Ability For Self-reflection Research Articles

Cyclic theory and social conflicts

As one of the theories of social change, cyclic theory has not been a part of mainstream sociology. However, this does not mean that the ideas of the representatives of cyclic theory should be completely neglected and forgotten. In this paper the authors attempt to present and compare the views of P. Sorokin, A. Toynbee and O. Spengler on social conflicts, focusing on four issues: definition and classification of social conflicts, internal social conflicts (especially war), internal conflicts and the possibility of eliminating conflicts. In this comparative analysis, the emphasis is not only on sociological knowledge, but also on the ability of self-reflection and openness towards a view that is not 'purely' sociological.

Unveiling Malaysian Preschool Teachers’ Perceptions and Attitudes in Multicultural Early Childhood Education

Multicultural education is important in multicultural societies. Multicultural education should be introduced in the early years as the preschool years are a critical time when young children develop the moral values and ethical standards of their society. Therefore, it is crucial for preschool teachers to be equipped with the appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes to promote multicultural education. This paper reports the findings of a survey involving 854 preschool teachers who were serving in both public and private preschools in Malaysia. The preschool teachers completed a questionnaire to demonstrate their understandings of multicultural education, their perceptions of its importance in early childhood education and their opinions about other preschool teachers’ attitudes towards multicultural education. The findings indicated that the Malaysian preschool teachers had a limited understanding of multicultural education. Although most of them acknowledged the importance of introducing multicultural education at preschool level, the extent to which they actually understood the concept was still doubtful. Even though a majority of the preschool teachers believed that other preschool teachers had favourable attitudes towards multicultural education, there were a considerably high percentage of preschool teachers who actually possessed unfavourable or condition-dependent attitudes. Thus, it is critical to focus on supporting teachers in developing more critical and deeper understandings of multicultural education. Efforts such as reviewing teacher training programmes as well as enhancing teachers’ openness, self-reflective abilities, commitment to social justice and positive intercultural experiences are needed to promote teachers’ positive beliefs and attitudes towards diversity.

Student Behaviors Associated With Remediation

A content analysis was conducted to identify student behaviors associated with remediation. Identifying student behaviors associated with remediation could provide information to consider when developing student learning outcomes that address personal and professional competencies necessary for all students to display. A total of 26 articles were included in the study, which resulted in the identification of 34 student behaviors. Within the 34 student behaviors, 8 categories were identified: (1) ethical behaviors, (2) symptoms of a mental health diagnosis, (3) intrinsic characteristics, (4) counseling skills, (5) feedback, (6) self-reflective abilities, (7) personal difficulties, and (8) procedural compliance.

2. All in the Same Direction, All at the Same Time An Approach to Enhancing Creativity

This paper proposes that given today’s “wicked” problems (Malhotra, 1997), where there are complex issues with no clear answers, where boundaries are fuzzy and the outcome is usually never known and unexpected, creativity can be enhanced, at appropriate moments, by making modes of thinking explicit. Using a particular heuristic approach known as the Six Thinking Hats (de Bono, 1990), in group critiques and tutorials, students are empowered to suspend judgement at critical moments in a project, and thus, enhance their creativity. Furthermore this approach promotes confidence, openness, and trust such that students speak up more and participate fully, contributing to their peers as well as developing their own ability for self-reflection.

A framework to teach self-reflection for the remedial resident

Background: Regardless of the area of deficiency, be it in knowledge, skills or attitudes, residents requiring remediation are rarely self-identified. This illustrates a diminished ability for self-reflection. Self-reflection is a cornerstone of adult education. During the remediation process, the remediation curriculum needs to emphasize self-reflection.Aims: How can one structure self-reflection in a remediation curriculum?Methods: This article describes how to adapt and apply environmental scanning for remedial residents.Results: Environmental scanning is a rigorous and well-developed business approach that can be adapted for personal continuous quality improvement to foster self-reflection in medical trainees. There are often already existing tools which can form the foundation for regular reflection in medical education using an environmental scanning structure.Conclusions: Environmental scanning can be thought of as a structured approach to internal and external reflections.

Un'analisi del contenuto della testimonianza infantile

- The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of children's age and the level of stress of sexual abuse experience (relied with seriousness of abusive action, duration of abuse, number of perpetrators, PTSD) on the quality of depositions. Trascripts of 80 depositions of victims of sexual abuse (aged 4-17 years) was analyzed by specifically constructed codification of content. Results of multiple regression analyses indicate that children's age and level of stress predict differently some aspects of content of testimony. Age predicts gustatory perceptions, sense of estrangement and self-reflective abilities; level of stress predicts the aspects relied with temporal markers and actions. Key words: testimony, traumatic narrative, child sexual abuse, age differences.Parole chiave: testimonianza, narrazione traumatica, abuso sessuale, differenze di etŕ.Parole chiave: violenza all'infanzia, attaccamento, comportamenti di internalizzazione ed esternalizzazione, mediatori.

Self-awareness: Behavior analysis and neuroscience

Self-awareness is a specific type of autoclitic discriminative behavior and inferential generalization to similar performances exhibited by other people. Brain imaging findings take on special importance within behavior analysis when they indicate that dysfunctions in these areas are related to differential effects of our interventions, with some acquiring substantially typical self-awareness skills and others failing to do so. It appears that those individuals whose brain dysfunctions are limited to these areas, and are not part of more generalized brain abnormalities, are amenable to substantial acquisition of those most basic of human skills called self-awareness, whereas individuals with more generalized brain dysfunction are not so disposed. Through a combination of less or more effective teaching contingencies during childhood, and degrees of dysfunction of those brain structures, some children grow up lacking self-reflective abilities and self-insight, whereas others are extraordinarily astute at those capacities. Among children with autism spectrum disorders who lack those skills due to abnormal brain development, approximately half of them can acquire those skills, at least to some degree through the use of effective, intensive, early behavior therapy methods.

Sensibility and Democratic Space

AbstractPeople have shared funds of sense that operate in every aspect of their lives. These complex sensibilities constitute a range of often contradictory dispositions and attunements that we can describe as sensible disorders. Further, sensibilities are available for multiple differential determinations from which the ability for self-reflection and intervention derives. 'Democratic space' is an appropriate name for the region of sensibilities. Rather than naming a grounding identity, 'democratic space' names a region without imperative, voice, or intention. Nothing that happens defines the region of determination. The paper describes a sense of democratic space that is distinguishable from other senses and points to dispositional and political aspects of that sense.

MANAGING STAKEHOLDERS' PERCEPTIONS IN THE OIL INDUSTRY THROUGH ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY EXPRESSIONS.

The article discusses the management of stakeholder perceptions within the oil industry through the expression of an organization's identity. Organizational identity expressions are recognized through four characteristics: distinctiveness, transparency, sincerity, and consistency. Research suggests that in creating a distinctive position it is necessary to foster a vision that deviates from industry expectations and norms. Many companies looked at spend time to convince stakeholders of their integrity and authenticity, as well as display the ability for self-reflection.

A proposal for student assessment in paramedic education

This paper develops a concept of assessment for paramedic education. The aim is to provide an improved learning environment for students as well as to increase the success of the school by providing alternative teaching methods to the current methods used, thus enabling the institution to reach its educational goals (‘learning through assessment’). In order for this concept to be fully successful, a valid and reliable procedure must be implemented for these goals to be achieved. This concept was developed and implemented at a private paramedic school in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. First we must identify the strengths, unused opportunities, faults and threats of the actual procedures, so that a new concept can be established. As there are only a limited number of published papers available concerning Assessment in Emergency Medical Service (EMS), it has been necessary to look into other healthcare publications, especially those on medicine and nursing. The following areas are relevant for assessment: knowledge, communication skills, decision-making, technical skills, professionalism, ability for self-reflection, creativity and enthusiasm. For the assessment, nine methods have been selected and made into a blueprint. For the judgement, the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) for learning achievements has been adopted. The outcome is essentially determined by a triangulation of methods: orientation towards methods stimulating learning, flexible and continual judgement on learning achievements and arrival at high-quality criteria for assessment.