Self-oriented Motives Research Articles

When time theft promotes performance: Measure development and validation of time theft motives.

The prevailing viewpoint has long depicted employee time theft as inherently detrimental. However, this perspective may stem from a limited understanding of the underlying motives that drive such behavior. Time theft can paradoxically be motivated by neutral and even laudable intentions, such as promoting work efficiency, thus rendering it potentially beneficial and constructive. Across three mixed-methods studies, we explore the motives behind employee time theft, develop and validate an instrument to assess these motives, and examine how they differentially predict time theft behavior. Specifically, in Study 1, we use a qualitative method and identify 11 types of time theft motives. Study 2 embarks on the development of measures of these motives, subsequently validating their factor structure. Study 3 examines their incremental variance in predicting time theft behavior by controlling for personality and demographic variables. Overall, these studies reveal that employees' engagement in time theft can be driven not solely by self-oriented motives but also by others- and work-oriented motives. Further, each of these motives provides incremental value in understanding time theft behavior. Implications for both research and practice emanating from these findings are also discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Understanding the desire for green consumption: Norms, emotions, and attitudes

Building on goal-directed behavior premises, this article sets out to develop a framework for explaining why consumers desire green products. Informed by a qualitative study exploring critical consumption incidents, the new model of green goal-directed behaviors (MGGB) presents a unique approach, tested empirically through a survey on the sustainable food consumption of 474 U.S. consumers. By combining the effects of pro-environmental and self-oriented motivations, the MGGB achieved a superior fit and predictive power compared to rival frameworks. Structural equation modeling results unveiled the salient role of personal norms, associated with affective and evaluative mechanisms. The important function of social and cognitive aspects is also revealed. The novel approach taken herein overcomes the limitations of rational theories, by introducing new processes, and showing how their contingency on outcome expectancies and consumer involvement regulates the arousal of green consumption desires. Important considerations are derived for theory development, future research, and marketing practice.

Breaking self-focused orientation in people who perceive economic scarcity: The influence of transcendent motivation to promote an abstract mindset and prosocial behavioral intentions.

Previous research shows that being in a situation of economic scarcity promotes a more concrete mindset that motivates behavioral decisions based on action difficulty and their short-term outcomes, which frequently entails negative consequences. However, a concrete mindset can be counteracted by inducing an abstract mindset to help people focus on final broad goals. We explored how focusing on transcendent motives (vs. self-oriented) promotes a more abstract mindset facilitating prosocial behavioral intentions. Study 1 (pre-post design) explored whether focusing on transcendent motives for engaging in activities promoted a more abstract mindset compared to focusing on self-oriented motives. Using a 2 × 2 design with two consecutive opposing primes, Study 2 tested how inducing a transcendent orientation could reverse the effect caused by perceiving economic scarcity, promoting greater orientation toward others and prosocial behavioral intentions. In Study 1 participants who generated transcendent motives for behaviors presented a greater increase in the abstraction of construal level, compared to those who only generated self-oriented motives for the same behaviors. Study 2 demonstrated that, when participants who perceived economic scarcity were focused on transcendent motives (vs. self-oriented) to promote a more abstract mindset, their orientation toward others increased. Interestingly, for people perceiving economic scarcity, whose own difficulties could reduce prosocial behaviors, the greater orientation toward others promoted a greater intention to engage in demanding prosocial behaviors. We provide evidence of new strategies to promote abstraction in individuals and increase their involvement in prosocial behavioral intentions, especially for those perceiving economic scarcity.

Examining the acceptability and likelihood of self-centered and other-centered lying using the HEXACO

Although personality traits have been widely shown to play a role in deceptive lying, the boundary conditions of lying remains unclear. The current study investigated the role of the six HEXACO dimensions on the perceived acceptability and likelihood of lying across five motivations: self-gain, vindictiveness, conflict avoidance, social acceptability, and altruistic. A sample of 282 Canadian university students read 20 brief scenarios describing a character engaging in lying for self-oriented (i.e., self-gain, vindictive, conflict avoidance, and social acceptability) and other-oriented (i.e., altruistic) reasons. Participants were asked to rate how acceptable the lie was, and the likelihood they would lie in a similar situation, as well as completing the 100-item HEXACO. While findings indicate that the HEXACO informs attitudes and propensities towards lying, its influence is not uniform across all lying behaviour. Honesty-humility was negatively associated with the acceptance of and likelihood of lying for any self-oriented motivation but was not associated with the acceptance of and likelihood of lying to benefit another person. The remaining HEXACO dimensions were more delimited in their influence over lying. Further, findings suggest that reasons for lying cannot easily be dichotomized into self-centered versus other-centered motivations.

The situational self-orientation model of digital publics

Abstract This article proposes the conceptual model called the Situational Self-Orientation Model of Digital Publics (SOMP) as an extension of the Situational Theory of Problem Solving (STOPS). The model aims to explain the digital publics’ communicative behaviors. It suggests five propositions by introducing three different working self-concepts (individual, relational, and collective self) on the issue. The different self-concepts affect involvement recognition and induce different self-oriented motivations (self-interest, interpersonal, and intragroup motivations) and self-oriented communication (I-oriented, You-oriented, and Us/Them-oriented communicative actions). The model is expected to provide theoretical and practical contributions to understanding the digital publics’ communication behaviors better.

노인의 사회참여 동기가 우울에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to examine and verify whether social capital modulates the relationship between motivation for social participation and depression in the elderly. To this end, data were collected through a questionnaire survey targeting elderly people aged 65 or older in the Jeonbuk area, and responses were collected from 414 people. Among them, the response data from 395 people were analyzed by a controlled regression equation using the SPSS 25.0 statistical program, and a simple slope test was performed. . The analysis results are as follows. First, as the relationship-oriented motivation among the elderly's social participation motivation increased, the elderly's depression decreased. Second, as social capital increased, depression in the elderly decreased. Third, as a result of verifying the moderating effect of social capital in the relationship where the elderly's social participation motivation (self-oriented motivation, relationship-oriented motivation, social-oriented motivation) affects depression in the elderly, the group with high social capital is the group with low social capital. In comparison, social participation motives (self-oriented motives, relationship-oriented motives) had a greater influence on depression in the elderly. Based on this, it was confirmed that social capital modulates the effect of the elderly's social participation motivation (self-oriented motivation, relationship-oriented motivation) on depression in the elderly. Based on these results, practical and policy suggestions were made on ways to provide social participation opportunities for the improvement of depression in the elderly, ways to form a social support network, and social participation activities for the elderly that can be applied at the community level.

Does the Label Fit the Channel? How “Bricks” and “Clicks” Influence Demand for Environmental and Social Sustainability Labels

Service firms are increasingly trying to make their offers more sustainable. In this paper, we contribute to the literature on sustainability in service by investigating the impact of the shopping channel on consumer purchases of alternatives labeled as environmentally and socially sustainable. We theorize that the salience of self-oriented (vs. other-oriented) motives in the online (vs. in-store) channel has a higher fit with self-oriented (vs. other-oriented) benefits signaled by environmental (vs. social) labels, especially for utilitarian (vs. hedonic) products. To test this expectation, we conduct three studies using real-world grocery and beauty retailer datasets that include almost 900,000 purchases either in-store (“bricks”) or online (“clicks”). Using both between-consumer and within-consumer analysis, we find empirical support for our hypotheses. Our conceptual framework and findings suggest that service firms that want to promote environmentally and socially sustainable alternatives will benefit from adapting their strategies to different domains of sustainability labels and shopping channels.

A New Understanding of the Role of Self-oriented Motivations in the Creation of Social Enterprises

A New Understanding of the Role of Self-oriented Motivations in the Creation of Social Enterprises

Analysis of personal psychological motivation and social psychological motivation of Retaliatory Justice under moral public opinion: Chinese cases.

From a social psychology perspective, this study explored the personal and social psychological motivation of Retaliatory Justice. This study constructed a four-dimensional model of the psychological motivation of Retaliatory Justice from the two dimensions of "Self vs. Society" and "Identity vs. Resource." They were Identity-Based Self-Oriented Motivation (Pacifying Outrage), Resource-Based Self-Oriented Motivation (Occupying Resource), Identity-Based Society-Oriented Motivation (Value Confirmation), and Resource-Based Society-Oriented Motivation (Deterrence and Control). In this study, 497 sets of valid data were extracted from 6 universities in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China, using 3 sets of situational experiments and the "Questionnaire Star" online survey platform as a vehicle to explore the personal motivations and psychosocial motivations of Retaliatory Justice. The empirical results showed that the situational experiment significantly verified the existence of Pacifying Outrage and Value Confirmation, and partially verified the existence of Deterrence and Control and Occupying Resource. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only the effect of Pacifying Outrage on Retaliatory Justice showed a main effect, and the interaction between Pacifying Outrage and Deterrence and Control was not significant. Pacifying Outrage significantly affects Retaliatory Justice, while Occupying Resource significantly affects Retaliatory Justice, but the interaction between the two was not significant. Value Confirmation significantly affects Retaliatory Justice. Value Confirmation and Deterrence and Control synergistically affect Retaliatory Justice, but Deterrence and Control had no significant effect on Retaliatory Justice. Taking emotions as clues, this paper discussed the realistic value of the rheological paths of the psychological motivation of Retaliatory Justice, which brought enlightenment to the improvement of social morality, the cultivation of judicial trust, and the construction of psychological service system.

Keep the fire burning: Social entrepreneurs’ motives, role stress, perceived work competence and passion

This study examines factors affecting social entrepreneurs’ passion, focusing on their motives, job stress, and perceived work competence. The analysis of the survey data of 264 self-identified social entrepreneurs working in different types of organizations reveals that other-oriented motives are strongly associated with passion while self-oriented motives are not. The results also show that job stress is negatively correlated with social entrepreneurs’ passion. When the perceived work competence is included as a mediator, however, it alters the nature of the job stress-passion relationship, suggesting that job stress can positively affect social entrepreneurs’ passion when they perceive a high level of competence. The findings also suggest that perceived work competence reinforces the positive relationship between other-oriented motives and passion. This paper concludes with practical implications for social entrepreneurship education.

Periodic Versus Aggregate Donations: Leveraging Donation Frequencies to Cultivate the Regular Donor Portfolio

Charitable organizations play a key role in society but face the recurrent challenge of obtaining sufficient resources to accomplish their missions. The regular donor portfolio becomes a critical element in providing stable and long-lasting funding, and its effective management has emerged as a key research area. This study investigates the impact of the donation frequency by regular donors on their donation amount over time. Drawing from temporal reframing literature, we provide an understanding of these effects as well as the moderating role of the motivations to donate (self- vs other-oriented). The study also investigates the extent to which frequency choices are influenced by the motivations to donate and by the donation options presented during registration. Using a sample of regular donors from 2013 to 2019 and applying dynamic panel data techniques, the findings reveal that higher frequencies lead to higher donations, though this effect is strengthened by self-oriented motivations and weakened by other-oriented motivations. Our study shows that motivations to donate and donation options jointly explain donation frequencies. This study provides useful guidance for charities on how to increase regular donors’ perceived value and their contributions to help these organizations provide essential services to the most vulnerable groups in society.

Moderated Mediating Effect of Pro-Social Behavior and Gender between Volunteer's Motivation(self-oriented motivation, other-oriented motivation) and Volunteer Activity Satisfaction

목적 자원봉사자의 동기부여가 자원봉사활동 만족도의 관계에서 자원봉사활동 만족도를 증가시키는 요인을 알아보고자 문헌 고찰을 하였고, 이를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 자원봉사자의 동기부여(자기지향적 동기, 타인지향적 동기)와 자원봉사활동 만족도의 관계에서 자원봉사활동 만족도를 더욱 증가시키는 요인으로 친사회적 행동을 선정하였고, 그 관계가 성별의 조절에 따라 달라질 수 있는지 확인하기 위해 조절된 매개효과 모형을 검증하였다. 방법 본 연구는 경기도를 중심으로 자원봉사 경험이 있는 사람을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 통해 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 응답자 총 661명의 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 프로그램을 활용하여 기술통계분석 및 상관관계 분석, 위계적 회귀분석, PROCESS macro 모형검증을 시행하였다. 결과 연구결과를 보면 첫째, 자원봉사자의 동기부여(자기지향적 동기, 타인지향적 동기)와 자원봉사활동 만족도의 간에 친사회적 행동의 매개효과가 유의하였으며, 부분매개효과를 나타냈다 둘째, 자원봉사자의 타인지향적 동기와 친사회적 행동, 자원봉사활동 만족도의 간에 성별(남자, 여자)의 조절된 매개효과가 유의하였다. 성별(남자)의 조절효과를 보면, 자원봉사자의 타인지향적 동기가 친사회적 행동으로 가는 직접 영향을 조절하여 자원봉사활동 만족도에 미치는 영향이 성별(남자)의 조절 수준이 높아질수록 자원봉사활동 만족도가 서서히 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 성별(여자)의 조절효과를 보면, 자원봉사자의 타인지향적 동기가 친사회적 행동으로 가는 직접 영향을 조절하여 자원봉사활동 만족도에 미치는 영향이 성별(여자)의 조절 수준이 높아질수록 자원봉사활동 만족도가 서서히 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 결과가 연구에 주는 의의와 실제 자원봉사 현장에서 성별에 맞는 친사회적 행동 및 자원봉사활동 만족도를 높이는 방안을 논의하였다.

Science for Others or the Self? Presumed Motives for Science Shape Public Trust in Science.

Science can improve life around the world, but public trust in science is at risk. Understanding the presumed motives of scientists and science can inform the social psychological underpinnings of public trust in science. Across five independent datasets, perceiving the motives of science and scientists as prosocial promoted public trust in science. In Studies 1 and 2, perceptions that science was more prosocially oriented were associated with greater trust in science. Studies 3 and 4a & 4b employed experimental methods to establish that perceiving other-oriented motives, versus self-oriented motives, enhanced public trust in science. Respondents recommend greater funding allocations for science subdomains described as prosocially oriented versus power-oriented. Emphasizing the prosocial aspects of science can build stronger foundations of public trust in science.

Association between Japanese community health workers' willingness to continue service and two categories of motives: Altruistic and self-oriented.

BackgroundAs population aging progresses, volunteers in health field are expected to play a key role in health promotion and disease prevention, which may improve community residents’ health and well-being and at the same time help slow the growth of healthcare cost. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of self-oriented motives and altruistic motives as explanatory factors for Japanese Community Health Workers (CHWs)’ desire to continue their service. Unraveling the relative effects of these two types of motivation on CHW retention may lead to policy and practical implications for recruiting, training, and supporting CHWs in Japan. Haddad (2007) observed that citizens in Japan generally have a sense of governmental and individual responsibility for dealing with social problems. Applying these insights to CHWs, we hypothesize that altruistic motives have more potent influence on volunteers’ willingness to continue to serve than self-oriented motives.MethodsThree cities in Shiga prefecture, Japan agreed to participate in the study. Anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was mailed to all CHWs who work in the three communities. The survey data were collected in March and April, 2013. A total of 417 questionnaires were mailed to CHWs, of which 346 were completed and returned (response rate 83.0%). Nine questionnaires missing response to the question concerning willingness to continue serving were removed from the analysis. The final analysis used 337 questionnaires (effective response rate 80.8%).ResultsOne hundred ninety-nine (59.1%) of the respondents answered the question about willingness to continue CHW affirmatively, and 138 (40.9%) negatively. Controlling for other relevant factors, those with self-oriented motives in serving as CHWs were more likely to state they are willing to continue to serve (OR:1.54, confidence interval 1.00–2.37) than those without such motives. Those with altruistic motives were also more likely to say they want to continue their service (OR 1.56, confidence interval 1.08–2.27) than those without such motives. Contrary to our hypothesis, the two motives, altruistic and self-oriented, were shown to have nearly equal degree of influence on respondents’ willingness to continue serving as CHWs.ConclusionOne practical implication of the research is that learning more about the twin motives, self-oriented and altruistic, of volunteers and tailoring the content of CHW training by municipal health professionals to address those motives may be beneficial.

“Eyes for eyes, teeth for teeth”: positive and negative reciprocity in NPOs

PurposeManagement scholars investigated the motivational aspects of volunteers, mainly focusing on their positive reciprocity – individuals feel obligated to reciprocate whenever they receive benefits from others – but neglected the possible role of negative reciprocity, the tendency to retaliate in case of mistreatments. Based on motivational functions theory and the norm of reciprocity, this paper proposes a framework assessing other-oriented and self-oriented motives as the main antecedents of volunteers’ intention to stay in non-profit organizations (NPOs).Design/methodology/approachCovariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) and the PROCESS macro were used to empirically validate and test the hypothesized conceptual model on a sample of 379 volunteers actively involved in Italian NPOs.FindingsPositive reciprocity partially mediated the relationships between volunteers’ other-oriented motives and self-oriented motives and their intention to stay. Instead, negative reciprocity fully mediated the relationship between self-oriented motives and intention to stay but not the relationship between other-oriented motives and intention to stay.Practical implicationsManagers and marketers of NPOs should pay more attention to volunteers’ attitudinal and behavioral signals to encourage within-organization positive reciprocal attitudes and discourage negative reciprocal attitudes. This represents a strategic lever to prevent volunteers from quitting the organization – which is one of the most critical challenges for NPOs’ management – and improve their intention to stay.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies that simultaneously investigate the mediating role of both positive and negative reciprocity of volunteers actively involved in NPOs. Moreover, the constructs of other-oriented and self-oriented motivations are statistically validated as two separate psychological dimensions impacting on volunteers’ turnover. Finally, the study has been conducted in the Region of Tuscany (Italy) which, despite its centuries-old tradition of volunteerism, has received scant attention by non-profit scholars.

Company versus consumer performance: does brand community identification foster brand loyalty and the consumer\u2019s personal brand?

This study investigates the effect of community identification in building brand loyalty (attitudinal and behavioural) and a personal brand via social networks. The proposed model explained the main community identification antecedents and how identification can lead to enhanced company and consumer performance. This study adopts the theoretical lens of uses and gratifications theory and identifies three motivational drivers of community identification: relationship-oriented motives, self-oriented motives and brand content-oriented motives. The data were analysed with a structural equation modelling method based on a convenience sample collected through a survey. This study extends the body of knowledge about the outcomes from an active social media usage, based on a UGT perspective. It relates community identification and its drivers to loyalty. Besides, it links community identification with personal branding, which is considered as a vital outcome expected by social media users. The findings suggested that self-oriented motives represented a key driver for taking part in an online community. In addition, community identification represents to be an important antecedent to build attitudinal loyalty rather than behavioural loyalty. Consequently, community identification was also found to be a significant driver for building a user’s personal brand.

Social Entrepreneurs’ Motives, Role Stress, Work Competence, and Passion

This study examines how social entrepreneurs’ motives and role stress affect their passion and how these relationships are mediated by their perception of own work competence. The analysis of the data from a survey of 264 self-identified social entrepreneurs working in different types of organizations show that other-oriented motives are strongly associated with passion while self-oriented motives are generally not. The results also reveal that perceived work competence mediates these relationships, reinforcing the relationships between other-oriented motives and passion and between role stress and passion. In particular, when social entrepreneurs perceive a high level of competence, role stress positively affects social entrepreneurs’ passion, suggesting that the multitude and ambiguity of roles can boost passion, rather than decreasing it. This paper concludes with suggestions for social entrepreneurship education programs and curricula.

Determinants of Motivation for Mentoring Among Adults Volunteering to Mentor Youth

Most youth mentoring programs rely on volunteers to serve as mentors to youth. This study investigates factors associated with motivations for volunteering in this capacity, specifically altruistic and self-oriented reasons for becoming a mentor. Because adults who volunteer as mentors and youth mentees typically come from different socio-cultural backgrounds, the study examines demographic characteristics associated with these different motivations. In addition, the study addresses the empathy-altruism hypothesis suggesting that individuals with higher levels of empathy exhibit greater altruistic tendencies. For this analysis, the focus is on ethnocultural empathy and its association with volunteer motivations. The sample consisted of 1,000 volunteers who applied to mentor in 4 agencies affiliated with a national mentoring organization. The results indicated that mentors reporting higher levels of ethnocultural empathy were more likely to endorse altruistic motivations for volunteering. Younger volunteers, female volunteers, and volunteers of color reported higher levels of self-oriented motivations for volunteering. Female mentors, in general, reported higher levels of altruistic motivations for volunteering. Altruism and empathy, particularly the ability to connect with youth across cultural differences, are considered important mentor attributes conducive to healthy mentoring relationships. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.

Helping one or helping many? A theoretical integration and meta-analytic review of the compassion fade literature

Researchers and practitioners in the area of charitable giving have long lamented the tendency to offer greater aid to one person who is suffering rather than to a large group with the same needs. Demonstrations of such compassion fade are common in the literature, although different explanations for these findings exist. To reconcile both past theory and empirical research, we utilized a dual concern framing (De Dreu, 2006; Pruitt & Rubin, 1985) in conducting a meta-analysis of 41 studies (95 independent samples; 13,259 total sample size) on compassion fade. Results suggest that victim group size negatively affects both helping intent and helping behavior, as well as our proposed mediating mechanisms of anticipated positive affect (self-oriented motivation) and perceived impact (hybrid other-/self-oriented motivation). However, significant effects were not found for empathetic concern (other-oriented motivation). Results also showed that the indirect effects of victim group size on helping are stronger through anticipated positive affect and perceived impact than through empathetic concern. Further, as indicated by supplemental analyses, anticipated positive affect and perceived impact likely operate as predictors of empathetic concern in a serial mediation process through which victim groups size affects helping. Finally, we examined calamity scope (number of victims) and event features (certainty, chronicity, and threat severity) as moderators of the observed relationships between victim group size and helping. Theoretical implications and directions for future compassion fade research emanating from these findings are discussed.

Co-opetition Strategy in Volunteer Computing: The Example of Collaboration Online in BOINC.RU Community

Volunteer computing (VC) is a strong way to harness distributed computing resources to perform large-scale scientific tasks. Its success directly depends on the number of participants, PC (some other devices) and time of their work. And while the computational aspect received much effective research attention and solutions; the social problem of VC phenomenon – how persuade the owners of widely dispersed smart machines and devices to participate in VC projects, and how figure out ways to speed and expand the capability of donated computer resources, remains largely unexplored. We think that a motive of self-actualization of participants of volunteer computing is not enough to explain why millions of unskilled people day by day participate in scientific computation. Our research indicates that the answer lies at the intersection of self-oriented motivation and the interactional, organizational possibilities emerging through the Internet. In this paper we investigate Russian community of VC and discuss the suggestion that online collaboration can capture people`s motivation better than only intrinsic motives.