Self-etch Adhesive Cement Research Articles

Comparative Evaluation of Retention of Fiber Posts in Different Dentin Regions Using Various Bonding Techniques: An In Vitro Study.

Aim This study aims to evaluate the retention of fiber posts in the coronal, middle, and apical dentin regions with various bonding techniques by using fifth, sixth, and eighth-generation bonding agents and self-etch adhesive cement. Materials and methods For this study, 96 freshly extracted human incisors with straight roots were selected. Endodontic treatment of the specimens was performed. The post spaces were created immediately after obturation and the posts were luted with three different bonding agents and self-adhesive resin cement and the specimens were divided into four groups. Approximately 3 mm thick sections were made from different dentin regions of the post space and were tested for three subgroups: Subgroup I: Coronal, Subgroup II: Middle, Subgroup III: Apical. The specimens were tested on a universal testing machine. Results Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test usingSPSS software version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago ). The intra-group comparison showed that the bond strength was more in the fifth-generation bonding agent (Cervical- 8.2574± 1.49034, Middle- 11.4800± 2.59938, Apical- 14.7108±1.82931), followed by the sixth (Cervical- 9.102± 2.76119, Middle-9.3152±2.11585, Apical- 12.9478±4.69404) and eighth-generation bonding systems (Cervical- 9.0938±2.77537, Middle- 7.1585±1.97601, Apical- 9.3726±0.73720) and the self-etch adhesive dental resin cement (Cervical- 5.1004±2.17389, Middle- 4.1574±1.28664, Apical-7.8884±1.90078). The inter-group comparison showed that the bond strength was higher in the fifth-generation bonding agent followed bysixth-generation, eighth-generation, and self-adhesive resin cement. Conclusion The present study reveals that the highest push-out bond strengths were obtained in apical sections followed by the middle and cervical areas. Thebond strength was higher when using the fifth-generation bonding agent followed by the sixth, eighth, and self-adhesive resin cement. Despite many advancements, the fifth-generation bonding agentstill showed superior retention in different dentin regions among various other bonding techniques.

O4 - Silane Containing Universal Adhesive/Cement for Bonding to Silica-Coated High-Translucent Zirconia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bonding performance of high-translucent zirconia when pretreated with glass beads and the efficiency of silane contained in self-adhesive resin cement and universal adhesive as chemical treatment for silica-coated high-translucent zirconia. 240 fully sintered disk-shaped zirconia specimens (Y-PSZ, Zpex smile, Tosoh, Japan) were assigned to 4 groups according to mechanical surface pretreatment: alumina particles abrasion with 0.2 MPa pressure (AB2), tribochemical silica-coating with 0.2 MPa (TSC), and glass beads air-abrasion with 0.2 MPa (GB2) and 0.4 MPa (GB4). Each group was cemented with Panavia SA Universal (SAU), Rely X Ceramic Primer (3 M ESPE) + Panavia SA plus (Kuraray Noritake Dental) (S-SAP), and Clearfil Universal Bond Quick + SAP (U-SAP). Tensile bond strength (TBS) was measured at crosshead speed of 2 mm/min after 24 h or 10000 thermocycling (TC) followed by the failure modes analysis (n=10). Surface morphology and surface elemental composition of the abraded zirconia surface analyses were examined under SEM/EDS. Survival analysis was done for TBS data (p = 0.05). After TC, there was a significant decrease in bond strength all groups except TSC and GB4 treated with S-SAP. S-SAP showed highest TBS with TSC, GB2, and GB4. AB2 indicated the highest TBS with U-SAP. SAU showed higher TBS with GB4 compared to GB2. GB4 represented the highest Si content compared to TSC and GB2. Sailanization of glass beads air-abraded zirconia ceramic is mandatory step for successful adhesion to resin cement. Silane containing self-etch adhesive cement was more effective than universal adhesive for glass beads treated zirconia especially with higher air-pressure, but both are less efficient than pure silane treatment. While universal adhesive is efficient pretreatment on tribochemical silica-coating surface and the most effective on alumina-blasted zirconia ceramic.

Effect of Apical Root Canal Perforation Size on Push-out Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Dowels

To evaluate in vitro effect of apical root canal perforation size on push-out bond strength of glass fiber dowels cemented to sound or perforated root canals using two different adhesive systems. A total of 120 human-extracted intact upper central incisors were selected. Teeth were sectioned 3 mm coronal to cement enamel junction, and the remaining root received endodontic root canal therapy. The roots were divided into two experimental groups according to the root condition: either sound (n = 40) or apically perforated (n = 80). Dowel spaces were prepared for all specimens to a depth of 10 mm. Roots were restored with glass fiber dowels. The experimental group was further subdivided into four subgroups (n = 20) according to the adhesive system used and apical perforation size: group I, perforated root 2 mm apically, dowel cemented using total-etch adhesive cement; group II, perforated root 2 mm apically, dowel cemented using self-etch adhesive cement; group III, perforated root 4 mm apically, dowel cemented using total-etch adhesive cement; and group IV, perforated root 4 mm apically, dowel cemented using self-etch adhesive cement. The control group, sound root, was divided into two subgroups: group I, sound root, dowel cemented using total-etch adhesive cement, and group II, sound root, dowel cemented using self-etch or total-etch adhesive cement. Each root was then cut horizontally, and root segments were prepared to be tested. The bond strength between dowel and dentin was measured with universal testing machine using a push-out test. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data and post hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Root canal perforation and the type of adhesive system used resulted in significant differences in push-out bond strength (p < 0.05). Regardless of root canal perforation size, glass fiber dowels in normal root canals had significantly higher mean bond strength values (9.2 ± 1.4 MPa) compared with perforated root canals (6.1 ± 1.4 MPa). Also, self-etch protocol had significantly higher mean bond strength values (9.1 ± 1.3 MPa) compared with total-etch protocol (6.2 ± 2.1 MPa). The apical root perforation size caused a direct effect on the bond strength of the glass fiber dowels cemented to dentin by reducing the bond strength values to the root dentin regardless of the adhesive system used. Prior to perforation repair, dentist or endodontist should evaluate the perforation size to predict the treatment outcome.

Conservative approach for natural restoration of fractured anterior teeth: A review and case series

Coronal tooth fractures are most common in anterior teeth, especially in maxillary teeth due to their anatomical position. They create serious esthetic and psychological problems for the patient. Esthetical rehabilitation of fractured anterior teeth is one of the greatest challenges to a dentist. Traditionally, such traumatized teeth are restored with composite resins, but the main disadvantage is variable wear and color mismatch. Reattachment of fractured fragments provides faster natural esthetics, positive psychological response, economical and is the relatively simple procedure. In the recent years, number of techniques and materials are evolved for reattaching the fractured fragments such as flowable composites, dual cure resin cements, fiber posts with self-etch adhesive cement. In this review and case series, different approaches for re-bonding the permanent incisors have been described. All the advantages are mentioned in the literature are summarized to provide a good clinical approach for this innovative procedure. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry Reattaching the fractured tooth fragments gives a viable conservative option for the clinician because it restores tooth function and esthetics with the use of a very conservative and cost-effective approach.

Aesthetic Rehabilitation in Maxillary Anterior Tooth with Early Childhood Caries Using ZIRKIZ&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; Crown: Long-Term Follow-up

During the last decade, zirconium dioxide (zirconia, ZrO 2 ) ceramics, which have superior to mechanical properties and aesthetic advantages, can be used as alternative materials to metal-ceramic systems. The aim of this study was to report zirconia restoration for primary anterior teeth. Patient who took part in had verbal information and was written a consent form. They took radiographic and intraoral assessment for noting a pre-operative status. Tooth was prepared and laboratory procedure had done. Complete zirconia crown was adapt with self-etching adhesive cement. This clinical trial of very young patients provides successful results of aesthetic rehabilitative treatment of both a tooth with early childhood caries and primary anterior teeth. The findings after 6‑, 12‑, and 18-month follow‑up could be useful for improving clinical approaches in subsequent cases. In the result, patient and their care giver were satisfied with zirconia crown as anterior teeth restoration.

Push-Out Bond Strength Evaluation of Glass Fiber Posts With Different Resin Cements and Application Techniques.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the push-out strength of two different adhesive cements (total etch and self-adhesive) for glass fiber post (GFP) cementation using two different techniques (microbrush and elongation tip) of cement application. In addition, this study evaluated the effect of total-etch conditioning before the use of a self-adhesive cement. Sixty premolar specimens with a single root canal were selected, endodontically treated, and shaped for GFP cementation. The specimens were randomly placed into one of six groups according to the cement and technique used: RelyX ARC (ARC): ARC + microbrush, ARC + elongation tip; RelyX Unicem (RU): RU + microbrush, RU + elongation tip; or RelyX Unicem + 37% phosphoric acid (RUE): RUE + microbrush, RUE + elongation tip. Each specimen root was cut perpendicular to the vertical axis yielding six 1.0-mm-thick sections. Push-out strength test was performed, followed by statistical analysis using three-way analysis of variance and the Games-Howell test (p<0.05). Statistically significant differences between the groups were found (p< 0.05). The cervical third of the roots had the highest mean push-out strength values, while the apical third had the lowest mean values regardless of the technique used. The elongation technique produced higher mean push-out strength values compared to the microbrush technique. The self-etch adhesive cement had the highest mean push-out strength value in all thirds. The addition of a conditioning step before the self-etch adhesive cementation appears to be effective in enhancing push-out strength with GFPs.

Effect of thermomechanical aging on bond strength and interface morphology of glass fiber and zirconia posts bonded with a self-etch adhesive and a self-adhesive resin cement to natural teeth

Information regarding the effect of thermomechanical aging (TMA) on the bond strength of luting cements to root canal dentin and endodontic posts is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TMA on the bond strength of fiber and zirconia posts bonded to root canal dentin with 2 different resin cements with microtensile and scanning electron microscopic evaluation. Eighty extracted single-rooted human premolars were endodontically treated and restored with either a glass fiber post (FP) or a zirconia post (ZP) with 2 commercially available resin luting cements. The teeth were divided into 2 main groups. In the first group, posts (n=40) were bonded with a self-etch adhesive cement (SEAC). In the second group (n=40), posts were bonded using a self-adhesive cement (SAC). During the first aging phase, all specimens in each group were stored in distilled water for 30 days at 37°C. During the second phase, half of the specimens in each group were subjected to the TMA. The test groups were as follows: FP/SEAC, FP/SEAC+TMA, ZP/SEAC, ZP/SEAC+TMA, FP/SAC, FP/SAC+TMA, ZP/SAC, and ZP/SAC+TMA. The bond strength was measured with a microtensile test. Data were analyzed by 3-way analysis of variance and the Tukey honest significant different test (α=.05). FP/SEAC at 30 days was higher than in the other groups. However, bond strength values were significantly reduced in this group after TMA (P<.001). Bond strength values and physical properties of SEAC with higher filler content were more affected by the TMA than those of SALC. According to scanning electron microscopic observation, TMA also affected the micromorphologic interface between the posts and the resin cements as well as between the resin cements and the root canal dentin.