Self-Esteem Scale Research Articles

The Gender-Specific Dynamics of Charismaphobia in Relation to Body-Esteem and Self-Esteem: Implications for Cosmetic and Psycho-dermatology

Background: Humans have engaged in various beliefs, attitudes, actions, and medical procedures to enhance their physical attractiveness. This pursuit has led to several psychodermatological disorders, including charismaphobia, which is the fear of becoming unattractive. Objectives: Offering fresh perspectives to mental health practitioners and cosmetic dermatologists, the current study addresses a significant gap in knowledge by exploring the gender-specific dynamics of charismaphobia in relation to body esteem and self-esteem. Methods: The survey involved 879 conveniently selected participants, including both men (n = 261) and women (n = 618). The Charismaphobia Scale, Body-Esteem Scale, and Self-Esteem Scale were used, along with a demographic information questionnaire. Results: Women exhibited significantly higher levels of charismaphobia compared to men (Men = 52.53%; Women = 68.04%; P = 0.000; Cohen’s d = 0.710). Conversely, men demonstrated significantly greater body-esteem (Men = 80.03%; Women = 70.37%; P = 0.000; Cohen’s d = 1.040) and self-esteem (Men = 68.85%; Women = 53.69%; P = 0.000; Cohen’s d = 0.985) compared to women. A significant inverse correlation was identified between charismaphobia and both body-esteem (r = -.329; P < 0.01) and self-esteem (r = -.608; P < 0.01). In both men and women, self-esteem had a stronger impact on charismaphobia than vice versa (P < 0.01). The findings affirmed the greater relevance of self-esteem in influencing charismaphobia compared to body-esteem (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The current study highlights the unfair pressure placed on women to meet societal standards of beauty, explaining why charismaphobia is gender-specific. The study recommends embracing one's multifaceted identity, beyond physical appearance, to cultivate robust self-esteem and avoid the detrimental effects of charismaphobia. It emphasizes the fundamental roles of self-esteem and body-esteem in this process.

Psychometric assessment of the 10-item Thai version of the Experience in Close Relationship-Revised for Adolescents (ECR-R-10-AD)

The 18-item version of the Experiences in Close Relationships-revised (ECR-R-18) is a valid and reliable scale used among Thai adolescents. However, it revealed problematic items that impacted the scale’s internal consistency. The study aimed to achieve two objectives: (1) develop a new, shorter scale by retaining only highly loaded items equally between attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, and (2) evaluate the psychometric properties of the shorter ECR-R version compared to the existing 18-item scale. Objective 1 was achieved through Study 1, involving 204 youths aged 16–18 years (64% female). All participants completed the 18-item ECR-R, and exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify suitable items for the new ECR-R-AD. Objective 2 was fulfilled in Study 2, which included a total of 443 students in grades aged 15–18 years old (88% female) from Thai boarding schools in Northern Thailand. All participants completed both the 18-item ECR-R, and confirmatory factor analysis of both the existing 18-item and the new shorter scale was performed and compared. Additional measures including the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Perceived Stress Scale-10, and Relationship Questionnaire were completed alongside the ECR-R to assess convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity. The invariance test for the new ECR-R across genders was conducted using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. For objective 1, Study 1 developed a new scale called "ECR-R-10-AD" with 10 items, comprising 5 for attachment anxiety and 5 for attachment avoidance. The McDonald’s omega values were 0.866 for avoidance and 0.823 for anxiety subscales. The corrected correlation between the ECR-R-18 and ECR-R-10-AD was significant. For objective 2, Study 2 found that the first-order two-factor solution model fit the data best for the ECR-R-10-AD. Convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity with other measurements and invariance tests based on sex were established for the ECR-R-AD. The ECR-R-10-AD provided sufficient psychometric properties among Thai adolescents. Factorial validity, convergent validity, and measurement invariance were established. As the ECR-R-10-AD is brief, it can be administered with less burden. Limitations and future research were discussed.

INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON TEENAGERS' CONTENTMENT: INVESTIGATING THE MEDIATING INFLUENCE OF SELF-ESTEEM

The study investigates relationship among the self-esteem, emotional intelligence (EI) and life satisfaction among adolescents within the framework of positive psychology. Historically, research has often focused on human flaws, neglecting the strengths and positive aspects of psychology. Adolescence is a critical developmental stage marked by profound changes, making it crucial to understand how factors of the study variables during this period. Study sample n=157 from Government schools and colleges in Faisalabad city participated in the study. For measuring the study variables, the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Adolescents Short Form, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale used for measuring the study variables, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed a noteworthy positive relationship between the study variables among adolescents. Conversely, self-esteem did not mediate this relationship. These findings contribute to understanding the complex dynamics between emotional intelligence, self-esteem and life satisfaction in adolescents, emphasizing the importance of emotional intelligence for promoting well-being during adolescence. The study suggests implications for future research, including the need for larger and more varied illustrations, longitudinal studies to discover causal relationships and the expansion of interventions to improve emotional intelligence in adolescents for improved well-being. This research contributes to the growing body of existing researches on positive psychology and adolescent development, highlighting the significance of emotional intelligence in fostering life satisfaction.

Personal risk factors and types of sport associated with drive for thinness and drive for muscularity in NextGen athletes.

Professional and student-athletes are at risk of developing symptoms of eating disorders (ED), including drive for thinness and muscularity due to personal risk factors (e.g., low self-esteem) and sport-specific characteristics (e.g., sport requirements). However, limited studies have focused on ED symptoms among NextGen athletes (identified in Canada as élite or relève) who compete at the provincial, national, and international levels but are not yet part of national teams. As such, they have access to fewer financial resources and support from their sport federations, which can create additional stress for these athletes. The present study aimed to identify personal risk factors and types of sports associated with (a) drive for thinness and (b) drive for muscularity in NextGen athletes. These athletes (n = 254) aged between 14 and 25 years old completed an online questionnaire. Perfectionism, self-esteem in sport, drive for thinness, and drive for muscularity were, respectively, assessed by the Multidimensional Inventory of Perfectionism in Sport, the Sport State Self-Esteem Scale, the Eating Attitude Test-26, and the Drive for Muscularity Scale. Other personal risk factor (e.g., athletic status) were measured using in-house questions. Each personal risk factor was included in two multiple linear regressions, respectively, to determine which factors were most associated with drive for thinness and drive for muscularity. Analyses revealed that perfectionist aspirations during training were linked to a stronger desire for thinness. In addition, not being in school or not having a job were also linked to a stronger desire for thinness. Several variables were found to be associated with a greater desire for muscularity: being a male athlete, playing team sport, weight category sport or endurance sport (as opposed to esthetic sport), having elite status, being less satisfied with one's current sporting performance and having higher perfectionist aspirations during training. This study offers initial insights into the factors influencing EDs among NextGen athletes, which provides a foundation for deeper exploration and the creation or modification of targeted interventions. These findings can guide sport organizations in creating guidelines and programs to better support the next generation of national athletes (e.g., create programs to help athletes maintain investments outside).

Determinants of Prenatal Depression in Teenage Pregnant Women: A Comparative Study of Urban and Rural Settings in Lusaka Province, Zambia

Background: Perinatal depression manifests during or after pregnancy, with prenatal depression occurring during pregnancy. Traditionally, research has focused more on postpartum depression, with less attention on prenatal depression among teenagers. Objective: This study aims to examine the correlates of prenatal depression among teenage pregnant women aged 13 to 17 and to explore the relationship between these factors and depression. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a university teaching hospital and a rural health facility, involving 105 pregnant teenagers. Initial screenings to assess depression were performed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, complemented by psychosocial evaluations with the Perceived Stress Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20, employing both descriptive and inferential statistical methods to interpret the findings. Results: Significant factors influencing prenatal depression included attempts to abort, stress, social support, household income, education level, and marital status. Logistic regression confirmed the significance of these correlates. Conclusion: Multiple factors influence prenatal depression in teenage pregnant women. The findings highlight the need for targeted preventive care and early interventions by medical professionals to improve health outcomes for mothers and infants.

The mediating role of Narcissism in the relationship between self-esteem and aggression of university students in Sagaing Township, Myanmar

The world is competitive in every possible way, especially in the education sector, so university students tend to seek success in their academic field and try to get attention within their social circle often at any cost or effort. This leads to the presence of narcissistic personalities among the university population, stemming from underlying low self-esteem and contributing to aggression. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of narcissism in the relationship between self-esteem and aggression among university students in Sagaing. The sample comprised 1058 undergraduate students with 519 females and 539 males from undergraduate classes. Rosenberg (1965)’s self-esteem scale, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory by Raskin and Terry (1988) and the aggression questionnaire by Buss and Warren (2000) were used as the data gathering instruments. The findings revealed that self-esteem exhibits both a direct negative effect on aggression and an indirect positive effect mediated by narcissism. Interestingly, while high self-esteem typically acts as a deterrent to aggression, its mediation by narcissism can increase aggressive tendencies. This suggests a suppressor effect, termed competitive mediation, where the positive relationship between self-esteem and aggression is reversed when narcissism serves as a suppressor variable. As this suppressor effect is enticing for the researchers, further studies should explore the moderating factors in the relationship between self-esteem, narcissism and aggression. The study’s findings are expected to provide the foundational insights for the education policy makers to develop prevention programs for narcissism and aggression, promote professional development of educators, integrate curriculum components that address self-esteem, and implement counselling programs in educational settings.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Youth Sports Participation on Emotional Intelligence, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction.

The present study investigated the mediating effects of emotional intelligence and self-esteem between youth sports participation and life satisfaction, as well as the comparative effects of different types of sports involvement (team, individual, and non-participation) on these selected variables. A sample of 1053 Portuguese adolescents (612 girls and 441 boys), aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 14.40; SD = 1.55), completed the following self-report measures: the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The structural equation modeling results indicated a complete mediating role of two emotional intelligence dimensions (use of emotion and self-emotional appraisal) and self-esteem in the relationship between sports participation and adolescents' life satisfaction. Team sport participants reported higher emotional intelligence and self-esteem scores than their non-sport participant counterparts who revealed lower levels of emotion use than their individual sport participant peers. These findings provide novel insights into the potential emotional and psychological mechanisms underlying the association between youth sports participation and life satisfaction.

The relationships between body image, self-esteem and quality of life in adults with trauma-related limb loss sustained in the Syrian war

BackgroundNumerous military soldiers have lost limbs as a result of the Syrian War. While there are variations between trauma-related amputations in military and civilian populations, both scenarios result in life-changing injuries. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between body image, self-esteem, and quality of life (QOL) domains following trauma-related major amputation.It will be the first study in Syria on the correlation between self-esteem and body image. It will help improve our quality of care to meet patient needs and increase well-being, which in turn will help to address body image, self-esteem, and QOL. MethodA cross-sectional study that recruited 235 soldiers with amputations in two centers and two military hospitals in Latakia and Tartous. Patients were given an 81-item questionnaire that included the Amputee Body-Image Scale (ABIS), the Rosenberg Self-esteem (RSE) scale, the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, and unidimensional pain measures. The ANOVA test, a student's t-test, multiple linear regression, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were utilized for statistical analysis. ResultsThere was a strong relationship between body image, self-esteem, and QOL, with the presence of body image concerns significantly associated with lower self-esteem scores and lower QOL scores (p=0.001). Patients with phantom pain sensation had significantly reduced self-esteem (p =0.001), greater body image concerns (p =0.001), and lower scores in all domains of QOL. We found that body image and self-esteem impacted the psychological, social, and environmental domains. After controlling for pain level and number of co-morbid conditions, body image and self-esteem did not predict WHOQOL-BREF scores, with the exception of the environmental domain, where no pain and low self-esteem predicted better environmental domain scores. ConclusionPatients' body image and self-esteem were greatly impacted by lower-limb amputations. Additionally, phantom pain further impacted self-esteem, body image, and QOL. The image of the body had a profound effect on psychological, social, and environmental domains, and self-esteem was influenced by almost all aspects of QOL.

Optimism and Self-esteem of Employees Contributing to Organizational Productivity

The given study examines the role of self-esteem and optimism in software organizations based in Hyderabad, India. It establishes the new spectrum of optimism, self-esteem and its transformational effect on employees, their positivity and eventual productiveness. Purposive sampling technique wass used for selecting the sample for the study. Survey research methodology was used to get data from the sample. The Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R) was used to measure optimism and The 10-item Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) was used to assess global self-esteem. Survey research is used as research methodology. Correlation and ANOVA are used to analyze the data. It was found that optimism had a strong and positive correlation with self-esteem. The association between self-esteem, optimism and work experience was also found to be significant and moderately positive. A significant difference between the optimism level of senior and junior level employees was also observed. Based on these results, it can be concluded that software employees who have an optimistic outlook and adequate self-esteem contribute towards greater employee performance, overall organizational productivity and fared well in consumer facing roles.

Task-induced deactivation dysfunction during reward processing is associated with low self-esteem in a possible subtype of major depression.

Low self-esteem is a frequent symptom in major depressive disorder (MDD). This functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated whether MDD patients with low self-esteem show a distinct neural pathophysiology. Previous studies linked low self-esteem to reduced task-induced deactivation of the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) as a part of the default mode network, and to reduced connectivity between pgACC and reward system. Goya-Maldonado etal. identified an MDD subtype with pgACC and ventral striatal overactivations during reward processing. We hypothesized that this subtype might be characterized by low self-esteem. Eighty-three MDD patients performed the desire-reason dilemma task and completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Brain activity during bottom-up reward processing was regressed upon the RSES scores, controlling for depression severity measured by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. To corroborate the findings, we compared self-esteem scores between patient subgroups with impaired task-induced deactivation (n=31) and with preserved task-induced deactivation (n=31) of the pgACC. Consistent with our a priori hypothesis, activity in a bilateral fronto-striatal network including pgACC and ventral striatum correlated negatively with RSES scores, also when controlling for depression severity. In the additional analysis, patients with impaired task-induced pgACC deactivation showed lower self-esteem (t (52.82)=-2.27; p=.027, d=0.58) compared to those with preserved task-induced pgACC deactivation. We conclude that low self-esteem in MDD patients is linked to a task-induced deactivation dysfunction of the pgACC. Our findings suggest that a previously described possible subtype of MDD with pgACC and ventral striatal overactivations during reward processing is clinically characterized by low self-esteem.

Pengaruh Expressive Writing Therapy terhadap Self Esteem pada Pasien Skizofrenia di RSJ Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Lawang-Malang

Abstract Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness that can affect an individual's quality of life. Individuals with schizophrenia experience a decline in self-functioning, leading to decreased social functioning that impacts self-esteem. Self-esteem is an important aspect for individuals. One non-pharmacological therapy that can be provided is cognitive psychotherapy, specifically expressive writing therapy.Objectives: This research was conducted to determine the effect of expressive writing therapy on self-esteem in schizophrenia patients at RSJ Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Lawang-Malang. Methods: This research is quantitative research with a pre-experimental with a one group pretest-posttest design type. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a sample size of 20 people. Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES) Indonesian version instrument. The data analysis technique used is the Paired Sample T-Test. Resulth: The majority of the sample were male (70%); the dominant age category of the sample was early adulthood (35%); unmarried status dominated (55%); the majority were self-employed (50%), and the educational level was high school/vocational school (50%). The average self-esteem score before intervention was 16.60, and after intervention, the average score was 20.15, indicating an increase in scores in the research sample with a difference of 3.5 points. The results of this study, measured using the Paired Sample T-Test, obtained a value of ρ < 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). Conclusion: This research shows that there is an effect of expressive writing therapy on the self esteem of schizophrenic patients at RSJ Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Lawang-Malang. Keywords : Expressive Writing Therapy, Self-Esteem, Schizophrenia

Developing Social Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem Through Cooperative Learning in Social Studies Classrooms

The present study aimed to examine the effect of cooperative learning (CL) on students' social self-efficacy and self-esteem in social studies classrooms. A pretest-posttest equivalent group design was deployed involving a sample of 100 students (N=50 control and N=50 experimental) in 7th grade from a public secondary school in District Mansehra, Pakistan. Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) based treatment was provided to the experimental group for eight weeks using 15 lessons from a Social Studies textbook. The control group was taught the same material through the traditional teaching method for the same duration. Social self-efficacy and self-esteem scales were administered before and after the treatment. Effect size and percentile points gain were used as statistical tools to compare the effect of CL. The analyzed data revealed that students of the experimental group (high-achievers, average-achievers, and low-achievers) exhibited higher social self-efficacy and self-esteem levels than those of the control group. Furthermore, the percentile gain for average and low achievers was no more or less than that of high achievers. The study results indicate that CL is an effective intervention for maximizing students' social self-efficacy and self-esteem across diverse achievement levels, emphasizing the need for its widespread implementation to promote inclusive and supportive educational environments.

Relationship between Assertiveness and Self-Esteem among Young Indian Adults

Abstract: This quantitative study explores the relationship between assertiveness and self-esteem among young Indian adults aged 20 to 30 years. The research design employs a correlation approach to examine the statistical association between assertiveness and self-esteem without manipulating variables. The study aims to answer key questions regarding gender differences in assertiveness and self-esteem, the relationship between assertiveness and self-esteem, and the impact of self-esteem on assertiveness. Data from 131 participants (61 males, 70 females) from Assam and Karnataka were collected using Google Forms and social media advertising. The Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used to measure assertiveness and self-esteem, respectively. Statistical analyses included independent sample t-tests, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results indicate no significant difference in assertiveness and self-esteem between males and females. However, a significant negative correlation was found between assertiveness and self-esteem, suggesting that as assertiveness increases, self-esteem tends to decrease, and vice versa. Regression analysis further confirms that self-esteem significantly impacts assertiveness among young adults, with approximately 8.9% of the variability in assertiveness scores explained by differences in self-esteem. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of assertiveness and selfesteem among young Indian adults, highlighting the complex interplay between these psychological constructs and their implications for individual well-being and behavior.

The impact of proactive personality and self-esteem on career decision making self-efficacy of university students in Botswana: A mediation analysis

The university period is where students make career related decisions and preparations to transition from the school to professional settings, however, studies show that some students face some degree of career indecisiveness and decision making difficulties. Therefore, this study examined the impact of individual proactive personality and self-esteem on the career decision making self-efficacy (CDMSE) of students. Data was collected from a sample of 120 participants from 5 different universities across Botswana. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale, Career decision self-efficacy Short form (CDSE-SF) and the Proactive Personality (PP) scales were administered to assess the variables under study. The data collected was analyzed using the Pearson’s correlation, regression analysis and Hayes’ mediation model. The results indicate that proactive personality had a significant positive impact on the career decision making self-efficacy levels of students. Secondly, self-esteem had a significant positive correlation and impact with the career decision making self-efficacy of student. Moreover, mediation analysis indicate that proactive personality significantly mediated the relationship between self-esteem and career decision making self-efficacy of university students. Further analysis reveal a significant positive correlation of student’s age with their self-esteem levels but no gender disparities were found. In conclusion, students with higher levels of proactive personality and self-esteem are more likely to have higher levels of career decision making self-efficacy. Further results, implications and limitations are discussed.

Teacher's Self-Esteem and Job Satisfaction: Pilot Study in Chittagong Region

This study was an attempt to investigate the self-esteem and job satisfaction of teachers as a function of types of teacher and institutions. To collect data, participants were selected purposively, Total 120 respondents were selected. Among them 60 were college teachers (30 were from government and 30 from non-government college). In addition, 60 were school teachers (30 were from government and 30 from non-government schools) were selected. The Bangla version of "Job Satisfaction Scale" (Rahman, 2003) and "Self-esteem Scale" (Ilyas 2003) were used to measure job satisfaction -and self-esteem of the teachers. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings of the presentstudy showed that Government teachers are found having significantly more self-esteemed (F= 5:7.1, df = 1, p < 0.02) than non-government teachers. But types of teacher were no significant effect on self-esteem. On the other hand, institutions were found having no significant effects on the job satisfaction at the teachers. However, college teachers were found having significantly more job satisfaction {F= 9.00 df = 1, p <0.00) than school teachers. Results also showed positive correlation (r = 0.17, p < 0.01) between job satisfaction and self-esteem of the teachers. The Chittagong Univ. J B. Sci. 8(1&2): 107-116, 2013

Cultural adaption, translation, preliminary reliability and validity of psychological and behavioural measures for adolescents living with HIV in Botswana: A multi-stage approach.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a significant public health issue among young people living in Botswana. There is a need for reliable and valid psychological and behavioural measures of causally important constructs for this population. We developed a new HIV knowledge measure for use with 10-19-year-olds living with HIV and translated and adapted additional tools measuring HIV adjustment, HIV disclosure cognitions and affect, HIV communication beliefs, antiretroviral (ART) adherence, and self-esteem, using a multi-step process. This included (1) item generation for the HIV knowledge questionnaire, (2) translation including back-translation and expert review, (3) cognitive interviewing, (4) reliability testing (5) preliminary validity analysis. The HIV Knowledge Questionnaire for Adolescents living with HIV, the Illness Cognition Questionnaire, the Adolescent HIV Disclosure Cognition and Affect Scale, the HIV Communication Beliefs Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale showed acceptable or good reliability and some evidence of validity for adolescents living with HIV in Botswana.

Prevalence of phubbing behaviour in school and university students in Spain.

This study examined the prevalence of phubbing behavior among school and university students in Spain and analyzed the correlation of phubbing with other indicators of psychological well-being and mental health. The study sample comprised a total of 1,351 school and university students, with ages ranging from 12 to 21 years. The study used the Phubbing Scale (PS), the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), and the Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ) for data collection. The results showed evidence of phubbing among approximately half of the students. Statistically significant differences were found based on gender and educational level in the Phone Obsession subscale and the PS total score, with male students and university students scoring higher in their respective parameters. In addition, phubbing was positively correlated with problematic internet use and negatively correlated with self-esteem. Phubbing behavior is highly prevalent among adolescents aged 12-21 years and is positively correlated with low self-esteem and problematic internet use. Developing strategies for addressing this widespread issue at early ages, particularly within the educational context, such as schools, is crucial for implementing preventive measures. The inappropriate use of technological devices, including smartphones, in schools has the potential to negatively affect students' well-being and ability to adapt to school.

SKY Nithyanantham meditation to control Aggression Violence thoughts among Juvenile Delinquents

BACKGROUND: Crimes committed by young individuals and is crucial for anti-social violent behaviors to the society have juvenile delinquency. Juvenile delinquency constitutes nearly one-fifth of crimes against people and one-third of property crimes in India. The majority of youths have engaged in some form of delinquency during their adolescent years. Efforts to Prevention, intervention, and rehabilitation interventions play a crucial role in addressing juvenile delinquency and promoting positive outcomes for young individuals. AIM: The aim of this study to influence the Simplified Kundalini Yoga’s Nithyanantham Meditation to control Aggression Violence Thoughts among Juvenile Delinquents. METHODS: The experimental study was conducted on Delinquents subjects of Juvenile Observation Home at Coimbatore, India in 2023. The total number of 80 Juvenile delinquent Male subjects divided to 2 equal groups of Experimental and Control group with a pre-test & Post-test conducted. Using the psychological variables of Pre and Post-test scores of DASS (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale) and Aggression Violence thoughts. The practice of SKY Nithyanantham meditation, Pranayama with simplified physical exercises conducted regularly on 5 days of a week, daily 1 hour for 6 months training programme given to the Experimental group. Self-esteem Scale by Penn State has been used. Psychological variables were assessed by the self-report questionnaire pre and post intervention training programme. The results of data analysed by t-test and ANOVA. According to statistical analysis, at < 0.01 level of significant results obtained Experimental group, no significant results of selected variables by the control group subjects based on the post-test results. CONCLUSION: The results was clear that Simplified Kundalini Yoga’s Nithyanantham Meditation to control Aggression Violence Thoughts among Juvenile Delinquents. The yoga therapeutics with respect to anti-depressant qualities corrects underlying cognitive psychology, social cognition and an overall enhancement of self-esteem. KEY WORDS: Juvenile delinquents, Yoga, Meditation, Aggression thoughts & Self-esteem, etc.

Prognostic Features of Sarcopenia in Older Hospitalized Patients: A 6-Month Follow-Up Study.

Background: Sarcopenia is associated with adverse health outcomes. Understanding the association between sarcopenia, multidimensional frailty, and prognosis is essential for improving patient care. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and prognostic signature of sarcopenia in an acute hospital setting co-led by internists and geriatricians. Methods: Sarcopenia was assessed by applying the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) algorithm, including the SARC-F score, handgrip strength, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, to 97 older multimorbid inpatients (76.5 ± 6.8 years, 55% women). The patients underwent a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) including an evaluation of Geriatric Syndromes (GSs) and Resources (GR) and prognosis calculation using the CGA-based Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), European Quality of life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Information on survival and rehospitalizations was collected 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge. Results: Sarcopenia was present in 63% (95% CI: 54-72%) of patients and categorized as probable (31%), confirmed (13%), and severe sarcopenia (18%). Sarcopenic patients showed significantly higher median MPI-values (p < 0.001), more GSs (p = 0.033), fewer GR (p = 0.003), lower EQ-5D-5L scores (p < 0.001), and lower RSES scores (p = 0.025) than non-sarcopenic patients. Six months after discharge, being sarcopenic at baseline was predictive of falls (p = 0.027) and quality of life (p = 0.043), independent of age, gender, and MPI. Conclusions: Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in older hospitalized multimorbid patients and is associated with poorer prognosis, mood, and quality of life up to 6 months after discharge, independent of age, sex, and MPI as surrogate markers of biological age.

What Factors Influence Teenagers' School Readiness?

Students' willingness to participate in academic and extracurricular activities at school is correlated with their readiness for school. Several elements influence students' motivation to participate in school activities, both academic and extracurricular. This research aims to determine the factors that shape the school readiness of junior high school students. The research method used is quantitative with a correlation research design. The research sample was 507 junior high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and was determined using a proportional random sampling technique. Data collection techniques used the school readiness scale, social support scale, self-esteem scale, and conflict resolution skills scale. Data analysis techniques to uncover research problems use path analysis. The research results showed that social support, self-esteem, and conflict resolution skills explained 92.5% of the factors forming the school readiness of junior high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Social support makes a high contribution to school readiness compared to conflict resolution skills and self-esteem.