Self-perception Questionnaire Research Articles

Effects of aquatic and dry land physiotherapy on the functional capacity in individuals with and without parkinson's disease: a protocol study followed by a randomized clinical trial

Background Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease (PD), particularly those with the rigid-akinetic with postural instability (RA) subtype, often experience motor symptoms that impair functionality and postural control. Physiotherapy interventions, including both dry land and aquatic therapies, can help manage PD treatment. This study aimed to develop and assess the effects of two exercise protocols emphasizing the extensor musculature of the vertebral column (dry land and shallow water) on functional capacity in individuals with and without RA-type PD. Methods The study utilized a protocol study followed by a randomized clinical trial, with the registry number NCT04863118, involving ten RA-type PD (intervention group) and ten individuals without PD (reference group). Participants underwent exercise protocols of varying intensity levels, and their pre and post-intervention functional capacity were evaluated using standardized tests. The applicability and safety of these protocols were assessed through a self-perception questionnaire. Results Significant improvements were observed in functional capacity parameters following both dry land and aquatic physiotherapy interventions among PD individuals, including increased repetitions in the Sit-to-Stand test and reduced completion time in the Timed Up and Go test. Similar positive outcomes were observed in individuals without PD, indicating the efficacy of these interventions irrespective of PD status. Conclusion A single session of physiotherapy, whether on dry land or in shallow water, focusing on the extensor musculature of the vertebral column, enhances functional capacity in PD and non-PD individuals alike. Furthermore, the protocols demonstrated safety, comfort, and acceptability, promoting treatment adherence and future recommendations. These findings support the implementation of these protocols in clinical practice, aiding therapists in enhancing rehabilitation outcomes while ensuring individual safety. Registration Name of registry: Acute Effects of Strength Training and High Intensity Training on Functional and Biochemical Measurements of Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease in Different Environments and Depths Registry number: NCT04863118 Registration date:, 09/02/2024 URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04863118.

Psychometric Properties of a Self-Perception Questionnaire for Adults with Suspected Misophonia

Misophonia is a disorder of decreased tolerance to specific sounds or stimuli associated with such sounds, called triggers. The aim was to validate a questionnaire on self-perception of the type of sound, visual identification, and origin of sounds in adults with suspected misophonia by Spanish-speaking people. An interview was conducted with a total of 395 participants, divided into four distinct blocks of questions: the trigger of misophonia, the visual identification of gestures or actions related to selective sounds, the emotional closeness between listener and sender, and the impact on the daily personal relationships of the person with misophonia. Each block used classical test theory to factorially validate the instrument. The first group of questions gave as a result four factors: mouth and throat sounds, environmental sounds, material sounds, and pronunciation sounds (Cronbach’s alpha = .929; KMO = 0.894). The second group identified two dimensions of reaction to actions and gestures, one related to movements of the mouth and throat and the second to body movements or exaggerated gesticulation (Cronbach’s alpha = .840; KMO = 0.819). The third block linked low and high emotional closeness factors (Cronbach’s alpha = .690; KMO = 0.633). The fourth block obtained a factor for daily chores and another for affective relationships (Cronbach’s alpha = .861; KMO = 0.820). The questionnaire offers valuable insights into the nature of misophonia, and the necessity for further research in this field. These findings emphasize the importance of developing a comprehensive understanding of misophonia to enhance diagnosis.

WATSU (Water-Shiatsu) increases body awareness and improves pain and mood: A randomised controlled study

Background and purposeWATSU (Water-Shiatsu) is a body-oriented therapy in warm-water pool with passive movements, massage and breathing techniques. The present study investigated the short-term effect of a single session of WATSU on body awareness. Materials and methodsIn a randomized-controlled study 60 volunteers (18–65 years) were assigned to a 20-min intervention of WATSU or to a 20-min lecture on WATSU. Immediately before and after the intervention they had to answer questionnaires. Primary endpoint of the investigation was the change of the total score of the non-verbal Awareness Body Chart (ABC). Secondary endpoints were the changes of the scores of the 14 single body parts of the ABC, of the Visual Analogue Pain Scale, of a German self-perception questionnaire (KEKS) and changes in mood scored with a German questionnaire on mood (Bf-SR). To compare groups, Mann-Whitney U tests were used. ResultsThe WATSU group had a significantly higher increase in the ABC total score in comparison to the lecture group (WATSU: 0.3 (IQR 0 – 0.8), lecture: 0.1 (IQR -0.2 – 0.2), p = 0.014). In the KEKS no group differences were seen. In WATSU a significantly stronger improvement of pain (Visual Analogue Pain Scale: WATSU: −15 (IQR -29 to −8), lecture: −4 (IQR -9 – 2), p < 0.001) and of mood (Bf-SR: WATSU: −6 (IQR -14 to −2), lecture: −1 (IQR -5 – 1), p = 0.003) could be observed. ConclusionThis study showed that WATSU immediately increases body awareness and improves pain and mood.

Effects of a low, medium, and high-intensity aquatic physiotherapy protocol on functional and biochemical parameters in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a crossover randomized controlled trial

Background Knee osteoarthritis affects the performance of daily activities, independence, and quality of life. The etiopathogenesis of this condition considers the mechanisms of activation of metalloproteinase and reactive oxygen species production pathways. Metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) may be responsible for cartilage destruction. Aquatic physiotherapy promotes a positive impact on the clinical picture of osteoarthritis, and this study presents an intervention protocol that aims to evaluate the effects of a single session of different aquatic physiotherapy modalities on the biochemical and functional behavior of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods This will be a crossover randomized controlled trial in which 15 individuals will be submitted to three aquatic physiotherapy modalities with a minimum 15-day wash-out period in patients over 50 years old and diagnosed with OA in at least one knee, presence of pain and at least one functional dysfunction for at least 6 months, absence of physical limitation that prevents the exercise protocol from being performed, Kellgren and Lawrence ranking between I and IV, walk independently and without auxiliary device. Variations in the concentrations of MMP-3 and GPx in peripheral blood, pain, edema, and flexibility resulting from the three aquatic physiotherapeutic interventions will be evaluated both pre- and immediate post-intervention. The reference group will be submitted to the same aquatic physiotherapy protocols, however, only the biochemical parameters and the self-perception questionnaires will be evaluated. Registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05610696, 18/01/2023).

Beneficial Effects of Multi-Micronutrient Supplementation with Collagen Peptides on Global Wrinkles, Skin Elasticity and Appearance in Healthy Female Subjects.

With ageing, collagen production slows down, leading to wrinkle appearance and loss of elasticity. Replenishing key structural molecules through oral supplementation is a promising strategy that complements the topical delivery of cosmetic products and creates a holistic skincare regimen. The present study assessed the effectiveness of a food supplement with collagen peptides, vitamins and minerals in improving the quality of the skin and general wellbeing of healthy women. This was an open-label study of 135 women aged between 45 and 65years. A 3-month treatment phase followed a 4-week washout phase, with visits scheduled at baseline and after each month of treatment. Subjects received three tablets of Richelet Skin Renewal daily. The primary outcome was change from baseline to month3 in global wrinkles score by expert grader analysis. Secondary outcomes included changes in skin elasticity and other skin attributes, product assessment via self-perception questionnaires and total antioxidant status. A total of 116 subjects completed the study. The mean global wrinkles score indicated a statistically significant decrease from 5.9 at baseline to 5.0 at month3 (p < 0.0001), with 83.6% of subjects showing an improvement; significant changes were reported at all intermediate visits. The increase in skin elasticity was also statistically significant (R2 score 0.74 at month3; p < 0.0001). All subjects (100%) demonstrated significant improvements in skin texture, skin tone evenness, skin radiance and overall skin quality at the month3 visit. The study product achieved statistically significant, noticeable effects on global wrinkles, skin elasticity and a range of skin attributes after 3months of use in healthy women. These results strengthen the evidence for supplementation of collagen peptides and other micronutrients as an effective component of anti-ageing skincare.

Perceived draught and odors: The key to SBS and indoor environment in hospital administrative offices - The AIRMED project

BackgroundIndoor air quality (IAQ) is a growing concern, yet the link between IAQ perception, sick building syndromes (SBS), and actual IAQ parameters remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between perceived IAQ, SBS, and chemical parameters. MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted in the hospital administrative offices using a standardized self-assessment questionnaire for working conditions, and IAQ perception, with SBS. Formaldehyde and CO2 levels were measured, and compared to international standards. Statistical analysis, including multivariable logistic and linear regression (p < 0.05), explored relationships between perception, SBS, and chemical parameters. ResultsOf 261 participants (90 % response rate), the most common SBS symptoms were mucosal membrane irritations. The common working environmental complaints included dust and dirt, varying room temperature, and draught, respectively. The general and mucosal SBS symptoms were significantly associated with often perceived draught (aOR 5.99, 95 % CI 1.31 to 27.49 and aOR 3.38, 95 % CI 1.07 to 10.71, respectively). Formaldehyde levels in most offices exceeded limits, while CO2 did not. Frequent unpleasant odor perception correlated with dermal SBS symptoms and formaldehyde levels, reporting “often” perceived unpleasant odor when formaldehyde levels were 0.28 ppm or higher (95 % CI 0.01 to 0.57). Draught perception positively correlated with CO2 concentration. ConclusionsThis study showed connections between workplace perception and SBS, along with an association of workplace perception with IAQ chemical parameters. Self-perception questionnaires are valuable for investigating formaldehyde, CO2, and SBS, especially regarding draughts and odors. Further research should explore specific dimensions of actual IAQ and IAQ perception for a comprehensive understanding.

Body satisfaction and sexuality in pregnant and postpartum women

IntroductionPregnancy and postpartum is an important life event associated with profound physiognomic and psychosocial changes affecting the female body in all its physiological, psychic and affective reality. It might influence the sexual function in expectant mothers.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between the body satisfaction and perception and the sexual function among pregnant and postpartum women.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional study established over a period of 3 months from the June 1st, 2023 to August 31, 2023. This study focused on a population of pregnant and postpartum women recruited from outpatient consultations and inpatient of the obstetric gynecology department at the university hospital of Gabes. We used a pre-established sheet exploring socio-demographic data, medical and gyneco-obstetric history, the body mass index (BMI) and informations concerning the marital relationship and the woman’s sexual activity. We administered the validated Arabic version of the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) to assess sexual functioning and we used the body satisfaction and global self-perception questionnaire (QSCPGS) to explore the body satisfaction and perception.ResultsFifty-eight women were included. The average age was 35.6±5.5 years; they were from an urban origin in 75%. They were pregnant in the first, second and third trimester in (15.6%, 15.6% and 25% respectively). They were in postpartum in 43.8% of cases with a cesarean delivery in 73.3% and breastfeeding in 56%. All women reported being on good terms with their spouses and satisfied with their sexuality. The usual frequency of sexual relations was (1/day: 22.6%, 1/week: 74.2%, 1/month: 3.2%) and 25% reported wanting to reduce the frequency. The mean ASEX score was 13 ± 4.3 and 47% of the sample had sexual dysfunction. For the total score of the QSCPGS, we observe a mean value of 33 ±28.3, which means that our sample has a good level of positive body satisfaction and self-perception. The mean value of the “body satisfaction” factor is higher (23.7 ± 10.4) than the mean value of the “self-perception” factor (11.4 ± 14.3). The mean value of BMI was 28.74 ± 4.4 wich means an overweigh. We found a significant association between the “body satisfaction” factor and the sexual dysfunction (p=0.03), insufficient lubrication (p=0.01) and difficulty reaching orgasm (p=0.001).ConclusionsWe found that body and physical changes among pregnant and postpartum women can negatively affects their body perception and it might deteriorate its global sexual function. Further researches are recommended to study other potential factors affecting sexual function during this period.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Effects of a low, medium, and high-intensity aquatic physiotherapy protocol on functional and biochemical parameters in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a crossover randomized controlled trial

Background Knee osteoarthritis affects the performance of daily activities, independence, and quality of life. The etiopathogenesis of this condition considers the mechanisms of activation of metalloproteinase and reactive oxygen species production pathways. Metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) may be responsible for cartilage destruction. Aquatic physiotherapy promotes a positive impact on the clinical picture of osteoarthritis, and this study presents an intervention protocol that aims to evaluate the effects of a single session of different aquatic physiotherapy modalities on the biochemical and functional behavior of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods This will be a crossover randomized controlled trial in which 15 individuals will be submitted to three aquatic physiotherapy modalities with a minimum 15-day wash-out period in patients over 50 years old and diagnosed with OA in at least one knee, presence of pain and at least one functional dysfunction for at least 6 months, absence of physical limitation that prevents the exercise protocol from being performed, Kellgren and Lawrence ranking between I and IV, walk independently and without auxiliary device. Variations in the concentrations of MMP-3 and GPx in peripheral blood, pain, edema, and flexibility resulting from the three aquatic physiotherapeutic interventions will be evaluated both pre- and immediate post-intervention. The reference group will be submitted to the same aquatic physiotherapy protocols, however, only the biochemical parameters and the self-perception questionnaires will be evaluated. Registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05610696, 18/01/2023).

The importance of visual acuity screening in dental education amongst undergraduate dental students: a straightforward method

BackgroundVisual acuity plays a pivotal role in a dental professional's daily performance and screening the students' field of vision in their early formative years ensures successful undergraduate programmes.AimsTo compare near and distance visual acuity and stereopsis in first-year and final-year dental students and investigate students' perception of their vision.MethodThis was a cross-sectional study involving 100 KCL first- and final-year dental students that underwent assessment of their vision and completed a self-perception questionnaire. Near visual acuity was assessed using a standardised near vision test chart, distance visual acuity using COMPlog (Clinical Vision Measurement Systems Ltd, London, UK) computerised software and stereopsis using the Frisby stereotest. On the basis of the Mann–Whitney test, no statistical differences were found between the first-year and final-year students’ near and distance visual acuity, nor in stereopsis difference at a significance level of α = 0.05. The null hypothesis was accepted.Results84% of first-year students and 94% in final-year students attained the highest binocular near visual acuity score of 0.50M. Distance visual acuity scores showed a median ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) Letters score 94 in the first-year group and 95 in the final-year group. 8% of students were found to have correctable refractive errors in distance visual acuity. The majority of students across both year groups were able to discern 20 s arc of smallest disparity. Final-year students reported worrying about their eyesight significantly more than the first-year students.ConclusionsNo statistically significant differences were found in near and distance visual acuity, and stereopsis, between first-year and final-year dental students. However, 8% of students were identified with undiagnosed, correctable refractive errors. The importance of students' vision in clinical dentistry is highlighted and regular eye examination is recommended.

Central auditory processing and self-perception questionnaire after acoustically controlled auditory training in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury.

To correlate behavioral assessment results of central auditory processing and the self-perception questionnaire after acoustically controlled auditory training. The study assessed 10 individuals with a mean age of 44.5 years who had suffered mild traumatic brain injury. They underwent behavioral assessment of central auditory processing and answered the Formal Auditory Training self-perception questionnaire after the therapeutic intervention - whose questions address auditory perception, understanding orders, request to repeat statements, occurrence of misunderstandings, attention span, auditory performance in noisy environments, telephone communication, and self-esteem. Patients were asked to indicate the frequency with which the listed behaviors occurred. Figure-ground, sequential memory for sounds, and temporal processing correlated with improvement in following instructions, fewer requests to repeat statements, increased attention span, improved communication, and understanding on the phone and when watching TV. Auditory closure, figure-ground, and temporal processing had improved in the assessment after the acoustically controlled auditory training, and there were fewer auditory behavior complaints.

Central auditory processing and self-perception questionnaire after acoustically controlled auditory training in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury

Central auditory processing and self-perception questionnaire after acoustically controlled auditory training in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury

TPACK in In-service Secondary Education Teachers: A Systematic Review of the Literature

The TPACK model is an essential framework for appropriately integrating technology in the classroom. The present study aimed to categorize and establish the main research findings around TPACK between 2017 and 2022, specifically in practicing teachers at the secondary education level. A systematic literature review guided by the PRISMA statement was conducted. The search for papers was carried out in the Scopus, Web of Science, Sage Journal, and SciELO databases in September 2022. 37 articles were selected for review. The review of the studies made it possible to establish that the papers were mainly grouped into two categories: the first related to teachers' perception of TPACK, which includes research with self-perception questionnaires, case studies and relationships of self-perception with other variables such as barriers to technology integration in the classroom, pedagogical beliefs, and online education; and the second to developing training courses based on TPACK, complemented with self-perception questionnaires in the form of pretest-posts, classroom observations, and interviews. The results of the first category are dissimilar since TPACK levels differ from one study to another in variables such as gender and teaching experience. From the second, it is established that teacher professional development courses favor improving technological integration in the classroom.

Happiness Matters: Emotional Health Factors that Contribute to Perceived Overall Health in African American Men

The literature on African American (AA) men generally tends to focus on negative aspects of their health, but a more balanced approach is needed to understand positive factors that contribute to their overall well-being. This exploratory cross-sectional study examined the effect of different components of emotional wellness (happiness, self-esteem, and lack of stress) on AA men’s perceived overall health. The Wellness Self-Perception Questionnaire was administered among 115 AA men aged 18 to 45. Logistic regression analyses revealed that only happiness and self-esteem significantly increased the odds of better perceived overall health, with happiness being the strongest predictor. These findings suggest that broadening and strengthening the focus on positive aspects of AA men’s emotional health may improve their perceived overall well-being.

Improved Glycaemic and Weight Management Are Associated with Better Quality of Life in People with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Tirzepatide.

Limited data are available on the relationship between quality of life (QoL) change and significant degrees of reduction in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and/or weight loss in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We explored the associations between HbA1c targets and/or weight loss achieved and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in adults with T2D treated with tirzepatide, a first-in-class once weekly glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, using pooled data from SURPASS-1 to -5 Phase 3 clinical trials. PROs were assessed using five instruments at baseline and endpoint (Week 40 in SURPASS-1, -2 and -5; Week 52 in SURPASS-3 and -4): Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite Clinical Trials Version; Impact of Weight on Self-Perception (IW-SP) questionnaire; Ability to Perform Physical Activities of Daily Living (APPADL); Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire change; and EQ-5D-5L. All PROs were assessed in participants receiving pooled doses of tirzepatide (5, 10 or 15mg) and achieving HbA1c targets of < 5.7%, ≥ 5.7-≤ 6.5% and > 6.5% or achieving ≥ 0-< 5%, ≥ 5-< 10%, ≥ 10-< 15% and ≥ 15% weight loss from baseline at endpoint. The APPADL, IW-SP and EQ visual analogue scores were evaluated in participants achieving each combination of HbA1c target and weight loss. Achievement of lower HbA1c targets or higher body weight percentage losses were each associated with greater improvements in QoL than achievement of higher HbA1c targets or lower body weight percentage losses, respectively. Achievement of lower HbA1c targets in combination with greater weight loss was generally associated with the best QoL ratings. Our findings demonstrate that HbA1c targets and significant percentage body weight reduction thresholds need to be achieved for people with T2D to help substantially increase their overall health-related QoL. Tirzepatide treatment may allow a high proportion of people with T2D to achieve these targets, enabling improved QoL. SURPASS-1: NCT03954834; SURPASS-2: NCT03987919; SURPASS-3: NCT03882970; SURPASS-4: NCT03730662; SURPASS-5: NCT04039503.

The impact of simulation-based training on the knowledge and skills of postgraduate medical students in the management of cardiac arrest

Background: Use of simulation as a teaching learning method is said to improve the learners’ skills and clinical decision making in a risk-free environment. The effectiveness of simulation in imparting protocol-based training of a critical situation like cardiac arrest to postgraduate students, needs to be evaluated. We aimed to train students in a simulation-based training session for Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) in the management of in-hospital cardiac arrest, and assess the effect on the pre-training efficacy.&#x0D; Methodology: Thirty post-graduate students were subjected to a pre-test in knowledge and skills regarding ACLS, followed by a didactic lecture and a training session on a high-fidelity mannequin for the same. The assessment was conducted one week later. A self-perception questionnaire from the students was obtained at the end of the whole program. Mean score of knowledge, skill, time to initiating CPR and time to defibrillation in pre-test and post-test were compared using the paired-t test. P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.&#x0D; Results: There was statistically significant improvement in the post-test knowledge score (13.5 ± 2.87; P &lt; 0.0001) and skills score (6.066 ± 1.25; P &lt; 0.0001). Objective improvement was noticed in time to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (pre-test 60 ± 19.76 sec vs. post-test 26.56 ± 16.07 sec; P = 0.0001). Time to defibrillation was markedly reduced (pre-test 118.6 ± 28.28 sec vs. post-test 93 ± 33.38 sec; P = 0.0022). Majority of the students strongly agreed that the training session resulted in improved confidence (76.7%), which enhanced clinical decision making in emergency situations (83.3%).&#x0D; Conclusion: The simulation-based training session significantly increases the knowledge and psychomotor skills of the post-graduate students with enhanced confidence to manage a victim of cardiac arrest as self-judged by the participants.&#x0D; Abbreviations: ACLS – Advanced Cardiac Life Support; CBME - Competency Based Medical Education CPR - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; CVR - Content Validity Ratio&#x0D; Key words: Simulation Training; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation&#x0D; Citation: Patil A, Kadam S, Monnaiah P, Patil S, Sethiya S. Singh S. The impact of simulation-based training on the knowledge and skills of medical postgraduate students in the management of cardiac arrest. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(4):496−501. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i4.2258&#x0D; Received: October 13, 2022; Reviewed: June 09, 2023; Accepted: June 13, 2023

Estimating meaningful change for The Impact of Weight on Self-Perception (IW-SP) questionnaire among people with type 2 diabetes

PurposeThe Impact of Weight on Self-perception Questionnaire (IW-SP) is a three-item patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) instrument assessing the impact of body weight on self-perception. To date no published threshold for meaningful change exists. The objective of this study was to estimate the minimal important change (MIC) for the IW-SP among people with type 2 diabetes.MethodsResponder analyses were conducted using anchor- and distribution-based approaches with existing clinical trial data (SURPASS-2). As SURPASS-2 did not include a priori anchors, a set of alternative exploratory anchors were identified based on the MICs and items from two conceptually related measures used in the trial as well as percent change in body weight. Exploratory anchors with change estimates that were sufficiently related to change in IW-SP (r ≥ 0.30) and were not redundant with other anchors were retained for the MIC analyses. The analyses were conducted in two stages (estimation = 2/3 of sample) to derive initial IW-SP MIC estimates, and a subsequent confirmation stage (remaining 1/3 of sample).ResultsWhile the most conceptually related anchors and items performed best in responsiveness analyses, all anchors resulted in a similar estimate of minimal meaningful change for the IW-SP total score: a 1-point change in raw units (1–5-point scale), corresponding to a 25-point change for transformed scores (0–100 scale). Distribution-based analyses supported these MIC estimates. Results were similar across both stages for all analyses.ConclusionThe MIC for the IW-SP for patients with T2D is a 25-point change on the transformed score.

Post-Traumatic Stress Associated with Telework-Related Job Limitation in Latin America.

During the pandemic, there has been evidence of work limitations during telework, which are believed to cause mental health problems. Our objective was to assess the association between perceived work limitations during telework and posttraumatic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Latin America in 2020. Exposure was measured by self-reporting using a self-perception questionnaire; the SPRINT-E questionnaire was used for outcome measurements. Generalized linear models were applied. Of 1329 participants, 15.2% (n = 202) had posttraumatic stress. In a multivariate analysis, the highest frequency of posttraumatic stress was found among those with moderate depression or more (PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.03-1.61), moderate or more anxiety (PR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.61-3.41), and moderate or more stress (PR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.46-4.12). In conclusion, there is an association between perceived work limitations during telework and posttraumatic stress in Latin American workers. For this reason, it is recommended that occupational physicians, companies, and institutions assess the frequency of posttraumatic stress and monitor the mental health of workers.

PCR202 Estimating Meaningful Change for the Impact of Weight on Self-Perception (IW-SP) Questionnaire Among People with Type 2 Diabetes

The Impact of Weight on Self-Perception Questionnaire (IW-SP) is a 3-item patient-reported outcome instrument measuring the impact of body weight on self-perception. It has been used as an outcome measure in clinical trials for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, to date, no published data exist on a threshold for meaningful change. The objective of this study was to estimate the minimally important difference (MID) for the IW-SP among people with T2D.

The BREXIT and Putnam’s Two-Level Game Model: A Teaching Case Experience in a Foreign Policy Analysis Class

Active learning is an engaging way of teaching and even experienced professors may not know how to start implementing its techniques to make classes more dynamic. Teaching cases can be a very useful active method of instruction, as an opportunity to assign students roles in the case discussion, centering them as the protagonists of their own learning process. In other words, students will learn by doing, as they will be engaged in thinking and communicating on the topic. This paper presents a teaching case on the Brexit process to introduce central concepts of Putnam’s Two-Level Game model, such as level of negotiations, chief negotiator, win-set, voluntary defection, involuntary defection, and ratification. We assessed learning with self-perception questionnaires before and after the activity. The results suggest the activity improved the understanding of all selected topics covered in class.

AudBility: an online program for central auditory processing screening in school-aged children from 6 to 8 years old.

To analyze the performance of students aged between in an auditory skills screening software program, considering the influence of biological determinants and the correlation of auditory tasks with the behavioral assessment tests of central auditory processing (PAC), as well as to present the cutoff points of the battery. In the first stage, the sample consisted of 96 students with typical development, who underwent hearing screening at school. A self-perception questionnaire and the auditory tasks of sound localization (SL), temporal resolution (TR), temporal ordering of frequency (OT-F) and duration (OT-D), auditory closure (AC), dichotic digit- binaural integration (DD) and figure-ground (FG) were applied. Of these, 66 children participated in the second stage of the study, including basic and behavioral audiological assessment from PAC. The gender variable influenced the DD task to the right ear. Age influenced the outcome of five auditory tasks. The right ear performed better in the DD and OT-F tasks. At the age between 6 and 7 years, there was a correlation between screening and diagnosis in the tasks of AC, TR, DD, FG, and OT-F. At the age of 8 years, there was a correlation in the DD and OT-F tasks. The pass/fail criteria varied according to the task and biological determinants. There was a correlation between screening and diagnosis in a greater number of tasks in the age group between 6 and 7 years. The cut-off points for the auditory tasks should be analyzed according to age, sex and/or ear side.