Self-regulated Learning Framework Research Articles

An Instructional Design for Online Learning in Vocational Education according to a Self-Regulated Learning Framework for Problem Solving during the CoViD-19 Crisis

This study used multimedia games as instruments for critical thinking activities based on the Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) framework for the CoViD-19 crisis, supported by achievement tests and questionnaires. The results showed that the present method is effecttive to improve students' learning achievement, confirmed by the higher posttest results compared to than those of the pretest. The educational goals of SRL theories were developed through student-directed instructional design online where the students' guide made some input into their learning processes. The students' satisfaction in learning with the SRL framework for the CoViD-19 crisis gained a high level, informing that the SRL framework for problem solving during the CoViD-19 crisis was useful for teaching and career training. Teaching styles (such as the stable focus, orientation, or intent) constituted the entire patterns of teaching behaviors. This study implies that a self-directed learner can be described as being self-managing in a situation where the individual is engaged in student-centered instructions.

Do motivational regulation strategies contribute to university students' academic success?

Based on the framework of self-regulated learning, we conducted a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study with university undergraduates (N1 = 249; N2 = 210) to examine the associations of using different motivational regulation strategies and two important aspects of academic success: academic performance and dropout intention. According to the Motivational Regulation Model of Schwinger and Stiensmeier-Pelster (2012), we assumed that motivational regulation strategies will positively predict academic performance and negatively predict dropout intention via increased academic effort. Results of both studies largely supported our assumptions. Furthermore, the overall score of motivational regulation strategies and most specific strategies significantly predicted both examined aspects of academic success after controlling for high school GPA as their major traditional predictor. Thus, our findings replicate and extend previous research on the relevance of motivational regulation strategies in the context of higher education, by highlighting their significant contributions to improving academic performance and reducing dropout intention.

A Self-Regulated Learner Framework for Students With Learning Disabilities and Math Anxiety

Students with math learning disabilities have been shown to experience math anxiety at rates nearly double those of their typical peers. Anxiety about math is thought to disrupt learning by co-opting attentional resources that could be used in problem-solving and may be caused by the way in which students interpret their math-related experiences. This article describes a math intervention designed through a framework of self-regulated learning that defines self-regulated learners as students who are connected, self-aware, self-determined, strategic, and resilient. Specifically described is an intervention that helps students regulate anxiety, initiate a problem-solving strategy, and advocate as needed to use approaches they find effective.

A Collaborative Learning Design for Promoting and Analyzing Adaptive Motivation and Emotion Regulation in the Science Classroom

The aim of this paper is to introduce our current research design to study socially shared regulation processes in a science classroom where a collaborative learning design is implemented. The design is based on a self-regulated learning framework that provides opportunities and support for self-initiated regulation among individual learners and collaborative groups. It utilizes modern technology to structure and support regulated learning in the groups. The paper focuses on elaborating the research design, particularly from the perspective of motivation and emotion, by presenting the dual relationship between designing learning scenario that supports learners’ motivation and emotion regulation with technology and researching the multifaceted role of motivation and emotion as they occur in collaborative learning. To do this, the paper first describes the entire collaborative learning design while paying attention to how technology can be utilized to support the awareness of motivation, emotion, and their regulation. Then, the focus shifts to considering the methodological principles and implementation of multimodal data gathered in relation to authentic collaborative learning tasks. A case example from a secondary school science classroom demonstrates possibilities for multimodal data use in analyzing motivation, emotion, and their regulation in collaborative learning. It also illustrates the dual role of the implemented technological 6Q support tool by showing how data collected from the students’ use of the tool can be utilized in scientific analysis. The paper concludes by providing a short discussion about the current advancements of emerging technology in motivation and emotion research in the learning sciences highlighting the significance of sharing the theoretical premises of the research design as well as practical experiences from implementation of these designs for future research.

Self-regulated learning in online learning environments: strategies for remote learning

PurposeMany teachers and students in the USA and various parts of the world are migrating some aspects of education online out of necessity. The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe strategies of the self-regulated learning (SRL) framework for K-12 students learning in online environments to support remote learning with online and digital tools during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe SRL framework (Zimmerman, 2008) has been used consistently to support students in learning to work independently. This framework highlights three phases: planning, performing and evaluating. Previous research in K-12 online learning has yielded specific strategies that are useful. The paper identified and described the strategies to an audience seeking answers on how to meet the needs of students in online learning environment.FindingsThe main types of strategies that have emerged from previous studies include asking students to consider how they learn online, providing pacing support, monitoring engagement and supporting families.Originality/valueAlthough the social crisis of COVID-19 is unique, prior research in online learning may be useful for supporting teacher practice and suggesting future research. Developing SRL skills of students will ensure the effectiveness of online learning that the field of education may ultimately focus on in the future.

A motivation profile analysis of Malay students in Singapore

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the motivational profiles of Malay students in Singapore-based self-regulated learning framework (Pintrich & De Groot, 1990) and self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985). The sample consisted of 740 secondary school students from 24 tuition centres for Malay students only. The students were from three academic streams in Singapore (Express, Normal-academic, and Normal-technical). Using cluster analysis, five different clusters of students were found based on their unique characteristics on self-regulation and learning strategies scores. The clusters were named from best to poor in numeric order. Cluster 1 is characterized by high scores on intrinsic value, self-efficacy, self-regulation, and lower scores on lack of learning strategies and anxiety compared to other clusters. On the other hand, cluster 5 has the lowest intrinsic values, self-efficacy, and self-regulation relative to their scores on other clustering variables. In addition, the more adaptive profiles were also found to score higher in enjoyment and effort, and lower in boredom, compared to other clusters. The findings suggest that intra-individual differences in self-regulated learning behaviour are associated with the expected differences in the type of motivation possessed, and learning outcome measures.

Handbook for instructors of agriculture teacher trainees based on self-regulated learning framework

The objective of this study was to develop a handbook for instructors of agriculture teacher trainees based on self-regulated learning framework. The methodology consisted of 3 steps: 1) literature review; 2) development of a handbook for instructor; 3) evaluation of the handbook. The developed handbook composes 8 types of activities: 1) instructor development; 2) curriculum development; 3) learning support material development; 4) teaching and learning following the developed curriculum; 5) teaching and learning outside of the developed curriculum; 6) teaching and learning based on community participation; 7) trainees’ practice teaching and orientating real students; 8) trainee evaluation.

Handbook for instructors of agriculture teacher trainees based on self-regulated learning framework

Handbook for instructors of agriculture teacher trainees based on self-regulated learning framework

Handbook for instructors of agriculture teacher trainees based on self-regulated learning framework

Handbook for instructors of agriculture teacher trainees based on self-regulated learning framework

Handbook for instructors of agriculture teacher trainees based on self-regulated learning framework

Handbook for instructors of agriculture teacher trainees based on self-regulated learning framework

Scaffolding Students’ Self-Assessment of Their English Essays with Annotated Samples: A Mixed-Methods Study

Abstract This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of rubric-referenced student self-assessment (SSA) on students’ English essay writing by employing a two-group pre-post-quasi-experimental research design. The method was tested on 54 students at a Chinese university. During a 17-week experiment, the experimental group (EG) received the rubric and annotated samples, while the comparison group (CG) received only the rubric in self-assessment. Data sources included students’ scores in the pre-test and post-test and interviews. Quantitative findings indicated that the EG made significantly stronger progress than the CG in the post-test. Interview results suggested that annotation-based rubric-referenced SSA can help students understand the task requirements, initiate their self-regulatory behaviors, and improve their self-assessment confidence, although students still wanted to receive assistance from teachers partly due to the Confucian-heritage culture settings in China. The findings are discussed in terms of the design features of sample annotations within the framework of self-regulated learning (SRL), as well as the implications of using this method in the classroom.

Building a Framework for Self-Regulated Learning in Surgical Education: A Delphi Consensus Among Experts in Surgical Education

Practice-Based Learning and Improvement is a Core Competency for surgical residents. Self-regulated learning (SRL) skills are an important component of this competency, yet are rarely taught in surgical training. Before we can teach SRL skills to residents we must understand the attributes that are essential. The purpose of this study was to develop a framework for SRL for surgical trainees. This mixed-methods study design utilized a two-round modified-Delphi approach to develop consensus among experts in surgical education regarding SRL in surgical training. Round One included SRL constructs derived from educational, professional, and medical literature. Based upon quantitative data and thematic coding of comments, these constructs were adapted for applicability in the context of surgical residency and reorganized using a constant comparative approach. Revised constructs and groupings were presented to the expert panel in Round Two. Further survey rounds were not needed as all items in Round Two reached the predetermined consensus level of 70%. The Delphi panel was a purposeful sample of nationally recognized experts in surgical education, including members of the Association for Surgical Education and the Association for Program Directors in Surgery. Thirty-eight of 42 experts (90.5%) responded to Round One, representing 29 academic and community medical systems nationally. The response rate for Round Two was 92%, 35 of the 38 Round One participants. In Round One, the SRL constructs were all viewed as important with median scores ranging from 50 to 99.5, on a 100-point scale. Two hundred and ninety-one comments were coded and used to refine SRL definitions into 7 domains for Round Two, which included self-awareness, task analysis, situation awareness, strategic planning, progress evaluation, learning and performance management, and goal attainment and refinement. All Round Two items reached greater than 70% agreement, and received 51 free response comments. Several key themes emerged: clinical prioritization over learning, learner's limited control, value and reliance on external resources, low use of metacognition, and complex goal orientation. Incorporation of common themes generated a novel multi-stage framework of SRL in surgical education. Surgical residency represents a unique learning context, in which the ideal learner is one who understands their learning environment and utilizes available resources to optimize their own learning. Experts in surgical education believe SRL skills are important in training, and a novel framework of SRL is necessary to support a learner-centered model within the demanding environment of surgical training.

The Fundamentals for Self-Regulated Learning: A Framework to Guide Analysis and Reflection

This paper presents a framework for self-regulated learning (SRL) that is based on the conceptualisation of prominent constructs in the literature. To explore opportunities that promote SRL in educational contexts, it is necessary to frame conceptually the influences that empower individuals to think and feel as active participants in their learning processes. The SRL fundamentals clarify how learners construct and rationalise goals, and accept responsibility for monitoring cognition, motivation and behaviour to realise their capabilities. The framework invites future research and reflection by providing: a conceptual lens for data analysis; and an innovative representation for educators to reflect on practices.

A framework for classroom assessment, learning, and self-regulation

ABSTRACT We present a conceptual framework that leverages synergies between classroom assessment (CA) practices and self-regulated learning (SRL) theory to support academic growth and instruction. We articulate the processes shared by CA and SRL, drawing on a model of SRL with three phases: forethought, performance, and self-reflection. We blend this SRL model with CA to create the CA:SRL framework in four stages: (1) pre-assessment, (2) the cycle of learning, doing, and assessing, (3) formal assessment, and (4) summarizing assessment evidence. We elucidate how SRL processes are involved at each stage and can be drawn on to support learning development and teacher understanding and co-regulation of learning. This framework is important in that it depicts how assessment and learning processes interact dynamically for both teachers and students in classrooms, and demonstrates that such interactions encompass the full breadth of purposes in CA, from planning through summation of evidence.

Self-Regulated E-Learning Modules for Prenursing Success.

To be successful in their courses, nursing students must possess and routinely practice a wide range of self-regulated learning skills. Self-monitoring and regulation of cognition, metacognition, and behaviors influence learning for nursing practice. As reading and studying for comprehension, effective note taking, and taking tests successfully are challenging for many students, faculty at a rural community college created five self-regulated e-learning modules to equip prenursing students with evidence-based techniques to facilitate learning. This article describes the framework of self-regulated learning, the learning modules, student feedback, and implications for nurse educators.

Self-regulated learning lens on trainee perceptions of the mini-CEX: a qualitative study

ObjectivesThe formative aspect of the mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) in postgraduate medical workplace-based assessment is intended to afford opportunities for active learning. Yet, there is little understanding of the perceived...

Effects of short-term video-based interventions and instructions on teachers’ feedback skills to support students’ self-regulated learning

It was investigated whether teachers’ feedback skills to support students’ self-regulated learning (SRL) can be improved by short-term video-based interventions and/or direct instructions that were adapted to a SRL framework. Forty pre-service and 40 in-service teachers were assigned to a video + instruction or an instruction-only condition. Highest improvements were expected for the combination of the two interventions. However, results indicated that functional feedback to support SRL benefited most from instruction-only, while the reduction of dysfunctional feedback was highest in the video + instruction condition. The findings have practical implications for the design of interventions to improve teachers’ feedback skills.

The Effect of Metacognitive Knowledge on Mathematics Performance in Self-Regulated Learning Framework-Multiple Mediation of Self-Efficacy and Motivation.

Metacognition, self-efficacy, and motivation are important components of interaction in self-regulated learning (SRL). However, the psychological mechanism underlying the association among them in mathematical learning remained ambiguous. The present study investigated whether the relationship between metacognitive knowledge (MK) and mathematics performance can be mediated by self-efficacy and motivation. The sample comprised 569 students (245 male, Mage = 16.39, SD = 0.63) of Grade 10 in China. The MK in mathematics questionnaire, the self-efficacy questionnaire, the academic motivation scale, Raven advanced progressive matrix, and mathematics tests were used for data collection. Our results suggested that the mathematics performance could be predicted by MK, self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation. Moreover, the association between MK and mathematics performance was mediated by self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation, as revealed by a multiple mediation analysis. Additionally, there were sex differences in MK, self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation. The findings highlight the psychological mechanism in the mathematics of Chinese students and will help teachers to improve students’ mathematical learning in SRL framework more effectively. Implications for education and further studies are discussed.

Measuring medical students\u2019 reflection on their learning: modification and validation of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ)

BackgroundReflection on learning is an essential component of effective learning. Deconstructing the components of reflection on learning using a self-regulated learning (SRL) framework, allows the assessment of students’ ability to reflect on their learning. The aim of this study was to validate an instrument to measure medical students’ reflection on their learning.MethodsA systematic search was conducted to identify the most suitable instrument to measure students’ reflection on their learning based on the theoretical framework of SRL. The search identified the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) which contained five subscales: internal goal orientation, self-efficacy, critical thinking, metacognitive/self-regulation, help seeking and peer learning. Using the original MSLQ as the foundation, we carried out three phases of a research program to develop a useful set of items: an expert panel’s review of items, a substantial pilot study, and a factor analysis of ratings of a modified set of items by preclinical and final year medical students.ResultsThe factor analysis of the Modified MSLQ extracted four subscales with reasonable internal consistency: self-orientation, critical thinking, self-regulation and feedback-seeking. Each subscale correlates highly with the Modified MSLQ score, with modest inter-correlations between the subscales suggesting that they are measuring different components of the total score.ConclusionMedical students and their educators need to be able to monitor their learning in their complex academic and clinical environments. The Modified MSLQ provides a means of investigating and tracking individual medical students’ reflections on their learning.

The supportive character of teacher education triadic conferences: detailing the formative feedback conveyed

ABSTRACTThis study explored feedback conveyed in nine triadic conferences in teacher education practicum. The supportive character of formative feedback was explored in detail by employing a framework that combines two conceptualisations of feedback.The study depicted feedback directed backwards, upwards or forward and focusing performance, strategies, self-regulation or personal characteristics inside a framework of self-regulated learning. Findings show the teacher student to be more active in feed up, feed back and feed forward than previous studies have shown. Furthermore the conversations were found to be characterised by joint problem-solving in which all three parties focused on the student’s professional teacher-becoming. In conclusion, the findings indicate a feedback practice characterised by ‘sustainable’ feedback that scaffolds students’ self-assessing competence while fostering student self-reflexivity and self-regulation.