Self-esteem Of People Research Articles

Stammering: The importance of providing support early

Stammering can have an important impact on children and young people's self-esteem. Dorothy Lepkowska looks at the importance of early detection, forms of treatment and providing the right sort of support in school.

The Silence of Mental Health Issues Within University Environments: A Quantitative Study

A descriptive study was used to examine the attitudes and experiences of staff and students towards mental health problems. Staff completed the "Attitude towards mental illness survey", and students who self-identified having a mental health problem completed the "Stigma scale". Using an online collection process, data from 270 staff and 201 students showed that the "silence" surrounding mental health problems permeates the university environment and impacts on help seeking behaviors, the provision of support and on the recovery and wellbeing of affected individuals. Universities must decrease stigma and foster social inclusion to build self-esteem in people who have mental health problems.

Effect of Different Levels of a Disability to the Self-Esteem of People with a Disability who Work as a Part-time Employee; Focused on the Mediating Effect of Discrimination Experience

Effect of Different Levels of a Disability to the Self-Esteem of People with a Disability who Work as a Part-time Employee; Focused on the Mediating Effect of Discrimination Experience

Arte para todos. Proyecto de investigación y creación con personas con capacidades diversas

This paper presents the Art for All project, developed by the Patio Herreriano Museum in collaboration of the Occupational Center for people with diverse abilities of the city council of Valladolid. The project has as aim to encourage creativity, social integration, autonomy and self-esteem in people with intellectual disability through creative processes related to contemporary art.

‘Mum never loved me.’ How structural factors influence adolescent sexual and reproductive health through parent–child connectedness: A qualitative study in rural Tanzania

Research in high income countries shows parent–child connectedness to be protective against undesirable sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes among young people. Little has been done to understand the nature of parent–child connectedness, the structural factors that impact on connectedness and parents’ understanding of how connectedness affects their children's sexual behaviour in sub-Saharan Africa and Tanzania in particular. Ethnographic research involved 30 days of observation in 10 households, 9 focus group discussions and 60 in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVIVO qualitative data analysis software.The structural factors with greatest influence on connectedness were economic circumstances, gender, social status, state education, and globalisation. Economic circumstances impacted on parent–child connectedness through parents’ ability to provide for their children's material needs, and the time their occupation allowed for them to spend with their children and monitor their activities. Appropriate parent–child interactions were shaped by gender norms and by social status in the form of respectability, adolescents’ adherence to norms of respect/ obedience shaping their parents’ affection. State education affected parents’ preferences between children but also undermined parental authority, as did broader globalisation. Connectedness was related to SRH in a bi-directional way: lack of connectedness was linked to young people's low self-esteem and risky sexual behaviour while unplanned pregnancies seriously undermined young women's connectedness with their parents. Since material provision was perceived to be a central element of parent–child connectedness, structural factors limiting provision made transactional sex more likely both through direct material pathways and emotional ones. Motives for transactional sex were said to be material needs and to feel loved and cared for.An important pathway by which structural factors shape adolescent SRH outcomes is through parent–child connectedness, especially parents’ ability to spend time with their children and provide for their economic needs. Modifying these structural factors should facilitate parent–child connectedness, which may help delay early sexual intercourse, protect young people against unplanned pregnancy through encouraging communication on contraception use and, overall, promote healthy adolescent development.

Protean career attitudes during unemployment and reemployment: A longitudinal perspective

This 3-wave, 12-month longitudinal study investigated how protean career orientation (PCO) influences unemployed people's self-esteem, job search activity, employment perceived job improvement and perceived career growth over time. Panel data analysis with a sample of 186 people revealed that PCO was significantly associated with increased self-esteem, job search activity and reemployment. The effect of self-esteem on job search activity was mediated by PCO. PCO was significantly associated with job improvement and career growth once reemployed and the relationship between PCO and career growth was mediated by job improvement. PCO declined once participants become reemployed. Implications for how career counselors can develop career transitions programs that facilitate a PCO are presented.

Health Behaviour Change Interventions for the Promotion of Physical Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease with typical onset between the ages of 40 and 50 years. Increasing levels of physical activity (PA) have been shown to decrease inflammation, reduce pain, increase functional ability and improve self-esteem in people with RA. Health behaviour change (HBC) interventions have recently shown promise in facilitating the promotion of PA within a range of long-term conditions. There is currently no evidence synthesis relating to HBC interventions to increase PA in the RA population. The aim of the present study was to determine whether HBC interventions can increase PA in people with RA and identify optimal interventions or promising constituent components of the HBC interventions. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify randomized, controlled trials investigating the effect of HBC interventions on PA level in adults with RA. Four review authors independently assessed the methodological quality of studies and extracted data based upon predefined criteria. Following the application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, three studies remained for inclusion. Two studies reported significant short-term (<9 months) beneficial effects of HBC upon PA (p < 0.05). Individualized interventions were significantly more effective (p < 0.05). Due to methodological flaws and a lack of comparison with usual care, it is not possible to conclude whether HBC interventions can increase PA in the RA population. Although it is possible to highlight promising elements of HBC interventions, such as goal setting and feedback on performance, further research on all specific components, including information provision, behaviour contracts and problem solving, is required to establish conclusive clinical guidelines.

INTERNALISASI STIGMA &amp; HARGA DIRI PADA ORANG DENGAN SKIZOFRENIA

The aim of this study is to analyze the influence internalized stigma on self-esteem in people with schizophrenia (outpatients) in Jakarta. The research was held in Komunitas Peduli Skizofrenia Indonesia, Puskesmas Tebet, and Klender Islamic Mental Hospital on November 2012. This research used quantitative ex-post facto research method. This research used incidental sampling. Collecting data used scale of internalization stigma which is adapted from ISMI (Internalization Stigma of Mental Illness) scale and self-esteem scale’s Rosenberg, were assessed among 42 outpatients who have schizophrenia. Statistical analysis obtainded using the Regression test. Based on the result of data analysis found that adjusted R square internalized stigma on self-esteem was 0,176 (17,6%), which means that influence internalized stigma to self-esteem was 17,6% and 82,4% influenced by others factors beyond self-esteem. This result showed that fluctuation of self-esteem in people with schizophrenia (outpatients) contrary to fluctuation of internalized stigma variable.

Looking at the potential impact and management of acne

Acne is a common skin condition in adolescents and young adults. Severe cases can lead to scarring if left untreated. The condition can also have a substantial impact on young people's self-esteem and emotional health and wellbeing. School nurses can help support young people with acne by providing advice on the condition and its treatment, and through referral when appropriate.

Implicit Attitudes Toward the Self Over Time

Three studies examined whether people hold meaningful implicit attitudes toward future selves. Two approaches to measuring implicit future self-esteem were developed (individualized and generic Implicit Association Tests) and attitudes toward the self in ten (Studies 1 and 2) or one years' time (Study 3) were assessed. We predicted that implicit future self-esteem would be less strongly influenced by self-enhancement and wishful thinking than explicit future self-esteem. Consistent with this expectation, people's explicit self-esteem was more positive toward their future than their current self, whereas implicit future self-esteem was not enhanced relative to the present. As expected, implicit (but not explicit) future self-esteem predicted academic and health motivation, as well as greater elaboration of, and more structure in, future goals. In contrast, explicit (but not implicit) future self-esteem predicted future-oriented measures more linked to wishful thinking: positive fantasies and general optimism. These results suggest that implicit future self-esteem is meaningfully distinct from explicit future self-esteem and has implications for motivation and goals.

The Effects of Cinema Therapy on Depression and Self-Esteem in People with Schizophrenia

Abstract This study was done to investigate the effects of cinema therapy on schizophrenia patients' depression and self esteem. The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Participants were recruited from two mental health facilities in J city(20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). The research was carried out from March to April, 2010. The cinema therapy was conducted seven times. After the cinema therapy, depression of schizophrenia patients in experimental group was lowered compared with that of patients in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=-4.17, p<.001). After the cinema therapy, self esteem of schizophrenia patients in experimental group was improved compared with that of patients in control group, and the difference was statistically significant(t= 5.77, p<.001). The results indicate that the cinema therapy was a useful program leading positive effects on depression and self esteem in schizophrenia patients.

The Travellers programme: A way of supporting young people to manage their wellbeing

This article discusses some findings from recent studies on the mental health of young people. It then uses findings from an evaluation of Travellers - an early intervention programme for secondary school students (generally in Year 9) who are having difficulty coping with life events and transitions - to show how this programme can be used in a school setting to support young people's mental health and wellbeing. Travellers aims to build young people's resilience, confidence, self-esteem and feelings of connectedness. The programme is managed by Skylight and involves a series of group workshops for students run by two Travellers facilitators (usually the school guidance counsellor and one other staff member). In 2011 Skylight commissioned the New Zealand Council for Educational Research (NZCER) to conduct an evaluation to explore the impact of Travellers on young people. The main source of data was a follow-up survey of 212 young people who mostly participated in the Travellers programme in Year 9. At the time of this study these young people were in Year 11 or 12.

Changing lives? Critical evaluation of a school-based athlete role model intervention

There would appear to be an enduring belief that successful sportsmen and women can act as powerful motivational role models for young people, especially disaffected, disadvantaged or disengaged youth. In the UK, for example, this belief has been expressed recently in the development of programmes, such as changingLIVES, the Respect Athlete Mentor Programme and Playing For Success. There are further examples around the world of programmes based on similar beliefs including Sporting Partnerships, Athlete Development Australia, Active Girls Breakfast and the Whitelion Sports and Recreation program. This paper reports an evaluation of the changingLIVES ‘athlete mentor’ programme in the UK. This was a school-based programme using successful sports people to deliver a series of motivational activities to young people who were identified as being disengaged or disaffected in some way. Conceptual confusion in the terms ‘mentor’ and ‘role model’ evident in the literature was mirrored in the programme design. The design of an appropriate evaluation strategy was constrained by the scale of the programme aims and the comparatively low evaluation budget. Nonetheless, detailed data were collected on individual pupils. Evaluation data suggested that although the teachers and young people did report an immediate positive reaction to the activities, there was limited evidence of a wider impact on young people's behaviour, school attendance or self-esteem. It is argued that there should be greater conceptual clarity and a stronger evidence base supporting the design and delivery of interventions in schools that seek to use sports people as role models (or mentors) for young people.

Challenging the Stigma of Mental Illness

Understanding and challenging stigma are pressing issues for people with mental health difficulties and for those involved in service provision or mental health promotion. It is currently the focus of national alliances and campaigns such as ‘Time to Change’ in England, ‘See Me’ in Scotland', ‘See Change’ in Ireland and ‘Opening Minds’ in Canada. While there may be a broad consensus that the impact of social stigma may be seriously damaging to people's self-esteem and impair their chances of recovery, there is still a relatively weak evidence base as to what may be effective in tackling stigma (Yanos et al., 2008; Tew et al., 2011). In Challenging the Stigma of Mental Illness, Patrick Corrigan and colleagues seek to provide a practically focused text that is grounded in the experience and narratives of those who have struggled with the impact of stigma on their lives. A particular strength is that it does not shy away from some more difficult areas such as recognising that mental health professionals may be complicit in ‘othering’ people with mental health difficulties to much the same extent as the general population.

A Holistic Model for the Development of Entrepreneurial Competencies of the Entrepreneur XXI: The Tree Model

In the present article it will be critically questioned the traditional entrepreneurship education approaches based on a narrow conception of competency, and their values. Assuming the perspective that to be an entrepreneur is basically an attitude towards life and the world, there proposed holistic, constructivist and experiential processes and strategies for entrepreneurship education. The ”entrepreneur XXI”, must be able to undertake a social function of change, so, an economical and social development more human, ethical and intelligent. Under this assumption, the ”Tree Model for the Development of Entrepreneurial Competencies”, that will be discussed globally in the second part of this article, suggests a dynamic and experiential approach of entrepreneurship education based on the qualification of people's behaviour, self-esteem, competencies and experiences; a profile of key behavioural and performance competencies (root), experimental pedagogical procedures (trunk) and real results within group projects (fruits). This model has been developed during the last decade (2001-2011), using a multidisciplinary research-action procedure, within business, education (at different teaching levels) and social projectenvironments.

Music and health. Phenomenological investigation of a medical humanity

In response to the tendency for music to be under-represented in the discourse of medical humanities, we framed the question 'how can music heal?' We answered it by exploring the lived experiences of musicians with lay or professional interests in health. Two medical students and a medically qualified educationalist, all musicians, conducted a co-operative inquiry with a professional musician interested in health. All researchers and six respondents kept audio or written diaries. Three respondents were interviewed in depth. A medical school head (and experienced musician) critiqued the phenomenological analysis of respondents' accounts of music, health, and its relationship with undergraduate medical education. Respondents experienced music as promoting health, even in seriously diseased people. Music affected people's identity and emotions. Through the medium of structure and harmony, it provided a means of self-expression that adapted to whatever condition people were in. Music was a communication medium, which could make people feel less isolated. Immersion in music could change negative states of mind to more positive ones. A transport metaphor was commonly used; music 'taking people to better places'. Exercising control by becoming physically involved in music enhanced diseased people's self-esteem. Music was able to bring the spiritual, mental, and physical elements of their lives into balance, to the benefit of their wellbeing. Music could help medical students appreciate holistically that the state of health of people who are either well or diseased can be enhanced by a 'non-technical' intervention.

The level of self-esteem in people with skin scald damage

The level of self-esteem in people with skin scald damage

The relationship between psychological comfort space and self-esteem in people with mental disorders

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a causal model of the sense of having psychological comfortable space that is call 'ibasho' in Japanese and self-esteem in people with mental disorders who had difficulty in social activities. The subjects were 248 schizophrenia patients who were living in the community and receiving day care treatment. Data were collected from December 2007 to April 2009 using the Scale for the Sense of ibasho for persons with mentally ill (SSI) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and analyzed for cross-validation of construct validity by conducting covariance structure analysis. A relationship between the sense of having comfortable space and self-esteem was investigated. Multiple indicator models of the sense of having psychological comfortable space and self-esteem were evaluated using structural equation modeling. Furthermore, the SSI scores were compared between the high- and low-self-esteem groups. The path coefficient from the sense of having comfortable space to self-esteem was significant (0.80). High-self-esteem group scored significantly higher in the SSI subscales, 'the sense of recognizing my true self' and 'the sense of recognizing deep person-to-person relationships' than the low-self-esteem group. It was suggested that in order to help people with mental disorders improve self-esteem, it might be useful to support them in a way they can enhance the sense of having comfortable space.

Including Others in the Implicit Self: Implicit Evaluation of Significant Others

We argue that people include significant others in their implicit self-concepts. That is, people's implicit evaluations of their significant others are related to their own self-evaluations. Data from five different samples supported this idea by demonstrating that people's implicit self-esteem is related to their implicit evaluations of their close others (both implicit self-esteem and implicit evaluations of significant others were assessed using the name-letter measure). This finding held for parent–child, romantic, and sibling relationships as well as for friendships. This finding also held controlling for people's explicit self-esteem and how much people liked letters in general. These findings suggest that people include significant others in their implicit self-concepts, which appear to be distinct representations from people's explicit beliefs. The potential implications for relationship functioning are discussed.

Patterns of experienced and anticipated discrimination in patients with Schizophrenia. Italian results from the INDIGO international multisite project

To describe patterns of experienced and anticipated discrimination in a sample of schizophrenic patients recruited in Italy in the context of the International Study of Discrimination and Stigma Outcomes (INDIGO). Cross-sectional survey on a sample of 50 people with clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia recruited in the Italian INDIGO sites of Verona and Brescia. The 41-item interview-based Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC-10), which assesses how experienced and anticipated discrimination affects the life of people with schizophrenia, was used. The most frequently occurring areas of experienced discrimination were discrimination by family members (44%), making and keeping friends (33%), keeping (36%) and finding a job (34%), getting or keeping a driving licence (32%). Anticipated discrimination was common in applying for work, training or education (58%), looking for close relationships (50%) and doing something important (48%); 68% felt the need to conceal their diagnosis. Positive experiences were rare, and getting welfare benefits/disability pensions was the only area where participants reported being treated with advantage (34%) more commonly than with disadvantage (8%). Overall, experienced discrimination reported by Italian patients was in the intermediate position of the score range of all INDIGO sites, whereas anticipated discrimination was lower than that reported in the other countries. Interventions to reduce discrimination against people with schizophrenia may need to address both actual and anticipated discrimination. Targeted therapeutic strategies aiming to improve self-esteem of people with schizophrenia may be useful to facilitate their social participation and full inclusion in the community.