Self-esteem Relationships Research Articles

Does the mortality salience effect on worldview defence depend on the cultural orientation of Chinese people?

According to the terror management theory, people tend to favour their worldview and in-group members after being reminded of death (i.e., mortality salience [MS] effect). However, inconsistent findings of the MS effect were found among Chinese people. In the present study, we examined the MS effect with Chinese samples and tested whether the effect would depend on participants' cultural orientation and relational self-esteem. In Studies 1 (N = 227) and 2 (N = 221), we examined the roles of participants' cultural orientations and relational self-esteem in their evaluations on moral transgression and/or perceived regard from people around after being primed with mortality (vs. dental pain) salience. We obtained the interaction effects of mortality salience, cultural orientations, and relational self-esteem. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of Chinese culture.

Hope and Satisfaction with Life: Testing the Mediating Roles of Self-Esteem in three Asian Cultures

The relationship between well-being and the personal strength of hope has been elaborated by the identification of internal (self) and external (family, peers, spiritual) locus-of-hope dimensions. Du, Bernardo, and Yeung (2015) showed that self-esteem (personal and relational) mediates the relationship between locus-of-hope and life satisfaction. Locus-of-hope’s goal-related thoughts involve self-evaluation that may either enhance or diminish self-worth, which then influences life satisfaction. We tested the mediated model in three cultural groups: Malaysians, Macau Chinese, and Filipinos. Participants completed scales measuring locus-of-hope, personal and relational self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Path analysis showed significant indirect effects in all cultures: (a) internal locus-of-hope on life satisfaction, mediated by personal self-esteem, and (b) external-family locus-of-hope on life satisfaction, mediated by relational self-esteem. Other significant indirect effects were found in specific cultural groups. Cross-cultural similarities and differences are discussed with reference to how distinct cultures give different meanings to forms of agency associated with the personal strength of hope, creating distinct pathways towards life satisfaction.

Impact of dentofacial esthetics in self-esteem. A review of the literature.

At the national level, it is considered that around half of 12-year-old children have some type of malocclusion. This problem gives rise to negative functional and esthetic consequences that produce a dissatisfaction in the individual, which is related to the severity of the dental irregularities. Even so, there are differences in their recognition and evaluation, given that it is not uncommon to observe some patients with severe malocclusions who are satisfied with their dental esthetics. Physical and facial appearance play a fundamental role in interpersonal communication; therefore, malocclusion can have a negative effect on social relationships, affecting the self-image and self-esteem of individuals. The objective of this article is to describe the results reported in the literature about the impact of dentofacial esthetics on self-esteem. Evidence about the impact of malocclusions and their relationship with general self-esteem and psychosocial disorders of dentofacial esthetics is varied; there is no direct association between these three measurements in all cases. Below, we present some interesting studies and evidence. The studies reveal the association that exists between malocclusion, general self-esteem and psychosocial disorders in relation to dentofacial esthetics. The majority of studies are in adolescent populations at the national and international level. This clearly shows the lack of studies in young or university age populations, which is of interest in dentistry and public health.

Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy Relation with High and Low Academic Achievement and Gender Difference Among Graduate Students

In the twenty first century, education plays a very crucial role in human development. Some people acquire high academic achievement through education. The present study accounts the difference in self-esteem and self-efficacy in relation to high and low academic achievement and gender difference among the graduate students. The study consist 100 students, 50 high academic achievements (divided into 25 male & 25 female) and 50 low academic achievements (divided into 25 male & 25 female) as a sample. The subjects were selected through random sampling method in the age range of 21 to 25 years. For the purpose of data collection self-esteem scale by Sing and Srivastav (2008) and Self-efficacy scale by Mathur and Bhatnagar (2012) are used. Mean, SD and t value are used for statistical analysis of data. The conclusions of the present study are: (l)There is significant difference in selfesteem. High academic achievement students are higher in self-esteem than the low academic achievements students. (2) There is significant difference in self-etficacy. High academic achievement students are higher in selfefficacy than the low academic achievements students. (3) There is a significant gender difference in self-esteem. Male students are higher in self-esteem than the female students. (4) There is a significant gender difference in self efficacy. Male students are higher in self-efficacy than the female students.

Sexual Expression and It's Determinants, in People Diagnosed with Psychotic Disorders.

This qualitative study aims to explore the difficulties people with a psychotic disorder have in sexual expression, and associated determinants. Twenty-eight semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using the Grounded Theory method. Almost all participants experienced unfulfilled needs in sexual expression. These unfulfilled needs were associated with a range of factors, including antipsychotic medication, psychotic symptoms, sexual abuse, social skills and stigma, all of which may converge on a pathway involving (sexual) self-esteem. Further research is required to better understand the role of self-esteem in relation to sexual needs and expression in people with psychotic disorders.

Psychometric Properties of the Relational Self-Esteem Scale in a Community-Based Sample in China

Abstract. This study examines the psychometric properties of the Relational Self-Esteem scale (RSE; Du, King, & Chi, 2012 ) in a community sample in rural China. The RSE was developed to measure one’s sense of self-worth in relationships with significant others (i.e., family and friends). The study draws upon data from 754 rural residents (42.4% HIV-positive) in a county in central China with a high prevalence of HIV infection. Factor structure and measurement invariance were examined using confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). Concurrent validity was tested by correlating the RSE with a set of previously developed measures of psychological well-being and social support. The data supported a two-factor family-friend model for both HIV-positive and HIV-negative samples. Multiple-group tests showed measurement invariance across two samples. Concurrent validity was confirmed with correlations in the expected direction between the RSE and psychological well-being and social support. Implications for mental health research and practice are discussed.

Intercultural Management in Culturally Diverse Classrooms

Globalisation and internationalisation have brought culturally diverse classrooms into universities and schools worldwide. There are increasing opportunities for culturally diverse teachers and students to interact and learn from each other. This paper investigates the changes that occur when classrooms are managed by teachers with different cultural backgrounds from that of their students, utilising observations and interviews. The research indicates that when people from both collective and individualist cultures are in the same classroom, the different dynamics require adjustments from at least one cultural group to achieve desirable learning outcomes, in particular from the teacher. This is largely due to, in individualistic and collective cultures, teachers having different roles associated with their respective power structure and social hierarchy caused by various ways of establishing and maintaining individual self-esteem and perceiving self in relation to others. It would appear that the changes are engineered by a teacher’s desire to allow students to learn more effectively and teachers’ belief as to what are effective teaching and learning strategies. However, the changes are also accompanied by many challenges and personal growth on the part of the teachers. Bridging cultural differences should never been taken for granted. Should teachers reflect deeply and adjust to changes in classroom culture, the learning and teaching experiences can be both enriching and enlightening. Intellectual challenges and reflections on different home and host cultural assumptions are required when managing students who are from dissimilar cultural backgrounds.

The effects of perspective-taking on prejudice reduction among Thais: The moderating role of relational self-esteem

Perspective-taking has successfully been used to reduce prejudice, especially when perspective takers have high self-esteem. However, only a few studies have been conducted to explore the effects of perspective-taking on reducing prejudice in Asian countries. This study investigated the moderating role of relational self-esteem on the effects of perspective-taking on prejudice reduction. In this study, high or low relational self-esteem was activated, and participants were either allocated in the perspective-taking manipulation group or the control group. The results showed that using perspective-taking techniques when individuals have high relational self-esteem increased, instead of decreased, prejudice toward homosexuality. This study showed that manipulating perspective-taking may present different results in different cultures.

Race-related stress and hopelessness in community-based African American adults: Moderating role of social support.

The mental health outcomes associated with racial discrimination are well documented in scientific literature. Despite strong links to mental illness, hopelessness is largely overlooked as a consequence of discrimination in empirical research. The current study examined the association of race-related stress and hopelessness in a community sample of African American adults. Utilizing a risk-resilience framework, we examined multiple dimensions of social support as plausible protective factors against the negative effects of race-related stress. Self-report measures of race-related stress (Index of Race Related Stress-Brief; Utsey & Ponterotto, 1996), hopelessness (Beck Hopelessness Scale; Beck, Weissman, Lester, & Trexler, 1974), and social support (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List; Cohen & Hoberman, 1983) were completed by a sample of African American adults (N = 243; mean age = 35.89 years). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess the main and interactive effects of race-related stress and three dimensions of social support (appraisal, belonging, and self-esteem) in relation to hopelessness ratings. All dimensions of social support were associated with self-reported hopelessness, with the self-esteem dimension emerging as the strongest predictor. Though self-esteem social support buffered the role of race-related stress on self-reported hopelessness, appraisal and belonging support did not. Individual and collective morale for one's racial group (via self-esteem social support) may be especially valuable for African Americans who face racial discrimination. Findings highlight the importance of culturally relevant factors that may ameliorate the effects of race-related stress. (PsycINFO Database Record

Job-Calling, Work Engagement and Proactive Behavior

본 연구는 지금까지 연구되어 온 직무 소명의식을 분석해, 직무열의 및 주도적 행동과의 관계를 측정하고 직무 소명의식과 직무열의 및 주도적 행동 사이에서의 조직기반자긍심의 매개효과를 실증 분석한 다차원의 연구이다. 본 연구의 목적은 크게 세 가지이다. 첫째, 직무 소명 의식을 선행변수로 한 조직기반 자긍심과의 관계를 규명하고자 한다. 둘째, 조직행동에 영향을 주는 소명의식과 직무열의 및 주도적 행동의 관계를 파악해 보았다. 셋째, 직무열의 및 주도적 행동과 선행변수와의 관계에서 조직기반 자긍심의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 검증을 위해 서울 등 수도권에 소재한 기업의 종사자들을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였고, 211명으로부터 회수된 설문지를 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 직무소명의식은 매개변수인 조직기반 자긍심에 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 직무 소명의식과 종속변수인 직무열의와의 관계를 살펴 본 결과, 직무 소명의식이 직무열의에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 직무소명의식은 주도적 행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 조직기반 자긍심은 직무소명의식과 직무열의 및 주도적 행동의 관계에서 부분매개 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구가 제시하는 시사점으로는 첫째, 직원 선발시 소명의식에 맞는 직원을 선발하거나 소명의식 개발에 초점을 맞춰 조직에 대한 일체감을 높일 필요가 있다. 둘째, 직무에 대한 소명의식이 높은 사람일수록 일에 대한 열중, 노력, 많은 양의 에너지를 쏟을 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 소명의식이 높은 사람일수록 적극적인 태도와 행동을 보이기 때문에 연구 직무의 소명의식을 갖출 수 있는 직원들의 교육훈련이 필요하다. 마지막으로 직무소명 의식과 직무열의 및 주도적 행동이라는 내적 동기변수를 높일 때에는 조직에 대한 신뢰와 믿음과 같은 조직기반 자긍심이 중요한 역할을 한다는 결과를 밝혀냈다.

Genetic and environmental etiology of stability and changes in self-esteem linked to personality: A Japanese twin study

This study used a behavioral genetic approach to examine the genetic and environmental etiology of stability and changes in self-esteem in relation to personality. Multiple genetic analyses were conducted on a longitudinal dataset of self-esteem and Big Five personality scores among young adult Japanese twins over the course of a decade. There were 1221 individuals for whom data were available on both self-esteem and the Big Five personality test at Time 1 and 365 at Time 2. The mean interval between the two times was 9.95years. Genetic effects on self-esteem were robust, and the same genes were responsible for the stability of self-esteem in individuals over time. Nearly half of the variance in self-esteem was explained by a new genetic factor arising during the decade, suggesting that genetic innovation of self-esteem occurred in early adult life. The genetic and environmental covariance structure between personality and self-esteem in individuals was constant over a decade, providing evidence that the stability of self-esteem was largely attributable to personality. However, genetics for self-esteem independent of personality still contributed to stability over time, differentiating the concept of self-esteem from personality as a trait in terms of its genetic and environmental etiological levels.

The endless pursuit for self-validation through attainment: An examination of self-esteem in relation to workaholism

Relationships among self-esteem, workaholism, and work stress were investigated. Data were collected from 414 faculty and staff members at a large Southeastern university and a large manufacturing organization. Workaholism and work stress were positively related to each other, while self-esteem was negatively related to workaholism. A serial mediation analysis revealed that all direct paths were statistically significant, with the exception of the direct path from self-esteem to work stress. Low self-esteem led to workaholism, workaholism led to working more hours and to greater work stress, and working more hours also led to increased stress.

Self-esteem and subjective well-being revisited: The roles of personal, relational, and collective self-esteem.

Previous studies have shown that self-esteem is an important predictor of subjective well-being. However, the majority of research has focused on self-esteem at the individual and the collective level, but has mostly ignored self-esteem at the relational level. According to social identity theory, individuals can maintain and enhance self-esteem through personal traits (personal self-esteem, PSE), relationships with significant others (relational self-esteem, RSE), and relationships with larger groups (collective self-esteem, CSE). The current research investigated whether RSE and CSE can predict subjective well-being beyond PSE among Chinese college students. With four cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal study (N = 847), we found that, when controlling for PSE, RSE was associated with greater life satisfaction, positive affect, meaning in life, happiness, and subjective vitality (Studies 1–5), but CSE was not (Studies 2–5). Implications are discussed.

PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK PERSONAL AUDITOR TERHADAP PENERIMAAN PERILAKU DISFUNGSI AUDIT PADA UNIT ORGANISASI TNI ANGKATAN LAUT

He purpose of this study is to determine the influence of Locus of Control, self-esteem relating to ambition, professional commitment, personal performance of employees to acceptance of dysfunctional audit behavior. The data of this research is officer of examiner who work in Ispektorat Jenderal TNI Navy force as many as 74 people. The research methodology used is descriptive statistic with validity test, reliability test and simple linear regression test. The results of this study indicate that the locus of control and professional commitment have a significant positive influence on the acceptance of dysfunctional audit behavior, while the self-esteem associated with ambition, personal performance and turn over interntion significantly negatively affect the acceptance of dysfunctional audit behavior. In order to control the reception of dysfunctional audit behavior, Irjenal needs to encourage self-esteem enhancement, improved personal performance of pegwai and turn over intention.Key Word : Locus of Control,Self Esteem In Relation to Ambition, Profesional commitment, profesional, self rate employee performance , turn over intension, Disfungsional Auditor Behaviour

The Association Between Physical Self Concept, Sport and Gender in Algerian Adolescents

This study aims to clarify the impact of sport specialty in physical self concept and gender, and also the difference in the dimension of the physical self concept. A sample of research is made up of 169 sportsmen in different disciplines from Chlef’s sport league with an average age of 18.3± 2.45 (soccer , volleyball, athleticism). The Physical self-description questionnaire (PSDQ) was used to measure the concept of physical self-according to multidimensional perspectives. The research results have demonstrated that the kind of sport discipline practiced by high level players has an impact on their understanding of their physical selves, and the second results might assert the general approximation which we are about to speak about. Gender issue influences self-esteem in relation to individuals, yet in the field of sport, we realize that males and females are equal at the level of all other dimensions of the questioner.

Video interaction guidance in collaborative group work: impact on primary school pupils’ self-esteem and behaviours

Video interaction guidance (VIG) is an increasingly recognised evidence-based intervention. VIG was used to enhance pupil responses during a group work programme. Fifteen primary-aged classes across a range of socio-economic status received regular group work over a year. A mixed methods repeated measures design involved nine experimental classes receiving intervention of three cycles of VIG. Six control classes did not receive the VIG intervention. Pre-to-post-test measures included: pupils’ self-esteem in relation to learning, using the Myself as a Learner Scale; a peer assessment schedule based upon Frederickson and Cameron’s Social Inclusion Survey; and a researcher devised pupil questionnaire. Pupils’ communicative behaviours were analysed for a random sample of 12 video clips. Results showed that reinforcement of desirable group work behaviours using VIG enhanced pupils’ self-esteem. The VIG intervention significantly enhanced the experimental group. There was greatest impact on increasing the self-esteem of younger children. Experimental pupils’ retrospective ratings of group work significantly increased, again youngest pupils showed greatest improvement. Film observations showed a trend towards an increase in pupils’ open questions replacing closed questions. There was a significant positive increase in peer assessment of communicative behaviours across the whole sample, irrespective of the VIG intervention. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

Self-esteem in children in joint physical custody and other living arrangements

ObjectivesParental support has been shown to be important for children's self-esteem, which in turn is related to later important life outcomes. Today, an increasing number of children in the Western world spend time in both the parents' respective households after a separation. Children who live with both parents report more parental support than children who live only with one parent after a divorce. We took the opportunity of the commonness of children sharing their time between their parents' homes in Sweden to investigate children's self-esteem in relation to family type. Study design and methodsWith nationally representative survey data (ULF) collected from both parents and children, we analyze differences in children's self-esteem among 4823 10–18 year olds in nuclear families, joint physical custody and those living mostly or only with one parent after a separation using ordinary least squares regression, adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. ResultsWe found no significant difference in self-esteem between children who lived equally much with both parents, mostly with one parent and those in nuclear families, whereas children in single care showed lower self-esteem compared with children in the other living arrangements. The difference was not explained by socioeconomic factors. ConclusionThe self-esteem of children who share their time between their parent's respective homes after a separation does not deviate from that in their peers in nuclear families. Instead, those in single care reported lower self-esteem than those in the other living arrangements. These differences were not explained by socioeconomic factors. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish pre- and post-separation family characteristics that influence self-esteem and well-being in young people.

SELF ESTEEM IN RELATION TO ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG HIGHER SECONDARY STUDENTS

Self - esteem is how we value ourselves; it is how we perceive our value to the world and how valuable we think we are to others. Self - esteem affects our trust in others, our relationship, our work – nearly every part of our lives. Positive self – esteem gives us the strength and flexibility to take charge of our lives and grow from our mistakes without the fear of rejection. The paper is an attempt to find to identify self-esteem in relation to academic achievement among higher secondary students. The investigator adopted the survey method to study self-esteem of higher secondary students. The study is based on primary data which is collected from 300 higher secondary students in and around Coimbatore district using simple random sampling technique. The findings reveal that totally 25.66% of the selected higher secondary students belong to low level of self-esteem, 42.33% of the selected higher secondary students belong to moderate level of self-esteem, 32% of the selected higher secondary students belong to high level of self-esteem. Totally 24.3% of the selected higher secondary students belong to low level of Academic Achievement, 28.4% of the selected higher secondary students belong to moderate level of Academic Achievement, and 47.3% of the selected higher secondary students belong to high level of Academic Achievement. Also it is found that there is no significant difference in self-esteem in relation to academic achievement among the selected higher secondary school students.

Community gardening in poor neighborhoods in France: A way to re-think food practices?

Social inequalities in diet are attributed to sociocultural determinants, economic constraints, and unequal access to healthy food. Fruits and vegetables are lacking in the diets of disadvantaged populations.The objective was to test the hypothesis that, in poor neighborhoods, community gardeners will have larger supply of healthy food, especially fruit and vegetables, than non-gardeners. We examined community gardens from the perspective of production, economics and nutrition, and social and symbolic dimensions, through multidisciplinary investigations involving women with access to a community garden plot in a poor neighborhood of Marseille, France. Gardeners’ monthly household food supplies (purchases and garden production) were analyzed and compared with those of women with a similar socio-economic profile living in the same neighborhoods, without access to a garden.Twenty-one gardeners participated. Only eleven of them harvested during the month of the study, and the amount they collected averaged 53 g of produce per household member per day. Whether they harvested or not, most gardeners gave preference to diversity, taste and healthiness of produce over quantity produced. Interviews revealed a value assigned to social, cultural and symbolic dimensions: pride in producing and cooking their own produce, related self-esteem, and sharing their produce at the meal table. The only significant difference between the food supplies of gardener and non-gardener households was seen for fruit and vegetables (369 vs. 211 g/d per person). This difference was due to larger purchases of fruit and vegetables, and not to higher quantities produced.In spite of the cross-sectional nature of our study and the small quantities harvested, our results suggest that having access to a community garden could encourage socio-economically disadvantaged women to adopt dietary practices that more closely meet dietary recommendations.

Gender differences in the role of self-esteem and social support in relation to the effects of school bullying victimization on depression

Gender differences in the role of self-esteem and social support in relation to the effects of school bullying victimization on depression