Children's Self-image Research Articles

Norwegian speech-language pathologists treatment practices for preschool children who stutter: An explorative study

PurposeThis study investigated the treatment practices of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with preschool children who stutter to explore variations in service delivery and, consequently to better inform and support evidence-based practice. Method121 Norwegian SLPs completed an online survey about stuttering treatment for preschool children aged up to six years. They reported on treatment training, choices, setting, dosage, and outcomes. Data was analysed descriptively. Correlation analyses between years of clinical experience and clinician perceived outcomes were conducted. ResultSixty-eight percent of SLPs were trained in one or more stuttering treatment programs. The majority of SLPs (83 %) provided treatment in person in preschool centers; 59 % reported providing treatment once a week. Thirty-four percent of SLPs reported that they often or always delivered the whole treatment program. Treatment practice addressed various elements, including advising parents about language and communication strategies, supporting the child's self-image, and perceived outcomes. The SLPs reported their clinician perceived outcomes as ‘always’ or ‘often’ reduction of audible stuttering (70 %), reduced cognitive and emotional reactions (55 %), and improved communication skills (58 %). Factors influencing treatment choices were identified at the systemic level (e.g., work place regulations) and individual level (e.g., SLPs competency, child’s best). ConclusionStuttering treatment services in Norway differ from those reported in existing literature as treatment is given in preschool settings, only 34 % of SLPs deliver programs as intended whilst the majority use treatment elements only, and still experience positive changes. Provision is variable, and seems influenced by SLP training and competence.

A Study on the Change of Children's Self-Image : Focused on Bion's Containment(Projective Identification) Theory

A Study on the Change of Children's Self-Image : Focused on Bion's Containment(Projective Identification) Theory

CITRA DIRI SUNDA SEBAGAI FONDASI PEMBANGUNAN MENTAL MANUSIA JAWA BARAT DI ERA SOCIETY 5.0

The crystallization of values ​​that need to be built in the Sundanese culture are penance hone, penance, and penance. The form of anxiety that arises in this study is the mental development process of humans holding Sundanese culture in the future. Sundanese culture is currently participating in the industrial revolution 4.0 era. Various efforts must be made to maintain and even improve the human mentality of Sundanese culture owners so that they remain and are able to live together, bring, and elevate the dignity of Sundanese culture to the world surface in the era of society 5.0. One of the logical and realistic efforts to deal with this anxiety is through the application of pedagogic concepts through a Sundanese cultural approach as a jack for inculcating a Sundanese self-image in children in the world of children's education in West Java province in order to build a human mentality that is ready and worthy of living in the West Java province. era of society 5.0.
 Key Word: Self Image, Mental, Sundanese Culture, Era Society 5.0

Self-image of children with parents working abroad

Like other countries, Romania exports labour permanently or seasonally. In the secondscenario, the question of the psychological price paid by children left at home arises. A number of answers have already been accumulated, but this natural experiment of occupational migration still off ers much room for investigation. Can the ontogenetic dynamics of childhood self-image act as a protective factor? Does the constellation of parental absence matter? How do the two variables interfere on global self-image/on sub-components? These are the stakes of the present study, carried out on a group of 175 preschoolers and young schoolchildren from the cities of Galați and Iași. We opted for one of the multidimensional paradigms of self-identity [11] and a 2x3 research design. There are two novelties, relatively counterintuitive, compared to other similar researches in terms of topic: - in the case of self-image, there are no diff erences between children with one absent parent and those with both parents present; - identification of the fact that participants with both parents present have a self-image centred on aggressive behaviour more accentuated than children with absent parents.

Changes in self-image after pectus carinatum brace treatment

Background/PurposePectus carinatum (PC) is a chest wall deformity resulting in anterior protrusion of the chest. PC does not typically result in significant physical or cardiopulmonary symptoms, but patients with this condition can experience a disturbed body image, lower self-esteem and reduced quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-image and non-surgical correction of PC using a brace. MethodsThis study was a descriptive, pre-post survey design. The sample included children ages 11 to <18 years undergoing PC treatment with the dynamic compressor system. Subjects completed the modified Pectus Excavatum Evaluation Questionnaire (mPEEQ) at the onset of bracing and again once PC correction was completed. ResultsNinety-seven subjects were enrolled at the time of bracing, and 41 achieved correction and took the second survey. The mean age was 14 years and 80% were male. There was a statistically significant (p<0.001) improvement in body self-image between the first and second surveys. ConclusionsNon-surgical correction of PC with the dynamic compressor system resulted in an improvement in the self-image of children. Prognosis studyLevel of Evidence II

Going forward comprehensively

Fleshing out the definition of comprehensive education to include vital issues related to the act of teaching, this article considers reforms to be undertaken by practitioners alongside the political legislation required to achieve a fully comprehensive system of secondary schools. The effects of selection, such as the widening attainment gap, the impact of external testing and the culture of testing, together with the growth of setting and streaming are considered. There is a further examination of the relationship between the learner and the teacher, and the deeply influential results of segregation on children's self-image and readiness to learn. Finland is offered as a model of freedom from testing and successful, wholly non-competitive, mixed-ability teaching.

Exploring the Concepts of Abuse and Neglect of Children in Victorian Novel: A Revisitation of Dickens’ Works

The long term abuse of children, physically, emotionally, sexually or through neglect can have major long-term effects on all aspects of a child's health, development and well-being. This emotional violence is likely to have a deep impact on the child's self-image and self-esteem, and on his or her future life. This article is a critical exploration of Charles Dickens’ novels, Oliver Twist and David Copperfield that has been slightly adapted from my doctoral dissertation, to pinpoint aspects of moral and physical violence Victorian children are exposed to during the Industrial Revolution in England, in order to examine its impacts on their emotional development and make suggestions for a sustained solutions to the same plights devastating African children.

THE IMPACT OF FAMILY EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES ON ABNORMAL PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

This paper presents the most relevant parentig strategies and their impact on personality development. Abnormal personality follows the same type of evolution as the normal personality, in terms of the nature of the determinants factors of development. The quality of these factors and their actions makes the difference. We have presented some factors: (1) family educational practices, (2) parental education strategies (3) dimensions of parental behavior (4) alienated family behaviors and their impact on the the development of abnormal personality. All these inadequate educational strategies will disrupt the normal process of personality development, alter the child's self-image, his cognitive schemas, relational modalities, and increase the risk of building a rigid, defensive personality. Early identification of such risks and intervention on the child and family may have real prophylactic and curative effects.

Psychosocial functioning, self-image, and quality of life in children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder associated with neurocutaneus manifestations, as well as attention and learning problems. The aim of this study was to examine the psychosocial functioning, quality of life, and self-image of children with NF1. Two hundred forty participants were recruited, comprising 60 children and adolescents with NF1, 60 parents of children with NF1, 60 children and adolescents without NF1, and 60 parents of children without NF1. The children/adolescents completed the Self-administered Psychiatric Scales test for Children and Adolescents and the human figure drawing test, whereas parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist. Both children and parents completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Compared to healthy subjects, individuals with NF1 reported anxiety problems, poorer quality of life, and greater distortions in terms of self-image. When compared to healthy participants' parents, the parents of NF1 participants reported having more concerns about the quality of life, sociality, school performance, and attention span of their children. Results show that the psychological functioning, behavior, self-image, and quality of life of children and adolescents with NF1 are compromised. Health services should take into account the psychosocial difficulties associated with NF1 and design rehabilitation programs aimed at increasing NF1 children's interpersonal skills, improving their social life and quality of life, and promoting more adaptive behaviors. In addition, health care interventions should also involve the parents of children with NF1.

Ecological self-image and behaviours for children living on the streets of Harare

ABSTRACTThe present study sought to explore the relationship between street childhood and adolescent ecological self-image. The research objectives were to investigate the nature of ecological self-image for street children and to determine the ecological behaviours for street children in Harare. A psycho-ethnographic research design was employed. The participants were 16 street-living adolescent children aged between 12 and 18 years and six key informants, all in Harare, Zimbabwe. A total of 22 participants took part in this study. Snowballing was used to recruit key informant interviewees, while purposive sampling was used to recruit participants for focus group discussions, in-depth interview, and participant and non-participant observations. Thematic content analysis was used for analysing the data. Data analysis revealed that the adolescent street children's ecological self-image is largely negative. These street children seemed to have estranged from their biological families to identify with the streets.

The Religious–Spiritual Self-Image and Behaviours Among Adolescent Street Children in Harare, Zimbabwe

The present study sought to explore the relationship between street childhood and adolescent religious-spiritual self-image. In Zimbabwe, there has been a rise in street children population in the urban centres. The current study investigated whether adolescent street children live and work in an eco-developmentally risky context for the development of positive religious-spiritual self-image. This rise in street children population has been in the context of a socio-politico-economic crisis, which was marked by record inflation rates and the HIV and AIDS pandemic. The research objectives were to investigate the nature of religious-spiritual self-image for street-living adolescent children, and to determine the effects of self-image on the behaviour of street-living adolescent children. A psycho-ethnographic research design was employed in this study. This involved collection of data for a sustained period in the context within which the participants live. The participants were 16 street-living adolescent children aged between 12 and 18 years and six key informants all in Harare in Zimbabwe. A total of 22 participants took part in this study. Snowballing was used to recruit key informant interviewees, while purposive sampling was used to recruit participants for focus group discussions, in-depth interview, and participant and non-participant observations. Key informant interviews, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and participant and non-participant observations were the data collection methods. Thematic content analysis was used for analysing the data. This thematic content analytic method helped to identify themes on the religious-spiritual self-image that emerged from the data. Data analysis revealed that the adolescent street children's religious-spiritual self-image is largely negative. Most street-living adolescent children believed that they were controlled and influenced by evil spirits and that their relatives were casting bad spells on them. The negative religious-spiritual self-image among the street children had important negative implications on psychological functioning, moral behaviours, and social relations for the street-living children.

Medication use in Indian children with asthma: The user's perspective

Despite the high prevalence of asthma in children, there has been limited research into patient perception of medication use, particularly in the developing world. This study therefore aimed to carry out an in-depth exploration of the views of carers and children with asthma on asthma medication use. Grounded theory approach was used to conduct semistructured qualitative interviews in a purposive convenience sample of parents and children with asthma. The participants were recruited from two specialty hospitals in New Delhi, India. Interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Twenty children (7-12 years old) with asthma and their parent or carer were interviewed in July 2011. Major reported issues included poor parent and child understanding of disease and medications. Fears, misinformed beliefs and lack of self-management skills were apparent. Child self-image, resistance to medication use and lack of responsibility in medication taking were themes that emerged from child interviews. This is one of the first research studies exploring the viewpoint of children with asthma about their medications. Resource constraints dictate a pragmatic paternalistic approach by physicians which, in contrast to patients in westernized nations, seems to be acceptable and satisfactory to Indian patients (carers).

전통 북을 활용한 집단 음악 치료가 청각 장애 아동의 사회적응과 자아상 및 정서적응에 미치는 영향

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of group music therapy using the traditional drum on the; social adjustment, self-image, and emotional adjustment, of children with hearing impairment. I participated in this group music therapy using the traditional drum with 7 children with hearing impairment for 3 days a week for 6 weeks(including holidays), and each session was 50 minutes long. The evaluation form of this study is a social-emotional development measurement sheet of Meadow-Kendall, which the children`s teacher distributed to the children both pre- and post-examination. With these results, the researcher carried out Window SPSS 19 Version and searched for the experiment`s effect of measurement cause (I am not sure what this means.) through paired t-test to identify the experiment`s effects (social adjustment, self-image, emotional adjustment) as a result of group music therapy using the traditional drum for children with hearing impairment. This study arrived at the following conclusions. First, after I participated in the group music therapy using the traditional drum, the result of the comparisons of the pre-to-post average for social adjustment showed the statistical significance level of the 0.01 standard. Therefore, it was found that the group music therapy using the traditional drum had a positive effect on the social adjustment of children with hearing Impairment. Second, after I participated in the group music therapy using the traditional drum, the result of the comparisons of the pre-to-post average for self-image development showed the statistical significance level of the 0.01 standard. Therefore, the group music therapy using the traditional drum had a positive effect on the self-image of children with hearing impairment. Third, after I participated in the group music therapy using the traditional drum, the result of the comparisons of the pre-to-post average for emotional adjustment showed the statistical significance level of the 0.01 standard. Therefore, the group music therapy using the traditional drum had a positive effect on the emotional adjustment of children with hearing impairment.

The effects of mothers’ participation in movement therapy on the emotional functioning of their school-age children in Israel

The aim of the current study was to employ a quantitative methodology to examine the influence of mothers’ participation in a children's movement therapy group. The theoretical model underlying this study combined the principals of both dyadic therapy (Harel, Avimeir-Patt, & Ben-Aaron, 2006) and movement therapy (Loman & Merman, 1999), to obtain a creative healing method to be used in a group setting. Participants in the study included 26 children, 17 boys and 9 girls, ages 6–8, whose mothers consented to have the children participate. The design that was adopted to this research is a randomized control trial. It was hypothesized that in the experimental group (intervention with mothers), improvement in children's self-image and behaviors would be greater than that of children in the control group (intervention without mothers), and that mothers who participated in the intervention would demonstrate improvement in parental functioning compared to mothers who did not participate in the intervention. The independent variables were assessed at two different times: before the beginning of the therapeutic intervention and after the completion of 16 therapy sessions. Findings of the study indicate (1) improvement in the children's self-image, in both groups, (2) a greater improvement in children's behavior in the experimental group than in the control group, (3) improvement in the functioning and efficacy of parental functioning in both groups (with a higher degree of improvement in the experimental group). This study paves the way for future research, which could further substantiate the importance of parental inclusion in joint therapy with the child and provide an additional validation of the field of movement therapy in general.

Ethics and neuropsychiatric genetics: a review of major issues.

Advances in neuropsychiatric genetics hold great hopes for improved prevention, diagnosis and treatment. However, the power of genetic testing to identify individuals at increased risk for disorders and to convey information about relatives creates a set of complex ethical issues. Public attitudes are inevitably affected by the shadow of eugenics, with its history of distorting scientific findings to serve socio-political ends. Nonetheless, the growing availability of genetic tests means that more patients will seek genetic information and physicians must manage the process of informed consent to allow meaningful decisions. Patients should be helped to understand the often-limited predictive power of current knowledge, potential psychological impact, risks of stigma and discrimination and possible implications for family members. Decisions for predictive testing of children raise additional concerns, including distortions of family dynamics and negative effects on children's self-image; testing is best deferred until adulthood unless preventive interventions exist. Pharmacogenomic testing, part of personalized medicine, may bring collateral susceptibility information for which patients should be prepared. The implications of genetic findings for families raise the question of whether physicians have duties to inform family members of implications for their health. Finally, participation in research in neuropsychiatric genetics evokes a broad range of ethical concerns, including the contentious issue of the extent to which results should be returned to individual subjects. As genetic science becomes more widely applied, the public will become more sophisticated and will be likely to demand a greater role in determining social policy on these issues.

Critical moments in preschool obesity: The call for nurses and communities to assess and intervene

Thirty years ago obesity was rarely seen in children but is now described as a world wide pandemic. Previous research has focused on school age children; however, researchers have now identified critical moments of development during uterine life and early infancy where negative factors or insults could cause permanent changes in the structure and function of tissues and lead to epigenetic changes. Obesity in preschool children can cause premature and long term chronic health problems; has been associated with academic and social difficulties in kindergarten children; difficulty with social relationships; increased feelings of sadness, loneliness and anxiety; and negative self image in children as young as 5 years of age. The importance of identifying children under the age of five with obesity and associated risks is important yet less than half of health professionals intervene in cases of preschool obesity. This paper explores the concerns around antenatal and preschool obesity and the challenges for nurses and midwives in assessing and providing appropriate interventions for children and families in community settings.

The effect of adolescents' image of parents on children's self-image and mental health.

Parents as caregivers are one of the most influential agents of socialisation/emotional stability in the lives of children, but the parent-child relationship is hardly conflict-free: occasional distress that affects mental health is known to occur. The present study examines the effect of adolescents' perception of their parents on the child's own self-image/mental health. Seven hundred and thirty-one (731) junior high school adolescents, living with their parents in the Ibaraki area of Japan, participated in the study. The self-esteem and self-denial scales assessed adolescents' self-image, while the trait-anxiety and depression tools rated mental health. The adolescents' perception of parents was measured with two tools: a checklist of negative/positive descriptive adjectives of parents, and the Perceived Emotional Support from Family scale. The structural equation modelling (SEM) of the study hypothesis was constructed and analysed by the AMOS statistics. Adolescents' image of their parents affected the children's self-image and mental health. A positive adolescent image of parents elicited a positive adolescent self-image, leading to a marked reduction in mental distress among children. The model outcome was applicable to boys and girls. A positive image of parents enhanced adolescents' self-image, and facilitated psychological wellbeing in children, irrespective of their sex.

Being a happy child

Sue Griffin considers your practice in supporting the development of children's self-image, how they value themselves and their confidence

The “Dreamer” by Daylight

This paper attempts to answer the question: Why, when most children play imaginatively, do so few go on to become creators? The author reviews ideas about the interplay between psychic reality, imaginative play, and creativity, elaborated by generations of researchers since Freud first linked these. The transformational process of play is seen to cultivate a multifaceted inner world and greater complexity of the creative capacity. Developmental themes, age-specific preoccupations, and the changing nature of play are considered. The author's original contribution is the concept of "generative identity"-proposing that a young child's self-image is configured through growing distinctions of gender (components of which are redefined as embodiment, representation, desire). Generative identity is further consolidated by negotiating issues of generation (cohort), genesis (origins), generativity (procreation) and "genitive" issues-separateness, arbitrariness, and the irreversibility of birth and death.

What Affects Asthma Medicine Use in Children? Australian Asthma Educator Perspectives

The global burden of childhood asthma is significant. Health care systems are faced with increasing financial costs, while children with asthma and their caretakers are faced with poorer physical health, emotional health, and quality of life. Despite the availability of effective treatment, the quality use of asthma medicines in children remains suboptimal. An investigation was conducted to explore issues related to children's asthma medicine usage from the perspective of the health care professional. Although current literature has elicited the views of caretakers and children, the health care professional viewpoint has been relatively unexplored. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 21 Australian asthma educators. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed, and transcripts were thematically analyzed with the assistance of NVivo 7. Emergent themes associated with health care professionals, parents, medicines, children, and educational resources were found. Major issues included a lack of information provided to parents, poor parental understanding of medicines, the high cost of medicines and devices, child self-image, the need for more child responsibility over asthma management, and the lack of standardization, access to, and funding for educational resources on childhood asthma. There are multitudes of key issues that may affect asthma medicines usage in children. This research will help inform the development of educational tools on the use of medicines in childhood asthma that can be evaluated for their effectiveness in getting key messages to target audiences such as children, caretakers, and teachers.