualitative analysis of Weekly Reflections resulted in group SRL profiles based on a sub-sample of participants from each RLQ class. Qualitatively, these groups were labeled: unengaged regulators, active regulators, struggling regulators, and emergent regulators. Quantitative and qualitative SRL profiles were juxtaposed and similarities and differences discussed. This paper explicates and discusses the critical importance of sampling self-reports of SRL over time and tasks particularly in contexts where regulation is developing.

“Learning to learn” in Nursing Higher Education

Objective. This study sought to evaluate improvement in self-directed learning by nursing students at Universidad de Valladolid (Spain) after using problem-based learning methodology. 
 Methodology. Ours was a quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test of a single group. The sample consisted of 127 of a 135 total of students from the 2nd degree course in Nursing enrolled in the Sexual and Reproductive Health assignment and who had the opportunity to attend all problem-based learning tutorials in the classroom and student group meetings outside the classroom. The Self-Directed Profile Inquiry Questionnaire instrument (CIPA, for the term in Spanish) by Cazares and Aceves was used for the self-regulated profile assessment, which consists of 41 reactives with options 1-5; the lower the score the better the profile for self-direction. It has five components: planning and selection of strategies, self-regulation and motivation, independence and autonomy, use of experience and critical conscience and interdependence, and social value. 
 Results. The mean age was 23 years, 84.4% were women. The students had a very good scores in their self-regulated learning profile before using problem-based learning (82.5), and after its application, they showed a statistically significant improvement (74.2) both in the overall score and in each of its components. 
 Conclusion. The students' self-regulated profile improved after using problem-based learning, a finding that is of utmost importance to achieve autonomy and self-regulation in learning. The development of the ''learning to learn'' skill allows learning for life, which is necessary in 21st century nursing professionals.

Self-Regulated Learning Strategies of Engineering College Students While Learning Electric Circuit Concepts with Enhanced Guided Notes

The current study evaluated engineering college students’ self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies while learning electric circuit concepts using enhanced guided notes (EGN). Our goal was to describe how students exercise SRL strategies and how their grade performance changes after using EGN. Two research questions guided the study: (1) To what degree students’ grade performance change after using the EGN?; and (2) To what degree students’ SRL profiles change after using the EGN? The subjects for this study were 97 engineering students enrolled in the Fundamental Electronics for Engineers course at a university in Utah. A survey instrument developed using Butler and Cartier’s SRL model was used to capture SRL strategies with a focus on the sixth feature which includes including planning, monitoring, and regulating. Regular examinations and the DC/AC conceptual inventory were used to assess grade performance. Descriptive statistics, independent and paired t-tests, and a cluster analysis technique were used to analyze survey data. A phenomenological data analysis was used to analyze interview transcripts to support findings from questionnaire data. The findings revealed an improvement on students’ grade performance. Data analysis of the SRL survey revealed that students’ had different SRL profiles. Students in the improved group reported a greater awareness of planning, monitoring, and regulating strategies. On the other hand, those in the declined group showed a lower awareness of the SRL strategies at the end of semester. In addition, emergent themes related to students’ SRL and learning experience while using the EGN were found. This article will also discuss the potential implications for electric circuit concepts instructions.

Children's self‐regulated learning profile in language and mathematics: The role of task value beliefs

AbstractThis study explored the self‐regulated learning (SRL) profile of upper elementary (fifth and sixth grade) school children who were differentiated in their task value beliefs (low and high) in language and mathematics. Students' SRL profile involved their teachers' ratings of achievement outcomes and SRL behaviors. The subscale of task value beliefs from the Motivational Self‐Regulated Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was administered to the children, and their teachers completed a battery of scales and measurements concerning students' achievement and SRL behaviors. The results confirm previous evidence indicating that SRL involves high levels of motivation, metacognition, and strategic action. Furthermore, the results support the domain‐specific character of task value beliefs. Differences in teachers' evaluations about the achievement outcomes and SRL behaviors regarding the two groups of students (low and high in task value beliefs) were found significant mostly in the domain of mathematics. Students with high value beliefs in mathematics were described as more cognitively, metacognitively, and motivationally competent learners as compared to students with lower value beliefs. The results suggest that future intervention studies should focus on strengthening task value beliefs in “threatening” school subjects, such as mathematics, from the elementary school years. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Profiles in self-regulated learning in the online learning environment

Individuals who are self-regulated in their learning appear to achieve more positive academic outcomes than individuals who do not exhibit self-regulated learning behaviors. We suggest that distinct profiles of self-regulated learning behaviors exist across learners. In turn, these profiles appear to be associated with significantly different academic outcomes. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether profiles for self-regulated learning skills and strategies exist among learners. To achieve this purpose, we conducted two studies using two different samples. We administered the Online Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire (OLSQ), a 24-item scale with a 5-point Likert-type response format, to students enrolled in online degree programs at a large, public university located in the Southwestern United States. The OSLQ consists of six subscale constructs, including environment structuring, goal setting, time management, help seeking, task strategies, and self-evaluation. Latent class analyses were performed with participant subscale scores from the OSLQ.
 
 Our results indicate the presence of five, distinct profiles of self-regulated learning replicated across both study samples: super self-regulators, competent self-regulators, forethought-endorsing self-regulators, performance/reflection self-regulators, and non- or minimal self-regulators. Results also indicate that individuals differ significantly in their academic achievement according to their profile membership; for example, minimal and disorganized profiles of self-regulated learning are both associated with similar, poorer academic outcomes (e.g., lower GPAs). These profiles in self-regulated learning may be viewed as contributing to the development of theory by elucidating how exactly individuals are and are not self-regulated in their learning. The authors suggest future research directions.

Trabalho de casa, tarefas escolares, auto-regulação e envolvimento parental

Urge entender o Trabalho de Casa (TPC) como processo complexo para o qual conflui um vasto leque de factores impactantes. Neste relato analisam-se as relações entre os perfis de atitudes e comportamentos diante do TPC de Inglês e o nível instrutivo dos pais, a auto-eficácia percebida nessa disciplina bem como a correlação entre tais perfis de TPC e os perfis auto-regulatórios, em face do estudo. A amostra tomada é composta de 3929 alunos. O nível instrutivo dos pais associa-se positiva e significativamente aos perfis de atitudes e comportamentos de TPC. As atitudes e comportamentos de TPC correlacionam-se, positiva e significativamente, com os perfis auto-regulatórios, diante do estudo. Alunos que se percepcionam como mais auto-eficazes registam melhores perfis de atitudes e comportamentos de TPC. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de os diferentes parceiros do sistema educativo analisarem e promoverem activamente os processos auto-regulatórios envolvidos no ensino-aprendizagem em geral e no TPC em particular.

Cross-Case Study of Self-Regulated Learning as a Series of Events

This exploratory cross-case study: (a) examined self-regulated learning (SRL) during 3 studying episodes, and (b) explored ways 8 students of varying proficiencies productively self-regulated their learning. Profiles of SRL were constructed by examining traces of studying activity, test performance, and student reflections. Profiles were used to: (a) identify individual strengths and weaknesses, (b) compare pairs of High, Low, Average, and Improving students, and (c) construct a model of SRL proficiency. SRL proficiency (skill, will, and adaptation) was not consistent with performance. This study illustrates the importance of collecting multiple measures of SRL as a series of events over time.