Self-learning Program Research Articles

«Theory of everything»: types of information and the theory of interpretation in «Philosophy of chance» by Stanisław Lem

The article is focused on the S. Lem’s perspective of the literary work as a product of the reader’s apprehension of the text in the culture discourse. The aim of the research is to describe the Lem’s view on the structure of the text; Lem’s encounter as a writer, a reader, and a philosopher is used to state the conditions and characteristics of the text interpretation. By the means of multiple introspection the author of “Philosophy of chance” devotes his research to the explanation of his model of the literary work as a product of the social-cultural existence. Moreover, the author’s aim is to state the characteristics of the text creation and interpretation. Therefore, the research shows a new, “cybernetic” approach to the text interpretation based on the comparison between the text structural characteristics and the rules of the mathematical theory of probability and the theory of information. The futurological view lies in the hypothesis about the text as a “self-learning program” (also known as a neuronet) which can transform due to the developing conditions of the interpretation process. As a matter of fact, S. Lem highlights two types of information: selective and structural. Both types might be identified in the text, but that depends on the reader, his encounter and expertise.

EFL Teachers’ Perspectives on the English Textbooks of the Adopted Self-Learning Program in Northern Syria

This study investigates the perspectives of the English language teachers who teach the adopted Self-Learning Program English Textbooks in North-west Syria by evaluating the English textbooks. It analyses the effectiveness and suitability of this curriculum in non-formal education settings considering the crisis context in Syria. So, to get an actual evaluation of the English textbooks, teachers proved their viewpoints on the context of teaching and the students’ educational levels during war conditions. In this mixed method research, the first tool was a questionnaire with 49 items distributed into five structured dimensions: layout and design, the objectives of the textbook, teaching methods and activities, and language skills. The second tool focused on the qualitative data obtained from interviews with five open-ended questions. A total of respondents from 106 English language teachers in the northern Syria crisis region, 43 females and 63 males, and five separate interviews. Over 60% of teachers believe that the adapted Self-Learning Program English textbooks are appropriate to the context and include a precise sequence of English units that fit children’s needs in northern Syrian crisis contexts.

Empowering Teachers' Learning to Develop Students' Inspirational Skills

This research was based on a project to empower teachers to develop their skills as motivational players for their students. It is one of a series of research projects on 21st century skills which was an operation that recognized the importance of the knowledge-based and digital society. It brought together a variety of perspectives on the development of 21st century skills spreading across the Internet. The gathered data were processed through research methodology leading to the attainment of educational innovations that can be used for the development of people who would later develop their own work for the professional betterment. It was expected that if a person has knowledge and put that knowledge into practice, it would empower that people to work more efficiently. By doing so, a working concept is changed from "knowledge is power" to "knowledge and action is power". From this concept had led to the conceptual framework of Research and Development (R&D) methodology used in this research that encourages the use of educational innovations for teacher empowerment then teachers apply the learned knowledge for the student development. The outcome of this current research is an innovation called an online self-learning program for the teacher empowerment and the development of teachers’ skills as student motivator. The online learning program was attested through the research method and proved to have helped the teachers and the students to attain the following criteria: 1) The teacher learning outcome on the posttest score met the standard criteria of 90/90 and the posttest score was significantly higher than the pretest score, and 2) The posttest score from the students' inspirational skill assessment was significantly higher than the pretest score. Based on this finding, it was sufficient to say that the online self-learning program it's efficient to be used for the development of teachers and students in the secondary schools under the jurisdiction of the national commissions of basic education. The application of this online learning program would be beneficial for educational management and encourage freedom of learning where people can learn anywhere anytime.

The role of self-learning in the practical training among preschool teachers

<span lang="EN-US">The article examines conditions for effective implementation of self-learning program in the training preschool teachers. The following research methods were used: pedagogical experiment, testing, observation, activity analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student’s t-test. An independent variable of the experiment was the self-learning program of preschool teachers developed through quality feedback and self-analysis. The professional competence of preschool teachers is studied through a system of components: motivational, cognitive, activity and reflective. Motivational and reflective components are less developed than cognitive and activity ones. It was found that the self-learning program is more effective for the development of cognitive, activity and reflective components, while the motivational component was less developed. It is established that the basic conditions for the effectiveness of professional self-learning is feedback from the program developer and ensuring quality pedagogical reflection of one’s actions. The following blocks of material were the most problematic for the assimilation of in the developed course: the physiological characteristics of children, speech and thinking of preschoolers, various aspects of the organization of learning and play in preschool education. The data can be used in the self-learning practice of preschool teachers and students to stimulate professional development. Further prospects for the study of the problem include improving the self-learning program for implementation in higher educational institutions. It is important to optimize the ways of development of preschool teachers’ pedagogical reflection. The development of standardized forms of assessment of acquired competencies is worth noting.</span>

Feasibility of an educational program for public health nurses to promote local healthcare planning: protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPromoting of local healthcare planning is crucial for assisting public health nurses in improving community health inequities. However, there is no effective educational program for developing relevant skills and knowledge among these nurses. Therefore, this study aims to assess the feasibility of a newly developed web-based self-learning program to promote the involvement of public health nurses in the local healthcare planning process.MethodsA pilot randomized control trial randomly allocated eligible public health nurses to intervention and control wait-list groups [1:1]. The former will be exposed to six web-based learning modules from July to October 2021. After collecting post-test data, the wait-list group will be exposed to the same modules to ensure learning equity. The primary outcome will be evaluated by implementing a validated and standardized scale designed to measure public health policy competencies at the baseline and post-intervention, while secondary outcome will be measured on an action scale to demonstrate the necessity of healthcare activities. The third outcome will be the knowledge and skills related to local healthcare planning by public health nurses. The participants will provide feedback through free descriptions on the trial feasibility and a web-based self-learning program to identify improvement points for continual refinement.DiscussionThe results will provide suggestions in preparation for a future definitive randomized controlled trial. This will provide preliminary data for an intervention aimed at improving relevant competencies among public health nurses who are tasked with resolving health inequities in their respective communities through local health planning.Trial registrationThe protocol for this study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry and approved by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (No. UMIN000043628, March 23, 2021).

A Study on the Effect of Digital Fabrication in Social Studies Education

One of the learning methods that is increasingly being practiced in primary and secondary education is inquiry-based learning. This is not just a class to teach knowledge, but to practice activities to search for and discern the significance and essence of things. In social studies education, various trials and errors are being conducted, such as learning local history through fieldwork, and new approaches suitable for inquiry-based learning are being sought. In this study, as a new approach to social studies education, we developed a self-learning program that enables teachers to create original 3D educational materials using digital fabrication technology. We conducted an experiment in which students who wished to become social studies teachers participated in the program, created 3D educational materials, and taught a class using the materials. As a result, all the subjects who took the self-learning program could create 3D educational materials and give classes using them. The subjects' opinions suggested that practicing classes using 3D educational materials is effective for teacher education. This contributes to STEAM education, which has been spreading recently in the field of education, and this case study can be seen as a novel model.

Optimization of Extrusion-Based 3D Printing Process Using Neural Networks for Sustainable Development.

Technological and material issues in 3D printing technologies should take into account sustainable development, use of materials, energy, emitted particles, and waste. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the sustainability of 3D printing processes can be supported by computational intelligence (CI) and artificial intelligence (AI) based solutions. We present a new AI-based software to evaluate the amount of pollution generated by 3D printing systems. We input the values: printing technology, material, print weight, etc., and the expected results (risk assessment) and determine if and what precautions should be taken. The study uses a self-learning program that will improve as more data are entered. This program does not replace but complements previously used 3D printing metrics and software.

A Randomised Controlled Trial of a Caregiver-Facilitated Problem-Solving Based Self-Learning Program for Family Carers of People with Early Psychosis.

Facilitated self-help and problem-solving strategies can empower and support family carers to cope with caregiving for people with severe mental illnesses. This single-blind multi-site randomised controlled trial examined the effects of a five-month family-facilitated problem-solving based self-learning program (PBSP in addition to usual care), versus a family psychoeducation group program and usual psychiatric care only in recent-onset psychosis, with a six-month follow-up. In each of three study sites (integrated community centres for mental wellness), 114 people with early psychosis (≤5 years illness onset) and their family carers were randomly selected and allocated to one of three study groups (n = 38). Caregiving burden (primary outcome) and patients’ and carers’ health conditions were assessed at recruitment, and one-month and six-months post-intervention. Overall, 106 (94.7%) participants completed the assigned intervention and ≥1 post-test. Generalised estimating equations and subsequent contrast tests indicated that the PBSP participants showed significantly greater improvements in carers’ burden, caregiving experiences and problem-solving ability, and patients’ psychotic symptoms, recovery, and duration of re-hospitalisations over the six-month follow-up, compared with the other two groups (moderate to large effect size, η2 = 0.12–0.24). Family-assisted problem-solving based self-learning programs were found to be effective to improve both psychotic patients’ and their carers’ psychosocial health over a medium term, thus reducing patients’ risk of relapse.

Virtual reality as training aid for manual spacecraft docking

The ability to manually dock a spacecraft to a space station can be crucial for astronauts during space missions. The computer-based self-learning program 6df is an abstract docking simulation for acquisition and maintenance of the underlying skill to control six degrees of freedom. One of the difficulties of this complex task is to construct a mental representation of the own position and orientation in space, based only on two-dimensional information. To facilitate this and possibly further improve the learning process, a new three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic presentation of the program is tested. This study investigates whether there is faster learning progress with 3D presentation compared to standard 2D presentation. 24 participants of the Artificial Gravity Bed Rest Study with ESA (AGBRESA) participated in the 6df docking experiment. Each of them completed 20 training sessions which lasted approximately 45 min and were conducted twice a week. The learning program is self-sufficient and adapts itself to individual learning speed. Half of the participants were presented with an UNITY-based stereoscopic visualization of docking, whereas the other half used the standard 2D version of the learning program 6df. Learning progress was measured as the number of tasks needed to reach a target task. Results overall indicate a slightly faster learning progress when using 3D technology, but no long-term performance advantages. The small benefit might not justify the usage of costlier and operationally limiting 3D systems.

Evaluación de It's My Turn, una herramienta de autoaprendizaje de inglés como lengua extranjera para contextos rurales de Chile.

This paper presents the results of a study that tested the effectiveness of a self-learning program implemented by the Chilean Ministry of Education, It's my Turn, to promote English learning in rural contexts, throughout Chile. Student learning was measured in 10 rural schools (N students =120) in the Metropolitan Region (Santiago Capital). Pre- and post-tests were used to measure learning; observations were carried out to examine the actual use of the learning resource in the classroom; and questionnaires were applied to find out the teachers' perceptions of the program. A t-test yielded a significant difference between the pre- and post-tests (p < 0,0001). Classroom observations evidenced that teachers used the program in various ways, and the questionnaires showed that teachers have different views on the program's effectiveness. The combination of quantitative and qualitative results leads to the conclusion that the program does favor learning, but also suggests the need for changes in its implementation.

فاعلیة برنامج مقترح بأستخدام التعلم الذاتى (المودیولات التعلیمیة) فى تطویر الأداء المهنى التدریسى لدى معلمة الروضة بدولة الکویت

ملخص البحث: تؤکد الباحثتين على أهمية الإعداد المهنى والتربوى التدريسى لمعلمة الروضة من خلال البرامج التدريبية والتى تعتمد على التعليم الذاتى ولا سيما (الموديولات التعليمية)، وتکتسب الدراسة أهميتها العلمية من خلال التعرف على فاعلية برنامج مقترح بأستخدام التعلم الذاتى (الموديولات التعليمية) فى تطوير الأداء المهنى التدريسى لدى معلمة الروضة بدولة الکويت. Abstract: It confirms the researchers on the importance of vocational preparation and educational teaching a kindergarten teacher through training programs, which rely on self-education, especially (educational modules), and gaining the study of scientific importance by recognizing the effectiveness of the proposal with the self-learning program (educational modules) in the performance of professional teaching when developing kindergarten teacher in Kuwait.

An Automated Self-Learning Quantification System to Identify Visible Areas in Capsule Endoscopy Images.

Visibility in capsule endoscopic images is presently evaluated through intermittent analysis of frames selected by a physician. It is thus subjective and not quantitative. A method to automatically quantify the visibility on capsule endoscopic images has not been reported. Generally, when designing automated image recognition programs, physicians must provide a training image; this process is called supervised learning. We aimed to develop a novel automated self-learning quantification system to identify visible areas on capsule endoscopic images. The technique was developed using 200 capsule endoscopic images retrospectively selected from each of three patients. The rate of detection of visible areas on capsule endoscopic images between a supervised learning program, using training images labeled by a physician, and our novel automated self-learning program, using unlabeled training images without intervention by a physician, was compared. The rate of detection of visible areas was equivalent for the supervised learning program and for our automatic self-learning program. The visible areas automatically identified by self-learning program correlated to the areas identified by an experienced physician. We developed a novel self-learning automated program to identify visible areas in capsule endoscopic images.

Development of Self-Learning Program for the Bending Process of Quartz Glass

Quartz glass is a high-performance glass material with its high heat and chemical resistance, wide optical transparency ranging from ultraviolet light to infrared light, and the high formativeness as a glass material. Because it has high morphological stability due to its heat resistance and low thermal expansion, it is widely used as material for specialized research and development or high-precision components. There are several techniques to process quartz glass material, and an important process among them is the fire processing. The fire processing requires technology to heat and mold glass material in high temperature, and high-quality processing is done by the manual works of experts. In this study, we focused on bending work, which is the process that demands particularly high skill among the fire processing. We developed a self-learning program for beginners to improve their skill in short time by using the bending know-hows of the experts that were clarified through process analysis, product evaluation and an interview with the expert, and examined its effectiveness. As a result, a consistent educational effect was observed in the bending skill improvement of the beginner in a short period of time.

The Research and Application of Learning Program in Adaptive Learning System

Nowadays, to achieve quality education and lifelong education has become the requirements of the educational system, people pay more attention to the improvement of people's overall quality and the development of personality characteristics in education. Although the traditional classroom teaching model is changing to personalized education gradually, there is little progress of the personalized teaching as the constraints of the traditional pattern whole class teaching. With the computer technology and network technology application development, the emergence of adaptive learning systems to enable people to see the realization of personalized education and the dawn of life-long education. Adaptive learning system, through the design knowledge base, rule base and the learner characteristics of the teaching library, in order to achieve for the learner characteristics of personalized teaching. However, the ever-changing personality characteristics of learners to achieve a true highly adaptive learning system has not yet achieved, Therefore, the study personality characteristics of learners, Designed to guide the learners self-learning law program and in accordance with the teaching process personality characteristics of learners is to improve the adaptive learning system key.

Development of a recovery education program for inpatient mental health providers.

Mental health system transformation toward a recovery-orientation has created a demand for education to equip providers with recovery competencies. This report describes the development of a recovery education program designed specifically for inpatient providers. Part 1 of the education is a self-learning program introducing recovery concepts and a recovery competency framework; Part 2 is a group-learning program focusing on real-life dilemmas and applying the Appreciative Inquiry approach to address these clinical dilemmas. A pilot study with a pretest/posttest design was used to evaluate the program. Participants included 26 inpatient multidisciplinary providers from 3 hospitals. The results showed participants' improvement on recovery knowledge (z = -2.55, p = .011) after the self-learning program. Evaluations of the group-learning program were high (4.21 out of 5). These results support continued efforts to refine the program. Inpatient providers could use this program to lead interprofessional practice in promoting recovery.

News from the CDC: chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and standardized patient videos — a novel approach to educating medical students about CFS

News from the CDC: chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and standardized patient videos — a novel approach to educating medical students about CFS

Video Clip for Continuous Medical Education(Cme) of Operation Theater Nurse in the Field of Living Donor Liver Transplatation

Continuing medical education(CME) for nursing activity in operating theater has important role to enhance the safety of patient as well as work efficiency. For CME, various types of program including lecture, test, publication, etc can be employed. However, well-made video clip can provide much enlightenment about the surgical procedure. It is an additional advantage of video clip in CME that it can be used for self-learning program. In our institution, annual more than 300 cases of living donor liver transplantation(LDLT) have been performed. Therefore, the number of nurse requiring education about became more and more. For the CME of operating theater nurse, we made video clip containing motion picture describing detail procedure of LDLT. In 2007, we made the video clip of LDLT for donor at first. The clip for donor contains motion picture and animation which is divided into 7 steps including preparation of instrumental table, the procedure of hepatectomy, bench surgery, thawing of cryopreserved allograft vessel, measures for patient safety and the management of equipment. The running time was 43 minutes. In 2010, the video clip of recipient surgery was made. The running time is also 43 minutes. It contains preparation of instrumental table, the procedure of recipient hepatectomy, implantation procedure and handling of extra-corporeal bypass pump machine. We handed out this video clip to operating theater nurses and visiting nurse from foreign country. During 4 years, we have got feed-back from users of this video clip and plan to update contents. And we anticipate that this video clip will contributes to enhance the actual quality of nursing activity in operating theater.

Case Based Review Questions, Review Sessions, and Call Schedule Type Enhance Knowledge Gains in a Surgical Clerkship

Medical students in surgical clerkships must gain surgical knowledge while doing clinical rotations. We developed a self-learning program, which is case based, the Case Review Question (CRQ) system. Our hypothesis was that students who used CRQs would score higher on the summative test, Surgery NBME (National Board of Medical Examiners). The setting is a surgical clerkship in a Liaison Council for Medical Education (LCME) approved Medical School, with summative examination using the NBME shelf examination in Surgery. Each CRQ document is a series of 20 to 25 questions based on cases. The cases are a paragraph, with pertinent medical facts and extra facts as distracters. The students are encouraged to use these questions to guide study. Students must come to a review session to hear the answers and a discussion. We review the NBME Surgery shelf examination scores taken before and after this program was initiated, along with changes in rotation group size, call schedule type, and other changes. CRQs, review sessions, and call schedule changes improved scores. NBME examination average rose from 77.12 to 82.01 (p = 0.004) after the CRQ program was initiated. Call schedule revision improved scores: intermittent call NBME score was 80.98, whereas night float schedule mean NBME was 84.66 (p < 0.001). During night float call, the CRQ program was already in effect, so that there is no non-CRQ program comparison group. Students scored higher in the second semester, throughout the study. First semester students scored a mean of 79.11, whereas second semester students scored 84.195 (p < 0.001). By the end of the study, there were no failures on the NBME examination, even in the first semester. The factors of presence of the CRQ program, review sessions, call schedule type, and which semester were all significant in a correlation matrix against NBME scores and in a regression analysis (p < 0.001). The CRQ program of case-based self-study was associated with higher scores on the NBME shelf examination, as a summative test of medical knowledge in surgery.

Knowledge and practice outcomes after home blood pressure measurement education programs

We investigated the outcomes of three home blood pressure measurement (HBPM) education programs on adult knowledge and practice. We chose a pretest/post-test design and randomly divided 95 adults into three groups: individual training (group A), group training (group B), and self-learning (group C), for education regarding HBPM in accordance with the Canadian Hypertension Education Program. Participants involved in groups A and B received interactive education led by a nurse. Participants in group C learned by themselves using an instruction booklet and a HBPM device lent to them for 7 days. Knowledge was assessed pretest and post-test by questionnaire. Skills were evaluated postintervention by direct observation. Analysis of the 60 participants indicated significant knowledge improvement. Pretest scores of 38 (group A), 54 (group B), and 45% (group C) rose significantly to 97, 99, and 90%, respectively (pretest vs. post-test; P<0.0001). Individual and group training sessions were significantly more effective compared with the self-learning program, which was confirmed by differences between groups in post-test practice. Assessment scores: 74 (group A), 79 (group B), and 53% (group C; group A vs. group C; P=0.001, group B vs. group C; P=0.001). Our findings indicate that adults attending an individual or group training program for HBPM retained its theoretical and practical principles better than those engaged in self-learning. Their success may be attributed to interaction with the nurse.

Analisa Efektifitas Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris antara Metode In-Class dengan Metode Self Learning dengan Media Komputer

The purpose of this study was to measure the effectiveness of learning English between the methods in-class with a method of self-learning using computer aids and operational support staff in an international school. The research method used is descriptive method with a final score comparing between learning results and analyze how the increased English proficiency. A gap still exists in terms of English language proficiency for the operational support staff, we conducted this training program in the classroom with instructors as mentors and teachers in the learning process. And due to busy work schedules and shift changes are different, this learning program made independently by using a computer. The participants who experienced an increase in value is only one person or 6.67%. With these results it may be concluded that a training program with the guidance of instructors in the classroom are more effective and successful in providing a better ability than the self-learning program with the help of computers. Things that affect, among others, are motivation to learn, as seen from the low frequency of attendance at the laboratory (average 93.33% attendance below the required number of attendance), for participants with secondary education level and lower, self-study programs does not seem to be effective, and computer media can not replace the function of a mentor or teacher.