Self-management Behaviors In Patients Research Articles

Disease knowledge and self-management behavior of COPD patients in China.

This study aims to investigate the disease knowledge and self-management behavior of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the respiratory ward of a tertiary hospital in China, and analyze the relationship between these.A total of 360 COPD patients were surveyed using the internationally validated COPD Questionnaire (COPD-Q), the COPD Patients’ Self-Management Behavior Scale and a general sociodemographic questionnaire, and 346 valid responses were obtained.The results revealed that the surveyed COPD patients scored an average of 4.90 ± 2.50 points (maximal of 13 points) on the COPD-Q and 117.23 ± 20.56 points on the COPD Self-Management Behavior Scale, in which 86.1% of COPD patients were classified as having low to medium levels of self-management behavior. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the total points on the COPD Self-Management Behavior Scale, symptom management, daily life management, emotional management and information management were all positively correlated to the disease knowledge of COPD (P < .01). In addition to COPD knowledge, the multiple regression analysis revealed that age, marital status and place of residence could also affect self-management behavior.The level of disease knowledge and self-management behaviors of patients with COPD is rather low in China. COPD knowledge level was found to correlate with the level of self-management behavior. Health education that enhances the disease knowledge of COPD patients might thereby be necessary to help improve self-management behavior.

SELF MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOUR PADA PASIEN YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISA

Self management behavior is a way of controlling oneself in order to achieve a desired target, the ability of patients with chronic kidney disease to regulate their lifestyle while experiencing illness conditions and undergoing changes in their lifestyle. The purpose of this study was identify self management behaviour in patients undergoing hemodialisa. This descriptive study was collectedfrom 62 respondent by using univariate analysis. The results of this study showed that average respondents had a maximum self-management behavior of 46.63. This study may be the information and results of the evaluation for nurses on self-management behaviors in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.

Self-Management Behaviors in Obese Patients Undergoing Surgery Based on General and Specific Adherence Scales.

BACKGROUNDAdherence has been defined as the degree to which a patient’s voluntary behavior corresponds with the clinical recommendations of health care providers. The aim of this study was to predict self-management behaviors in obese patients undergoing surgery based on general and specific adherence scales.METHODSAll obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery in Ghadir Mother and Child Hospital, Shiraz, Iran from April 2017 to September 2017 were enrolled. By using available sampling method, 201 patients with BMI above 35 (36.43±35.11) and in the age range of18-65 years (13.38±80/5) were selected. A questionnaire containing general adherence scale (GAS), specific adherence scale (SAS) and post-surgery self-management behaviors questionnaire (BSSQ) was completed by all patients. RESULTSThe general and specific adherence scales were significant predictors for self-management behaviors after surgery, and positive relation was found for general and specific adherence scales with self-management behaviors. CONCLUSIONSelf-management behaviors regarding eating behaviors, supplements, fruits, vegetables, grains, protein and fluid intake, physical activity, dumping syndrome management have significant relationship with general and specific adherence scales. So increasing knowledge, skills, motivation, self-confidence, self-efficacy and self-monitoring of obese patients after surgery seem necessary.

Self-Management Behaviors of Patients with Hypertension in Daily Life

Background: In a rapidly aging Japanese society, the number of patients with hypertension has seen a steady increase. The basic treatments for hypertension are maintaining blood pressure through medication and preventing complications. It is important for patients with hypertension to perform self-management. This improves their lifestyle while controlling their blood pressure to prevent complications and maintain good health. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the actual self-management behavior ability of patients with hypertension and to clarify the factors involved in their self-management behavior. Methods: A total of 150 patients with hypertension were included in this study. The following data were obtained from the patients as background information: sex, age, years with disease, whether they are receiving antihypertensive agents, type of antihypertensive agent, blood test data, heart thoracic ratio, left ventricular ejection fraction, pulse wave, pulse wave velocity, and height. The levels of self-management skills of the patients were also assessed using the “Instrument to Measure the Self-care of patients with Hypertension” developed by Tsuboi et al. Results: The associations among self-management behaviors in daily life, such as diet, exercise, stress, medication, alcohol intake, and smoking, were analyzed in patients with hypertension. The subjects were classified into the following three groups: aged 65 years or below (Group A), early stage elderly individuals (Group B), and late-stage elderly individuals aged 75 years or over (Group C). The results showed that the subjects in Group C had higher self-management scores for diet, exercise, stress, medication, and drinking than the subjects in the other two groups. The scores of smoking and self-management of the subjects in Group A were high but their other self-management scores were low. All the subjects were taking between 1 to 3 types of oral antihypertensive drugs. The rate of achievement of the target blood pressure was 50% or more in all the three groups. However, the pulse wave velocity was high in all the three groups. Conclusion: The results indicate that the risk of developing disorders of the brain and cardiovascular system is high in all the three groups, owing to the high degree of arteriosclerosis. Therefore, increasing the number of nursing interventions is expected to reduce blood pressure, maintain and promote self-management behavior in daily life, and prevent the onset of complications. The results suggest that nursing interventions involving lifestyle guidance for improving the self-management skills of patients are urgently needed by patients under 65 years of age.

Trajectory Patterns and Factors Influencing Self-management Behaviors in Chinese Patients With Breast Cancer.

Self-management plays an important role in improving quality of life among patients with breast cancer. Self-management behaviors change with treatment periods, and the trajectory varies in patients with different demographic and psychosocial characteristics. However, the trajectory patterns and the predictive factors have not been fully studied. The aim of this study was to identify the trajectory patterns of self-management behaviors in Chinese patients with breast cancer and their predictive factors. A total of 128 patients with breast cancer were recruited. Demographic and disease-related information, self-management behaviors, self-efficacy, coping modes, emotional distress, and social support were investigated across 5 time points. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify the trajectory patterns of self-management behaviors. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors for membership. The best-fit growth mixture modeling revealed a 2-class model; model fit indices were all in acceptable ranges. Class 1 and 2 were named as the group of "stable" (34.38%) and the group of "sharply decreased" (65.62%), respectively, based on the tendency of change. Modified radical mastectomy, avoidance coping mode, anxiety, and low self-efficacy level were predictors of the patients' membership to the sharply decreased group. Our study proved the heterogeneity of self-management behaviors and the influencing effect of treatment and psychosocial factors on the development of self-management behaviors in Chinese patients with breast cancer. Health professionals should pay more attention to patients who are at higher risk of developing a poor self-management pattern. Targeted interventions should be developed across subpopulations and treatment periods accordingly.

Factors That Promote Autonomous and Controlled Motivation in Self-management Behavior of Hemodialysis Patients

Factors That Promote Autonomous and Controlled Motivation in Self-management Behavior of Hemodialysis Patients

Patient reported experience of blood glucose management when undergoing hyperbaric oxygen treatment

Background: Patients who have diabetes and require hyperbaric treatment for wound healing are an increasing population. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has been shown to reduce a patient’s blood glucose level during an individual treatment. Anecdotal evidence suggests patients with diabetes are concerned about suffering a hypoglycaemic episode during HBOT. It is suspected that patients who have diabetes undertake protective health behaviours by intentionally increasing their blood glucose levels prior to HBOT.Aim: To explore the emotional and physical experiences of patient self-management behaviours of their blood glucose levels during a course of hyperbaric oxygen treatment.Method: The use of semi-structured in-depth interviews, each interview was audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Participants (n = 15), were prior patients living with diabetes who had undergone HBOT at a tertiary hospital in an Australian state during 2014–2017. Interpretive description along with thematic analysis of all interviews was undertaken.Findings: Four themes emerged from the interviews, each deriving from the participants’ experiences 1.Varying recognition of self-management requirement of diabetes; 2. Hypoglycaemia fear; 3. Treatment-based adaptation; and 4. Ownership / monitoring. Participants reported that they altered their diabetic regime/blood glucose management to undertake a course of HBOT.Discussion: Patient engagement throughout HBOT, leads them to elevate their blood glucose, although not advocated, to above normal levels, adopting these behavioural changes as a self-protective mechanism.Conclusion: Improving the patient experience of hyperbaric oxygen treatment is multifactorial and often dependant on the relationship between the clinician and the patient. Consistent monitoring of blood glucose during HBOT, may ameliorate negative feelings that are often associated with this treatment option.

The Prevalence of Depression and Its Association with Self-Management Behaviors in Chronic Disease Patients

Background: Co-morbid depression in patients with chronic disease is associated with weak self-care and high complications. Objective: The study aimed to determine the relationship of self-care behaviors and the kind of chronic disease with depression in adults with chronic disease in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in government healthcare centers. A total of 483 eligible consent respondents participated from March 2015 to June 2015. The “Stanford self-management questionnaire” and the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used for the assessment of self-management behaviors and depression. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 17 software. Results: The prevalence of depression in participants was 14.7%. There was a significant relationship between self-management behaviors such as physical activity (P 0.001) and skeletal disease patients (OR = 1.70, 95% CI (1.03 - 2.77), P < 0.05) than in other chronic disease patients. Conclusions: We found a negative association between depression and self-care activities in Iranian patients with chronic diseases. Psychological treatment for depression should be considered to improve the prognosis of chronic diseases.

Application of empowerment education concept in the health education for decompensated patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis

Objective To explore the empowerment education application effect on the healthy education for patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis. Methods A total of 100 cases of hepatitis B cirrhosis decompensation were selected from January to May 2017 in a ClassⅢ Grade A infectious disease specialist hospital in Nantong with convenience sampling method. All the research subjects were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method, with 50 cases in each group. Routine health guidance of clinical pathway was conducted for the control group, and empowerment education based on routine education was carried out for the observation group. Before and after the intervention, self-management behaviors, the incidence rate of cirrhosis complications and nursing job satisfaction in the two groups were compared respectively. Results There were 1 death case in the observation group and 2 cases discharged after 3 days in the control group during the intervention. Finally, there were 49 cases in the observation group and 48 cases in the control group. The evaluation scores of self-management behaviors which includes diet management, daily life management, medication administration, disease monitoring management were higher than those in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (t=-4.047, -3.635, -3.437, -3.831; P<0.05) . Satisfaction with nursing service which includes service attitude, communication ability, humanistic care and theoretical guidance in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (χ2=7.789, 6.804, 6.557, 6.239; P<0.05) . The incidence rate of cirrhosis complications which includes hepatic encephalopathy and electrolyte disorder was lower than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=4.549, 4.401; P<0.05) . Conclusions Empowerment education can improve self-management behavior of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and satisfaction, and reduce the incidence rate of complications. Key words: Hepatitis B; Liver cirrhosis; Health education; Decompensation period; Empowerment education

Effect of conductive health education on self-management behavior of patients with hypertension complicated with peptic ulcer

Effect of conductive health education on self-management behavior of patients with hypertension complicated with peptic ulcer

Role of Digital Games in Self-Management of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review.

Examine research on the use of digital games to improve self-management (SM) behaviors in patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diagnoses of hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, or myocardial infarction. For this scoping review, the CINAHL, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published from January 1, 2008 to December 20, 2017 using terms relevant to digital games and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Eight articles met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, seven of which presented studies with participants 50 years or older. Five of the eight studies assessed physical activity. Only two studies included a control group. Digital games significantly improved exercise capacity and energy expenditure but did not affect quality of life, self-efficacy, anxiety, or depression. Digital games were found enjoyable by 79%-93% of participants, including those with lower education or age; however, barriers to game use included being tired or bored, lack of interest in digital games, poor perception of fitness through games, sensor limitations, conflicts with daily life routine, and preferences for group exercise. Average adherence ranged from 70% to 100% over 2 weeks to 6 months of study duration, with higher adherence rates in studies that included human contact through supervision or social support. Paucity of studies about digital games for CVD SM behaviors precludes the need to undertake a full systematic review. Future studies examining digital games should include larger sample sizes, longer durations, game-design guided by behavioral change theoretical frameworks, and CVD SM behaviors in addition to physical activity behaviors.

Effect of diabetes base education combined with peer education on type 2 diabetes

Objective To observe the effect of diabetes base education combined with peer education on blood glucose control, metabolic index and self management level in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods 150 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A received diabetes base education, Group B received peer education group, and group C received peer education joint base education group. Before treatment and 6 months after treatment, fasting blood glucose (FPG), postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride(TG), cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure change, body mass index (BMI) were observed, so as to evalute the diabetes self-management behavior at the same time before and after treatment. Results After 6 months of intervention, FPG, 2 h PG, HbA1c, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, blood pressure, body weight and other metabolic indicators in the three groups were significantly improved (P 0.05). In group C, the blood glucose control index (FPG, 2 h PG, HbA1c) and the improvement of blood lipid were obviously superior to those in the group A and B (P<0.05). Conclusions The combination of base education and peer education can improve blood glucose control and blood lipid level in patients with type 2 diabetes, and can also promote self-management behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Health education

The status quo and influence of self-management behaviors in convalescent stroke patients

Abstract Objective The aims of this study were to investigate the status quo of self-management behaviors in stroke patients at the recovery stage and to explore its influencing factors. Methods A total of 440 hospitalized convalescent stroke patients were recruited and investigated using the Basic Situation Questionnaire, Self-management Behavior Scale of Stroke, Stroke Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire and Social Support Rating Scale. Results The mean self-management behavior score was (151.95±23.58), and dimensions in descending order were as follows: dietary management, drug safety management, social function and interpersonal relationships, life management, emotion management, rehabilitation exercise management and disease management. Five regional self-management behavior scores were statistically significant, and the scores from Minnan and Minzhong of the Fujian province, China, were higher than the others. Gender, age, family income and self-management behavior were significantly correlated (P&lt;0.05); educational level, stroke knowledge level, social support level and self-management behavior were positively correlated, and the difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.01). Conclusions The overall self-management level of convalescent stroke patients should be improved to strengthen health education; focus on the educational level, which is relatively low; strengthen the social support system of patients; stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of self-management disease patients to promote disease rehabilitation and improve the quality of life.

Investigating the Association Between Diabetes Distress and Self-Management Behaviors.

Diabetes distress has been linked with suboptimal glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. We evaluated the effect of diabetes distress on self-management behaviors in patients using insulin pumps. We analyzed the impact of diabetes distress on self-management behaviors using pump downloads from 129 adults treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) at a single hospital clinic. Exclusion criteria were CSII treatment <6 months, pregnancy, hemoglobinopathy, and continuous glucose monitoring/sensor use. People were categorized into three groups based on the Diabetes Distress Scale-2 (DDS-2) score: < 2.5, 2.5-3.9, > 4. Participants had a mean age of 45.2 ± 19.0 years; duration of diabetes 26.6 ± 16.2 years; duration of CSII 6.0 ± 3.5 years; HbA1c 8.0 ± 1.2%; and DDS-2 score 2.7 ± 1.3. Self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) frequency and bolus wizard usage was similar between groups. Patients with higher distress had higher HbA1c (7.7 ± 0.9 vs. 8.0 ± 0.9 vs. 8.7 ± 1.8; P = 0.004), lower frequency of set changes (4.7 ± 1.3vs. 4.8 ± 1.9 vs. 3.8 ± 1.1; P = .025), a greater number of appointments booked (5.8 ± 4.4 vs. 8.6 ± 4.8 vs. 8.1 ± 6.9; P = .021), and a greater number of appointments missed (1.9 ± 1.3 vs. 2.5 ± 1.5 vs. 3.8 ± 4.1; P = .004). Although in some patients, high distress may be caused by reduced self-management, in our highly trained, pump-using patients, high distress was associated with suboptimal biomedical outcomes despite appropriate self-management behaviors. Future work should further explore the relationships between diabetes distress, self-management, and glycemic control.

Effect of hospital-community-family linkage model on improving self-management behavior of patients with coronary heart disease

Objective To explore the effect of hospital-community-family linkage model on improving the self-management behavior of patients with coronary heart disease. Methods A total of 130 patients with coronary heart disease who were hospitalized in a Class Ⅲ Grade A hospital in Harbin were investigated from July to December 2016. Patients were divided into the observation group (65 cases) and control group (65 cases) according to the hospitalization order. The hospital-community-family linkage model was used in the observation group, while conventional hospital health education model was applied in the control group. The self-management behavior of patients in two groups was investigated using Coronary Self-Management Scale (CSMS) . Results At 6 months after discharge, the scores of daily life management, bad habits management, disease knowledge management, symptom management, emergency management and treatment compliance management in the observation group were (16.84±4.46) , (15.94±4.15) , (16.97±4.23) , (13.55±4.32) , (12.64±4.19) , and (10.86±3.54) , which were significantly higher than the control group (t=3.148, 2.716, 2.476, 2.384, 2.876, 4.427; P<0.05) . Conclusions Hospital-community-family linkage model can improve the self-management behavior of patients with coronary heart disease, which is worthy of promotion and application. Key words: Chronic disease; Hospital-community-family; Coronary heart disease; Self-management

Self-Management Behaviors Among Patients With Liver Cirrhosis in Shanghai, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Effective self-management of liver cirrhosis requires medication adherence and lifestyle modifications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-management behaviors of liver cirrhosis patients and how their knowledge of cirrhosis, psychological status, and self-efficacy contributes to self-management practices in Shanghai, China. Subjects were recruited from the hepatology units in an infectious hospital in Shanghai, China. Self-administered questionnaires were collected and medical charts were reviewed by the research staff. A total of 134 subjects were enrolled from November 2016 to March 2017. The results indicate that the self-management behaviors mean score was 2.51 out of 4 and that depression, severity of cirrhosis, and self-efficacy significantly affected self-management behaviors and explained 22.9% of the total variance. The findings also indicate that psychological stress, disease severity, and self-efficacy affected self-management behaviors in liver cirrhosis patients. Interventions focusing on decreasing depression and enhancing self-efficacy according to disease severity should improve self-management behaviors in this population.

Influence of Relationship Partners on Self-Efficacy for Self-Management Behaviors Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Individuals with type 2 diabetes must engage in daily self-management behaviors to prevent complications. Given that management may be shared with a person’s romantic partner, we examined both patients’ and their partners’ perceptions of relationship characteristics that were hypothesized to affect patients’ self-efficacy for diabetes management. Adults with type 2 diabetes and their partners (n = 52 couples, 104 individuals) completed measures of three aspects of relationships that are theorized to affect self-efficacy: partner investment, partner support, and relationship satisfaction. Patients reported their self-efficacy for diabetes management and weekly frequency of diabetes self-management behaviors. A common fate modeling approach in which constructs were modeled as agreement between partner reports showed that relationship factors (investment, support, and satisfaction) significantly predicted patient self-efficacy (R2 = 0.49), which in turn predicted patient self-management behaviors. This model fit the data well [χ2 (41) = 48.60, P = 0.19; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.96; root mean square error of approximation = 0.06; and standardized root mean square residual = 0.07]. Interventions designed to support patients in their self-efficacy for self-management behavior may be improved through consideration of patients’ romantic relationships.

Barriers and facilitators to diabetes self-management in a primary care setting - Patient perspectives.

Diabetes self-management (DSM) is a key element in the overall management of type-2 diabetes (T2DM). Identifying barriers and facilitators to DSM and addressing them is a critical step in achieving improved health outcomes in this population. To assess patient reported barriers and facilitators to self-management of T2DM in a primary care setting. This cross sectional study combined patient survey data with electronic medical record (EMR) data. Patients (age≥18 years) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM (ICD-9 code: 250. xx) and having ≥2 physician visits were identified from a physician group's EMR database. Patients were grouped based on their A1C levels: <7, 7-9, and >9. Information on demographics, knowledge of diabetes, attitudes, health beliefs, and level of self-management was collected through survey administration. Survey responses were linked to the EMR data, and additional patient information was extracted. A total of 2100 surveys were administered (700 in each A1C category) of which 210 responses were received (10% response rate). Mean age was 63.7 years ( ±11.79), 108 (51.4%) were males, and 197 (93.8%) were Caucasian. Age (X2 = 15.73, p < 0.01), insurance status (X2 = 12.03, p < 0.05), referral to an endocrinologist (X2 = 6.17, p < 0.05), level of self-management (X2 = 12.01, p < 0.05) and willingness to use insulin (X2 = 9.8, p < 0.01) were associated with glycemic variability. Level of self-management (X2 = 33.04, p < 0.01) and referral to an endocrinologist (X2 = 11.11, p < 0.01) were associated with readiness to change DSM behavior. Better self-management, older age, lower willingness to use insulin, and 'less than graduate level' education were significant predictors of glycemic stability. Self-management behavior of patients with T2DM is strongly associated with glycemic stability. Interventions directed towards improving self-management in this population may result in improved clinical outcomes.

The Effects of Group Discussion Based Education on the Promotion of Self-Management Behaviors in Hemodialysis Patients.

Introduction: Improving self-management of the patients undergoing hemodialysis is an effective way to reduce complications and to improve the quality of life of them. The current study aims to assess the effects of group discussion on the promotion of self-management behaviors in hemodialysis patients. Methods: In this quasi -experimental clinical trial study (with experimental and control groups) 60 patients were arranged in two experimental and control groups through using convenience sampling with random allocation. Self-management interventions were conducted on the experimental group during 3 to 4 sessions of group discussion. The control group received routine interventions. The data were collected through Li and colleagues' self-management standard questionnaire before and 3 months after the intervention. The data were analyzed via SPSS software version 13 and chi-square, t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon test. Results: The results showed that the mean scores of four dimension of self-management including participation with the medical team, problem solving, self-care and emotional management after the implementation of group were significantly different between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: Based on the findings, group discussion was an effective educational method to promote self-management of chronic hemodialysis patients. Therefore, holding group discussion to reinforce the self- management behaviors in patients undergoing hemodialysis is recommended.

Development and preliminary validation of the chronic hepatitis B self-management scale

BackgroundsChronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients may face many problems resulted from their conditions. To delay the progress of CHB, patients should be responsible for the management of their conditions. There is no dedicated scale for assessing self-management behaviors of CHB patients. ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop and validate a self-report measure designed to assess the self-management behaviors for CHB patients (CHBSMS). DesignA cross-sectional descriptive study design. SettingParticipants were recruited from the infectious disease department of two hospitals in China. ParticipantsA sample of 248 and 346 CHB patients for item analysis and test for validity and reliability, respectively. MethodsAn initial 45-item scale developed based on item generation and a two-round Delphi survey was assessed by CHB patients for item analysis to develop a final scale. Construct validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Chronic Disease Self-Management Behavior Scale (CDSMBS) was used to test the criterion validity. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed by Cronbach's α coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. ResultsA 25-item scale was developed. EFA indicated a four-factor structure (symptom management, lifestyle management, psychosocial coping and disease information management), which accounted for 58.149% of the total variance. CFA indicated appropriate fit of the four-factor model. The total scores of CHBSMS was correlated with that of CDSMBS (r = 0.634, P < 0.01). The Cronbach's α coefficient (α = 0.887) and the test-retest correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.871) showed good internal consistency and stability of the scale. ConclusionsThe 25-item CHBSMS is a reliable and valid measure that can be used to assess the self-management behaviors of CHB patients for improving patient education and health-related outcomes.