Organization Of Self-government Research Articles

How to lead self-government employees through the crisis Empirical evidence on impact of crisis management competencies on team performance in COVID-19 pandemic

The emergence and spreading of COVID-19 pandemic were surprising and sudden. It caused the need for competent crisis management throughout the public administration to manage the initial stage of the crisis. The purpose of our research is to identify the connection between the competencies of crisis management in self-governments and employee performance, measured at the time of the initial stage of the crisis, by their feeling of satisfaction, safety and establishment of conditions for work. In this research report, we expect these variables to be connected via the sharing of information, teamwork and cognitive diversity of work teams. The research used the mediator model according to Baron and Kenny. Sobel’s test was used to test the mediator effect. Regression analysis was used to verify the hypotheses. The ANOVA variance analysis was used to analyze multiple dependency. The level of significance was 5%. The research sample consisted of 207 managers in self-government organizations operating in Slovakia. The hypothesis on the dependency between the crisis management competencies and team performance during the initial stage of the crisis, facilitated by sharing of information, teamwork and cognitive diversity of crisis management, was confirmed.

The research of activities of professional pharmaceutical self-government organizations abroad

Aim. To study the international experience of the activities of professional pharmaceutical self-government organizations (OPFS) on the issues of professional protection of pharmacy specialists (PS) and the possibility of its use in Ukraine.
 Materials and methods. During the research, a comparative analysis of the OPFS activities, data from official sites, scientific literature were used.
 Results. It has been found that abroad the state creates legal regulation of the OPFS activities. It is the state that takes responsibility for the activities of the pharmaceutical industry and for the list of powers for OPFS in all areas of its activities. In Ukraine, professional associations are involved in the implementation of these issues, but the lack of regulation of their relations with the governing bodies complicates their implementation. Over the past years, the foundations of the formation and functioning of OPFS, the relationship not only with the management bodies, but also with individual specialists (individuals and legal entities) have been studied. In modern conditions, each association chooses its own directions of its implementation independently since there is no clear distribution of powers.
 Сonclusions. According to the results of the foreign experience studies, it has been found that the main task of OPFS is to protect the rights and interests of PS, provide legal and economic advice, support the continuous professional development of PS, consider the issues of professional ethics, promote and increase the role of pharmacists in the healthcare sector, etc. These studies can be used to regulate the activities of OPFS.
 Key words: professional pharmaceutical self-government organizations; pharmacy specialists; pharmaceutical institutions; professional activities

Synergetic combination of different dimensions of integration in the formation of regional development policy in Ukraine

The article notes that the formation of regional development policy in European countries was based on state intervention in the development of key industries. The measures implemented by the capitalist states were not part of local or regional development policy. This approach is called sectoral policy, as it focuses on specific sectors. In the last decades of the last century, measures to develop specific territories have been taken to replace the support of industries and sectors, a regional approach aimed at creating conditions for the development of territories by activating the regions' own potential. The article emphasizes that the implementation of state policy of regional development has a double expression: in sectoral and regional approaches. Therefore, the basis for the formation of modern regional development policy is the coordination of measures in its "regional" and "sectoral" instruments. The author notes that in the domestic context it is important to implement a policy model typical of unitary European countries – the implementation of national investment programs developed in consultation with regional authorities, in synergy with additional regional policy based on co-financing. Such regional policy is initiated, planned, implemented and monitored mainly by regional authorities. During the implementation of the reform of local self-government and territorial organization of power in Ukraine, the participation of self-governing bodies of regional and local levels should develop in the direction of increasing their role in the formation of state and regional development programs.It is concluded that the implementation of the policy model inherent in unitary European countries is relevant in Ukraine - the implementation of national investment programs developed in consultation with regional authorities, in synergy with additional regional policy based on co-financing.

Problems and prospects for the conservation and rational use of cultural heritage sites of the local (municipal) significance

The object of this research is the immovable cultural heritage. The subject of this research is the activity of the local self-government for the conservation, use, and popularization of cultural heritage sites owned by the municipalities, located in their territories, as well as state protection of cultural heritage sites of local (municipal) significance. Such authority is set in by the Federal Law “On Cultural Heritage Sites (Historical and Cultural Monuments) of the Peoples of the Russian Federation” and the Federal Law No.131-FZ “On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation). Leaning on the experience of the colleagues and analysis of the activity of Ufa City Municipal District Administration  of the Republic of Bashkortostan, positive and negative results obtained in the course of exercising the authority granted by the legislation in this sphere, the author acknowledges the need for a more integrated approach towards conservation of immovable cultural heritage of the local (municipal) significance; it includes the stage of its identification, and registration (with the municipal authorities), as well as organization of their rational use, such as leasing, privatization, etc. The article provides a number of recommendations, which are based on the practical experience and comprehension of theoretical material.

Самоврядні організації: еволюція становлення і теоретичного осмислення

The article analyzes the features of evolution, classification and principles of functioning of self-governing organizations, characterizes the main strategic problematic issues that arise when assessing the role of self-governing organizations in Ukrainian politics, highlights the specifics and basic mutually beneficial conditions of cooperation between the state and self-governing organizations in the modern realities of the development of civil society. The development of civil society is inextricably linked with the functioning of self-governing organizations, institutionalize in the course of their activities and strengthen the democratic principles of the functioning of society. Self-governing organizations provide a favorable environment for the settlement of social conflicts, unite citizens to solve problems that are important for the population, articulate and aggregate the interests of broad strata of citizens, lobby them in state structures and are a kind of protector of negative informational impact on public opinion. Liberalization of public and political life in the context of globalization is an incentive to increase the influence of self-governing organizations. The development of relations between the state and self-governing organizations is mutually beneficial and necessary for the development of civil society and the formation of effective principles of cooperation between the public and the authorities, in turn strengthens local government bodies and increases the level of citizens’ involvement in solving local problems. The state and any self-governing organization have a common interest – an interest in the development of a civilized market. Self-governing organizations can exist in parallel with supervisory bodies of state power, and at the request of the latter, in some cases, supervisory functions can be completely transferred to self-governing organizations. The abolition of state control, in this case, is possible only if self-governing organizations meet the principle of compliance with the minimum requirements for them, that is, provided that all subjects of professional activity in society are fully covered.

Категорія «самоврядні організації» у понятійній системі політичної науки

In civil society, personal initiative is a major factor in achieving the common good, and such initiatives are often and effectively implemented through a collection of self-governing organizations. Unlike political parties, self-governing organizations do not seek to achieve control over state power, but only try to influence power structures and the decision-making process that would express the interests of various social strata of the population. In the conditions of the effective functioning of self-governing organizations, it becomes possible to adequately reflect the interests of various socio-demographic groups, their exit to a legitimate legal space, an increase in the level of political culture, balance and stability of society, the orderliness of social innovations and practical actions of its members. Self-governing organizations at the present stage of development are taking on an increasing volume of tasks, primarily in the social sphere, which were previously performed only by state authorities. The development trends of self-governing organizations show that they are better able to provide public services, more efficiently use the material and other resources of society. Self-governing organizations have greater confidence and assistance from citizens, who, being involved in certain initiatives from a selfgoverning organization, feel their involvement in solving public socially important issues, which, in turn, contributes to the development of civil society. Self-governing organizations in civil society should be an important component of cooperation with the state and non-state sectors to effectively address the diverse problems of society. Interaction between self-governing organizations should not be based on competition, but on partnership, cooperation and mutual assistance.

Communication of the Public Authorities and Self-Governmental Organizations: Challenges of the Digital Society

The article actualizes the problem of communicative interaction between public authorities and self-governing organizations as stakeholders of civil society. The understanding of the essence of self-government, typology of self-government organizations is generalized; the experience of separate legal systems on maintenance of proper communications of the power and self-government organizations in the conditions of development of digital society is studied. The research is aimed at solving the scientific problem of substantiating the conceptual foundations of building public communication systems of government and self-government organizations through the creation of technological platforms for constant constructive dialogue of self-government organizations with local authorities and local government. It is concluded that there are systemic obstacles to communication between the government and civil society. Overcoming such obstacles will ensure a qualitatively new, partnership nature of communication between government and society. The article for the first time raises the issue of creating platforms for communication between the government and self-governing organizations to ensure the participation of citizens in public administration decisions. The results of the study can be the basis for the formation of a new paradigm of the relationship between public authorities and self-governing organizations.

Local self-government in Russian small towns: development models (on the example of the Tver Region)

The subject of the research of this article is the analysis of models of development of local self-government in small towns of modern Russia and the identification of the self-governing potential of their residents. The study of models of the territorial organization of local self-government and methods of formation of municipal government bodies allows us to identify trends in the evolution of the local self-government system, to determine their nature. The study of the ideas of residents of Russian small towns about the models of local self-government and the attitudes of citizens to participate in solving local problems allows us to identify the socio-cultural foundations of the processes unfolding in modern municipalities. The object of the study is residents of small towns in the Tver region. The methods of document analysis, statistical data analysis, and survey methods were used. The data of sociological monitoring carried out in the Tver region in 2018-2020 by the method of formalized interviewing are presented. В The models of the territorial organization of local self-government in small towns are investigated, the degree of prevalence of elective procedures for the formation of municipal bodies is studied. The ideas of the population of small towns about the nature of local self-government and its place in the management system of Russian society are analyzed, the attitude of citizens to various models of territorial organization of local self-government and ways of electing the head of the municipality is studied, the nature of the attitudes of citizens to participate in self-governing practices is revealed. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the analysis of the prevalence of various models of local self-government in small towns, taking into account their spatial and geographical location, resource characteristics and the level of self-governing potential of the population. The information obtained can be used by state and municipal authorities in the process of forming municipal management systems and organizing work with the population to involve them in self-governing practices.

ASYMMETRIC ORGANIZATION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT AS A FACTOR OF PARTICIPATION IN IT OF COMMUNITIES OF INDIGENOUS MINORITIES OF RUSSIA

The article summarizes the experience of Russian regions in organizing the participation of communities of indigenous minorities of Russia in local self-government: the phenomenon of national administrative-territorial units and the experience of “ethnic self-government” in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); features of the organization of local self-government in autonomous okrugs and special administrative-territorial units in the newly formed constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The proposal on the asymmetric organization of local self-government in connection with the asymmetric nature of Russian federalism and the complex ethnic composition of regional and local communities, as well as the forms of self-organization and forms of autonomy of indigenous minorities has been substantiated as forms of their participation in the implementation of local self-government. The levels of territorial localization of the autonomy of indigenous peoples are highlighted, the conclusion is substantiated about the participation of their communities in local autonomy as an optimal solution to ensure a balance of trends in the integration and isolation of these peoples in modern territorial communities. The need for federal legislative regulation of the peculiarities of the organization of local self-government in the municipalities included in the list of places of traditional residence and traditional economic activity of the few indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation, counts given the compactness criteria of the residence, has been proven, the main content of these characteristics has been determined.

Методологія дослідження феномену самоврядності в контексті політико-правового дискурсу

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of the institution of self-government in the conditions of modern political and legal discourse, determined by the gradual transition to the system of state and public administration. Self-government is implemented through self-governing organizations that unite self-regulation entities by spheres (branches) of their activities, industry, professional characteristics. A self-governing organization is created in the form of a non-governmental non-profit organization based on the membership of the relevant self-regulation entities in it. The balance between the institution of self-government and the state is an important factor in stable democratic development, and its violation leads to hypertrophy of power structures, alienation and political impotence of the people. The institution of self-government and the public sector must form a single balanced system of public life. At the same time, they are fundamentally different. In particular, this is due to the fact that the activities of the institution of self-government are primarily focused on the creation of social systems and connections based on beliefs. The influence and authority of the institution of self-government is based on its ability to appeal to the traditions, values and benefits of society. On the other hand, the general government sector relies on the existing political system that ensures the activities of this sector. It has been established that the main goal of self-government is the qualitative development of the relevant sphere, as well as the achievement of a balance between the interests of an autonomous subject and the interests of the state. The system of self-government of any kind of activity should not be drawn into the political processes of the state by any forces. The modernization of the institution of self-government is a permanent process of the development of civil society and the improvement of the country's political system through the implementation of the most relevant ideas, mechanisms and tools.

САМОВРЯДНІСТЬ ЯК МЕХАНІЗМ СУСПІЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ

It has been established that the institution of self-government is an element of civil society and is actively developing only in conditions of state support for the processes of its formation. The establishment and development of the institution of self-government requires the development of civil society and the achievement of trust between the state and its citizens. The development of relations between the state and self-governing organizations is mutually beneficial and necessary for the development of civil society and the formation of an effective basis for cooperation between the public and the authorities, which in turn strengthens local self-government bodies and increases the level of citizens’ involvement in solving local problems. It has been established that the state not only sets the boundaries of freedom and responsibility, but is ready, on the basis of control, to entrust society, represented by self-governing organizations, to participate in the development of regulatory procedures at the state level and to regulate certain areas of activity independently. The development of the institution of self-government provides the strengthening of the democratic principles of the society functioning. Citizens, along with political freedoms, have an additional opportunity to become members of self-governing organizations or represent the interests of members of such organizations – legal entities, to elect and be elected to governing bodies, committees and commissions of self-governing organizations and, as a result, to influence the formation of public opinion in the relevant area, industry, direction of professional activity.

The municipal elections in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2005-2020 as reflected in a socio-political analysis

The relevance of the research topic is due to the important role that local self-government bodies play in people’s lives: according to experts, 70-80% of everyday life issues that concern most people on a daily basis are solved at the local level. Therefore, the search for an optimal model of organizing the local self-government and relationships between local and regional authorities are still urgent tasks for our country. The purpose of this article is to trace how the implemented models of the organization of local self-government, which provide for indirect elections of heads of local self-government, affect the formation of local authorities and whether it was possible to bring the municipal authorities closer to the population. This goal is realized by analyzing the results of four municipal elections in the Krasnoyarsk Territory held in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The 3rd model of the organization of local self-government is already applied for the specified time. The methods used include a sociological survey of the population and the analysis of electoral statistics and mass media. The results allowed making the following conclusions. First off all, a system of government has been created at the municipal level, characterized by stability, continuity, and manageability, in which the United Russia party plays a dominant role. At the same time, the results of the last election highlighted the shortcomings of this system. Secondly, the transition to indirect elections of heads of municipalities did not lead to the creation of an effective mechanism for selecting the most worthy local leaders. Third, the steadily declining electoral activity of citizens in municipal elections: 62.4% (2005); 39.6% (2010); 29.6% (2015); 24.6% (2020), and the number of supporters of the “party of power” reduce the legitimacy of local governments. Fourthly, citizens are beginning to place responsibility for the situation on the ground on regional authorities.

Model prawny współdziałania organów administracji publicznej w systemie zarządzania kryzysowego. Zagadnienia wybrane

The paper concerns the model of collaboration of public authorities on the grounds of the Emergency Management Act of 26 April 2007. This act regulates the tasks of the public administration, The Armed Forces and the obligations of the critical infrastructure owners and possessors. The paper characterizes and evaluates the rules, scopes, forms and procedures of undertaking the common actions within the field of civil emergency planning. The model is worthy of analysis because the aim of undertaking the actions is of high importance to the society. Another reason is the diversity of bodies involved and the variety of links connecting them in course of collaboration. It should be emphasized that these links connect the public administration organs both on the central and the territorial level, in the horizontal and vertical arrangement, and involve both organs of government and organs of self-government.

National (ethnic) peculiarities of legal regulation of the territorial organization of local self-government at the regional level

National (ethnic) peculiarities of legal regulation of the territorial organization of local self-government at the regional level

ОПЫТ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ОПРОСОВ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО МНЕНИЯ В РЕГУЛИРОВАНИИ СИСТЕМЫ МЕСТНОГО САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ

The article analyzes the experience of using results of the public opinion polls in the regulation of the local self-government system. The author of the article focuses on the fact that it is not only the assessment of the effectiveness of the activities of local authorities that is of particular importance for the formation of relevant models for the organization of local self-government allowing to implement the main provisions of federal laws, but also the use of results of the public opinion, allowing to analyze the socio-political situation in municipalities, as well as to improve the quality of interaction with the population. At the same time, the contradictory role of local self-government is noted, since low awareness of the population leads to unwillingness to be involved in the management process. The author substantiates the idea that sociological research, being a tool for obtaining operational information, allows timely identification of political and social moods, preferences and expectations in society, the potential for the development of a municipality, as well as measures necessary to initiate such development. Finally it is concluded that making the effective management decisions, optimizing the local self-government system, and, consequently, the stability of the institution itself, is impossible without analyzing and taking into account the information communicated by the society.

«Спящая реформа»: практики внедрения двухуровневой системы местного самоуправления и формирования депутатского корпуса в городских округах

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of pilot implementation of a two-level local self-government system in city districts. Amendments to the Federal Law “On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” were presented in 2014, where new types of municipalities – “city district with intra-city division” and “inside-city district” – were introduced. This legislative change was based on the idea of spreading a two-level model in order to bring the deputies closer to voters in large city districts. More than 70 cities had the potential for this reform, but only 3 of them – Chelyabinsk, Samara, and Makhachkala – took advantage of the opportunity. The authors reconstruct the design of local electoral systems in Chelyabinsk, Samara and Makhachkala before and after the reform, and analyze the change in the rate of representation in the reformed city districts in comparison with city districts (which are not municipalities) that are divided into precincts, but have not switched to the two-level local self-government model. Also the basic trends of forming deputies’ bodies as a sub-elite group among political class of the cities are examined. The reform resulted in the expansion of the municipal deputies body. A database of candidates for deputies and deputies from 2009 to 2020 created by the authors gives an opportunity to analyze the ways the collective portrait of the municipal political sub-elite transformed during the reform. The focus of the study is the dilemma of maintaining or abandoning the twolevel system that the regional authorities faced in 2019–2020. The authors answer the question about the reasons for the lack of attempts to scale the results of the reform to other regions or large cities in those regions where the pilot reform options were implemented.

Поняття «організаційно-правова форма» в муніципальному та цивільному праві

At the present stage of state development in Ukraine, the democratization of all spheres of public life encompasses both public administration and local self-government, all manifestations of public authority. It is implemented through the development of various institutes, which include the institute of legal of local self-government. Once in Ukraine there was only one such (except for self-government in Kyiv - the capital of the state), now there are several. This requires studying both existing and possibly developing new promising forms. This is an important and urgent task for researchers.The purpose of the article is to compare how the concept of “organizational and legal form” is defined and applied in law and in civil law, and to formulate proposals for the implementation of the reception of the provisions of the doctrine of civil law to legal development.Problems of and legal forms of local self-government were investigated, including, by S.M. Latyshev. The author uses his thesis to compare with those, created by the specialists in private law. His approach is one of the most fundamental in terms of defining the concept of “organizational and legal of local self-government”, since he proposed two definitions - broad and narrow.In particular, S.M. Latyshev said:“In the broad sense, the forms through which local self-government is exercised include: forms of direct democracy, local self-government bodies, territorial public self-government.In the narrow sense, the forms of local self-government should be understood as the activities of various bodies, endowed with their own powers to deal with local issues and delegated to them by the state».Generally, the concept of organizational and legal form is actively used both in public law (mainly by law professionals) and in private law (mainly by civil law professionals). In the article, the author analyzes what developments of civilians it is expedient to apply for further improvement of the doctrinal support of the institute of and legal of local self-government, at the same time proposing to name it municipal and legal form.Key words: local self-government, administration, local self-government bodies, organization of local self-government, and legal form, and legal form.

TAX REGULATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT. FOREIGN EXPERIENCE AND DOMESTIC REALITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION

Introduction. The dynamic extensive development of the world economy during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries has led to a significant deterioration of the ecological situation of industrial regions and raised the question of finding the optimal balance between output growth and environmental protection. One of the important regulatory mechanisms available to the state is environmental taxation. The purpose of this tax is to contain and compensate for environmental damage caused by human activities through the introduction of mandatory payments. However, the object and base of taxation, the name of taxes and further use of funds raised by them are different and depend on the country. The main environmental payment is the ecological tax in Ukraine. Decentralization, one of the key reforms in the country, aims to transfer resources and responsibilities from the central to the local level. Thus, it is important to find an appropriate and reasonable distribution of revenues from the environmental tax between the budgets of state, regional and local levels. The purpose of the article is to research the organizational and legal bases of modern foreign and domestic complexes of nature protection payments in the context of reform of local self-government and territorial organization of power. Results. The current world and national experience in the field of taxation in order to protect the environment is analyzed. The current state of affairs of the environmental tax in Ukraine is revealed. Further directions of research on this topic are outlined.

СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ МОЛДАВСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ МЕСТНОГО САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ (1990-Е ГГ.)

The article considers the process of formation of the institutional and legal framework for the local self-government system in the Republic of Moldova. Chronologically, the study covers the first decade after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The author places the formation of the national local self-government system in the context of the European vector of Moldovan foreign policy, analysing the process (especially the implementation of the so- called “decentralization reform”) from the perspective of Moldova’s interaction with the European Union and the Council of Europe. The theories of formal structure and social imitation provide the conceptual framework for the study. The author briefly describes the Soviet self-government system, the gradual abandonment of which was the essence of the reforms of the 1990s, and touches upon the organization of self-governance according to the Anglo-Sax- on and Continental models and the modern systems of self-governance existing in the European Union, to which the Republic of Moldova aspires to become a member. The article consecutively analyses the stages of work of Moldovan legislators aimed at the formation of local authorities, evaluating its results both in terms of compliance with European norms and principles of local self-government organization and in the context of the national ethno-political, institutional and legal, civil and political specificity. According to the author’s hypothesis, the Republic of Moldova builds a system of local self-government by introducing elements of its institutional environment (European principles of regionalization and deconcentration) into its formal structures, but proceeds not so much from their compliance with specific goals and objectives of the Moldovan state, its political, economic and sociocultural specificities, as from their symbolic weight and ability to legitimize Moldova on the international scene as a state successfully undergoing a democratic transition.

Features of Physical Activity of Russian and Foreign Students: Motivators, Barriers, Self-Esteem

Introduction. Intense physical activity is associated with good health and wellbeing of an individual, and its manifestations in students can have gender and socio-cultural features. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of physical activity of Russian and foreign students of a regional university through the assessment of its motivators, barriers and interrelation with self-esteem indicators, the knowledge of which can be used as the basis for creating personalized preventive health promotion programs. Materials and Methods. An online survey among 423 Russian and foreign students of a regional university was conducted using the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire using the Ashton Motivators and Barriers Scale and the modified method of Dembo – Rubinstein. The data obtained were statistically processed with the calculation of Student’s t-test, chi-square, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results. It has been revealed that two-thirds of the respondents have an optimal level of physical activity, and its motivators (the desire to improve health, physical shape, and body) and barriers (lack of time) are universal. Russian female university students surpass foreign ones in terms of the duration of physical activities, and foreign girls are inferior to foreign young men in terms of the frequency of classes. Barriers specific to Russian girls have been identified: Inappropriate weather and the belief that physical activity is not a right occupation for women. Russian young men have mentioned the lack of conditions for training as a barrier. The difference between Russian young men and foreign ones is that foreigners find positive correlation between physical activity, confidence, and physical attractiveness. Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained may be useful for teaching personnel of university departments of physical education, medical and psychological services, and student self-government organizations. It is recommended that university prevention programs be gender-specific, culturally oriented, aimed at neutralizing the system of internal and social barriers to attending classes, and based on the student's self-esteem potential.