Self-esteem Of Participants Research Articles

Beyond the Filter: Tiktok's Role in Shaping Body Image and Self-esteem in Asian and Asian American Girls and Women

This study examines the relationship between TikTok content consumption and body image concerns among Asian and Asian American females, focusing on the influence of cultural beauty standards. The research explores how exposure to TikTok videos featuring attractive influencers affects body image and self-esteem of participants. Participants included 26 Asian and Asian American women, aged 15-43, who completed surveys incorporating the Body Shape Questionnaire and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. The data were analyzed using correlation and regression analyses. Results indicated a significant negative relationship between the frequency of TikTok consumption and self-esteem, with increased exposure to influencer content correlating with lower levels of body satisfaction. Qualitative findings also revealed cultural tensions between Western and traditional Asian beauty ideals as key factors in shaping participants' body image concerns. The study results suggest that TikTok may exacerbate body image issues in this demographic, highlighting the need for targeted media literacy programs.

Self-Esteem in Adults With ADHD Using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: A Systematic Review

Objective: To summarize and analyze recent articles investigating self-esteem in adults with ADHD, focusing on the impact of demographic and clinical characteristics, and methodological issues. Method: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search for literature published between 2010 and 2022 was conducted in the Web of Science, Ovid, Pubmed, and EBSCO databases. Results: Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. Five of the six studies including healthy controls reported lower self-esteem in participants with ADHD. ADHD symptoms correlated negatively with self-esteem. Gender differences were not observed. Self-esteem mediated several outcomes associated with ADHD. There was a lack of studies that examined potential mechanisms behind the reduced self-esteem, and studies controlling for confounding variables. Conclusion: A robust association between ADHD and low self-esteem in adults emerged, but the lack of control of confounding variables is critical to consider when interpreting the findings. Longitudinal studies addressing the limitations of the current studies are needed.

The role of self-esteem in triggering and maintaining gaming for people with gaming disorder cut-off scores and above average gaming disorder scores: A quasi-experimental study

Correlational research indicates that low self-esteem is associated with gaming disorder. However, experimental research between these variables is lacking. This study aims to quasi-experimentally investigate self-esteem's role in (i) triggering motivation to game and (ii) in maintaining gaming disorder.In Study 1, N = 1712 participants were recruited from massively multiplayer online role playing-game forums. Participants meeting the cut-off score on a gaming disorder measure vs participants with the lowest gaming disorder scores completed scales of self-esteem, self-compassion and self-concept clarity related to their life inside and outside of the gaming-world. In Study 2, N = 175 participants with above average gaming disorder measure scores were randomised to four different groups. Participant's self-esteem was experimentally manipulated. Post-manipulation, participants played or did not play their usual online game. Self-esteem and gaming motivation measures were completed pre, immediately-post and 30 min post-manipulation.In Study 1, all measures increased significantly more for the gaming disorder cut-off group when imagining life inside the game. Self-esteem had the largest increase and self-compassion the smallest. In Study 2, after self-esteem was experimentally lowered, gaming provided a boost to self-esteem significantly above both post-lowered and pre-manipulation levels. However, motivation to game did not change post-lowered self-esteem.This is the first study to provide quasi-experimental evidence for gaming disorder compensatory hypotheses. The study provides evidence for a self-esteem maintenance model of gaming disorder. It provides cautionary evidence that lowered self-esteem does not trigger or cause people scoring above average on a gaming disorder measure to game.

Self-Esteem And Its Impact On Academic Performance Among Undergraduate Nursing Students Of Khyber Pukhtankhwa Pakistan; A Correlational Study

Self-esteem is defined as self-value and the combination of skills and emotional states that describe how highly people respect themselves or think about themselves. Objective: To identify the correlation between self-esteem and academic performance. Methods: The study design was correlational descriptive, which was conducted from August 2022 to September 2022, with a sample size of 185 nursing students and a non-probability sampling technique. The self-esteem of the participants was assessed through a valid and reliable scale. Results: Among the study participants, the majority of the students were male (64.5%). In the collected data, the majority of students’ self-esteem was average (91.90%), while the academic performance of the participants was average (61.1%). The most frequent answers to the scale questions were "agree" and "strongly agree. The overall self-esteem of male participants was higher compared to female participants, while the 4th year students’ self-esteem was higher compared to other years' students. In the academic performance, the performance was best and average. The academic performance of males were higher than female participants. The findings show that there is no correlation between self-esteem and academic performance and also no correlation with selected demographic variables. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that students with higher self-esteem are more confident, have a lower stress level, and are energetic, good problem solvers. Senior students’ self-esteem has higher self-esteem compared to other class students

Unraveling the complex relationship between work transitions and self-esteem and life satisfaction.

Transitions in and out of work are common experiences with major repercussions for people's lives. The complex link between work transitions and psychological adjustment is not well understood, however. In this preregistered study, we analyzed 11 waves of longitudinal data from a representative sample of 13,671 Dutch participants to examine the transactional effects between repeated work transitions (employment and unemployment) and psychological adjustment (self-esteem and life satisfaction). We investigated change trajectories before and after the transitions and tested whether event-related characteristics moderated transition effects. Participants with higher levels of self-esteem and life satisfaction were less likely to experience unemployment and more likely to experience employment, indicating selection effects. Participants decreased in their self-esteem and life satisfaction before the beginning of unemployment indicating anticipatory effects, with larger decreases in self-esteem for participants who ended up experiencing longer unemployment. We found no effects of employment on changes in life satisfaction or self-esteem (except when accounting for unemployment), but participants entering more satisfying jobs showed larger increases in life satisfaction. Results were mostly robust when accounting for gender, age, socioeconomic status, and the Big Five traits, and when using propensity-score matching. Effects did not differ among multiple experiences of the same transition. Together, these findings point to dynamic transactions between employment/unemployment and self-esteem/life satisfaction. Findings highlight the importance of closely assessing the specific timing of pre- and posttransition changes and the existence of large individual differences in reactions to work transitions that seem to be partly explained by event-related characteristics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Participatory Art for Mental Health: A Therapeutic Empowerment

The background that drove the research is that the condition of people with mental illness (PMI) was usually unproductive and tended to be a burden on the family and was exacerbated by the high stigma against PMI in Indonesia. As a result, there were acts of deprivation, confinement, exclusion, and other forms of discrimination that suppress human values. PMI was limited in their living space and socially ostracized because they were accused of disturbing social stability. The purpose of creating art with PMI is the implementation of strengthening social capital through collaboration-based innovations of civil society, academics, and stakeholders that led to the empowerment of people with disabilities. The low productivity of PMI required creative intervention in art creation. Art activities could be encouraging because they felt valued, given productive and fun activities. Currently, art activities were still limited to relaxation and fun distribution. Therefore, this research was a co-creation effort that had an economic impact. The art creation method used was participatory, focusing on inculcating habits, customs, values, and norms without coercion. The participatory process emphasized one's participation in the process of creation. Researcher ensured that the art produced was worthy of being exhibited and had a selling value. This approach produced participatory work that raised the dignity of the participants. The participatory art approach could be considered successful based on the physical indicators of the creation of new art creation. Socio-psychological indicators were the formation of participation, confidence and self-esteem of participants, and the rise of social energy that fostered new enthusiasm for socio-economic improvement. Keywords : participation, PMI, empowerment, art creation DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/12-18-02 Publication date: September 30 th 2022

Procrastination in daily academic tasks and its relationship to self-esteem among university students

Procrastination in daily academic tasks is a popular and complex phenomenon that can be influenced by several factors including self-esteem. The current study seeks to explore the relationship between procrastination in daily academic tasks and self-esteem among university students in Jordan. Additionally, the study aims at examining whether the participants’ gender, academic level and academic specialization have significant effects on procrastination in daily academic tasks and self-esteem. Data were collected form 240 university students in Jordan (123 male & 117 female) by administering an online survey. The study adopted a descriptive correlational approach by employing academic procrastination and self-esteem scales. Results of the study reported a low negative relationship between procrastination in daily academic tasks and self-esteem of participants. The participants reported a moderate level of procrastination in daily academic tasks and self-esteem. The level of procrastination was slightly higher than self-esteem level. Moreover, there was a significant difference in levels of procrastination and self-esteem which were attributed to gender which was in favour of male students. Finally, there were no significant differences between procrastination and self-esteem according to academic level or academic specialization variables.

Pengaruh Parenting Stress terhadap Harga Diri Orangtua di JABODETABEK

Situations that parents handle affect how they parent their children and this will affect howtheir children develop later on. The aim of this research is to analyze how parenting stressaffects other factors in parent’s psychological condition, especially in their self-esteem. Thisresearch was held to parents with middle school children who live in JABODETABEK with241 participants. The scale that was used to measure parenting stress is the one that Berry andJones (1995) developed and to measure self-esteem is The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventorythat was developed by Ryden (1978). This research used a quantitative descriptive method todescribe parenting stress and self-esteem of participants and used simple regression analysisto measure how parenting stress affects self-esteem of middle school children’s parents. Fromthe statistical analysis it was found that parenting stress contributed negatively (t (241) = -7.330, p <0.005) to self-esteem of parents with middle school age children in JABODETABEK.The higher the parenting stress the lower self-esteem becomes. Parenting stress contributed 18percent to self-esteem that means the remaining 82 percent of a parent's self-esteem wasdetermined by other factors.

Can urban gardens improve food security, health, well-being and financial sustainability of households?

Introduction An increased consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables is associated with health benefits [1,2]. Including them in the daily diet can reduce the risk of noncommunicable diseases [2]. Urban gardens (UG) can improve communities around them by allowing a supply of such products [3,4], by contributing to conscious decisions about eating [4] and lessening the health costs of its populations [2–4], by improving their participants self-esteem, and by helping in the development of competencies [4]. This preliminary study aimed to understand the parameters that could be evaluated on a greater scale future study, to assess the role of urban gardens in their participants health, nutrition knowledge and family budget. Materials and methods An UG in Setúbal, Portugal, was selected for this study. All data was collected in October, 2018 and included: demographic data from the gardeners (n = 133), a “Food and Nutrition Knowledge” validated questionnaire [5] with 20 true and false questions (n = 6), and semi-structured interviews (n = 6). All interviewed gardeners understood the purpose and signed the informed consent. Results The UG had 138 plots with 133 in use. Most of the gardeners were men (59.9%) and under 65 years of age (74.4%). 30,5% had an income under (n = 133) 11,999€per year. Discussion and conclusions Our results meet those of recent studies that enhance the importance of UG in feeding populations, especially those with diminished food security and low access to fresh quality products [6–8]. Increased level of activity, higher fruit and vegetable consumption, along with savings in the family budget were referred by gardeners supporting the need for a more in-depth study. The UG is eligible for an observational study using the methods already stated. In addition, collection of anthropometric data and nutritional and cognitive screening tests would allow for a better view of the gardeners health.

Self-esteem of young participants of high seas cruises and various implementations of the School Under Sails

The paper presents the results of research on the level of self-esteem of participants of high seas cruises that implement the idea of sail training and are a non-standard form of informal education. The study involved 124 people, including 65 girls and 59 boys aged 13 to 18 years old, who can be considered as youth with special educational needs. They were participants of the Krzysztof Baranowski School Under Sails in 2015 and 2016, the cruise of the 42nd General Secondary School in Warsaw in 2016 and the Catholic School Under Sails in 2017. The results show a statistically significant increase in the level of self-esteem measured with the SES scale. The level of self-esteem of participants after the cruise is significantly higher than that of their peers from standardisation groups. It can be assumed that various types of Schools Under Sails are an attractive way to educate young people.

Living With Diabetes: Perceived Barriers of Adolescents.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease during infancy and adolescence. Diabetes causes serious coping problems during adolescence because of the need for continuous observation and because of diabetes-related complications. Thus, adolescents must adapt to and effectively manage their diabetes. This study was designed to determine the perceived barriers to home care in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes using the Health Promotion Model. Eighteen adolescents were selected from the qualified patients who applied to a diabetes polyclinic at a training and research hospital in western Turkey. Interview questions were created based on the Health Promotion Model. A phenomenological analysis of the data was conducted using the content analysis method. The barriers that participants identified as negatively impacting their ability to manage their disease effectively were categorized into the three themes of "negative feelings about having diabetes," "personal barriers," and "environmental barriers." The barriers identified included school, friends, family, fear of complications, lack of information, and personal characteristics, among others. This qualitative study enables us to understand what patients feel because the participants explained their difficulties in managing their disease and in maintaining metabolic control. The findings provide an understanding of the subjective experiences of adolescent patients with diabetes. The findings of this study are intended to be helpful in restructuring training in clinics, raising diabetes awareness among teachers and students, socializing diabetic adolescents, and providing family-centered education.

The Influence of Voice Behavior, Self-esteem and Sexual Knowledge on Sexual Assertiveness of Nursing College Students

Purpose: The study was done to investigate the influence of voice behavior, self-esteem and sexual knowledge on sexual assertiveness of nursing college students. Methods: A structured self-report questionnaire was used to measure voice behavior, self-esteem, sexual knowledge and sexual assertiveness. During March, 2019, data were collected from 133 nursing students in D city and G city. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple linear regression with the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: Voice behavior and self-esteem were positively correlated with the sexual assertiveness of participants, while voice behavior was positively correlated with the self-esteem of participants. Also, self-esteem was a significant predictor of sexual assertiveness in nursing college students. The predictor explained 12% of their sexual assertiveness. Conclusion: The finding indicates that self-esteem is an important factor for sexual assertiveness of nursing students. It is also expected that self-esteem can further promote their sexual assertiveness.

Association Between the Use of Social Media and Photograph Editing Applications, Self-esteem, and Cosmetic Surgery Acceptance.

Social media platforms and photograph (photo) editing applications are increasingly popular sources of inspiration for individuals interested in cosmetic surgery. However, the specific associations between social media and photo editing application use and perceptions of cosmetic surgery remain unknown. To assess whether self-esteem and the use of social media and photo editing applications are associated with cosmetic surgery attitudes. A population-based survey study was conducted from July 1 to September 19, 2018. The web-based survey was administered through online platforms to 252 participants. Each participant's self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (scores range from 0-30; higher scores indicate higher self-esteem) and the Contingencies of Self-worth Scale (scores range from 1-7; higher scores indicate higher self-worth). Cosmetic surgery attitude was measured using the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (scores range from 1-7; higher scores indicate higher acceptance of cosmetic surgery). Unpaired, 2-tailed t tests were used to assess the significance of self-esteem and cosmetic surgery attitude score differences among users of various social media and photo editing applications. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the association between social media investment and cosmetic surgery attitudes. Of the 252 participants, 184 (73.0%) were women, 134 (53.2%) reported themselves to be white, and the mean age was 24.7 (range, 18-55) years. Scores on the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale from users and nonusers across applications were compared, with lower self-esteem scores noted in participants who reported using YouTube (difference in scores, -1.56; 95% CI, -3.01 to -0.10), WhatsApp (difference in scores, -1.47; 95% CI, -2.78 to -0.17), VSCO (difference in scores, -3.20; 95% CI, -4.98 to -1.42), and Photoshop (difference in scores, -2.92; 95% CI, -5.65 to -0.19). Comparison of self-esteem scores for participants who reported using other social media and photo editing applications yielded no significant differences. Social media investment had a positive association with consideration of cosmetic surgery (R, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.04-0.66). A higher overall score on the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale was noted in users of Tinder (difference in means, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.34-1.23), Snapchat (difference in means, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.71), and/or Snapchat photo filters (difference in means, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.16-0.72). Increased consideration of cosmetic surgery but not overall acceptance of surgery was noted in users of VSCO (difference in means, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.32-1.35) and Instagram photo filters (difference in means, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.01-0.76) compared with nonusers. This study's findings suggest that the use of certain social media and photo editing applications may be associated with increased acceptance of cosmetic surgery. These findings can help guide future patient-physician discussions regarding cosmetic surgery perceptions, which vary by social media or photo editing application use. NA.

Intervention Social Support on Patients of CA. Cervix at Vina Estetika Hospital Medan

This research aims to identify the effect of Social Support (SS) intervention on the increase in the level of self-esteem and a decrease in the level of depression among cancer patients in Medan, Indonesia. The research that carried out is quantitative study. The quantitative study is applied to know the self-esteem scoring by Self- Esteem Rosenberg scale (RSE) and to know the depression score using Beck Depression Inventory scale (BDI). A quantitative analysis uses to know the interaction between intervention toward self-esteem and depression in groups. The groups consist of two groups: 10 people in SS group and eight people in Control group. T-test dependent results showed that the Self Esteem Rosenberg scale (RSE), on average, post-test score show greater self-esteem than pre-test score. Negative t value indicates that the average self-esteem of participants is lower than their self-esteem after obtaining social support interventions. This study shows that social support interventions significantly influence cancer patients to improve self-esteem and lower levels of depression. Although both have a significant influence to cancer patients, it turns out in this study social support interventions are much more effective in reducing levels of depression than by raising the self-esteem of participants.

Comparison of self-esteem in physically disabled people according to participating sports<p>Spor yapma durumlarına göre bedensel engelli bireylerin benlik saygısının karşılaştırılması

The aim of the study was to compare of self-esteem in physically disabled adults between who particapated in sports or do not.In totally one-hundred and six physically disabled adults aged between 18 to 45 years who particapated in sports (n=62) and sedantary (n=54) participated in the study. Self-esteem of the participants were assessed using Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The scale is consist a 10-item measure of global self-esteem. Maximal score of the scale is 30. Average age of participants who particapated in sports and do not sports were 27,00±8,19 and 31,76±8,06 years, respectively. 49 (42.2%) of the participants were female and 67 (57.8%) were male. 37(31.9%) of the participants were wheelchair users, 27(23.3%) were mobile with a walking aid and 52(48.8%) were mobile without a walking aid. The length of participating sports were 5,51±5,04 years in adults who participated in sports. 58 of the respondents (50.0%) disabled before birth, 19 (16.4%), disabled during birth, and 39 (33.6%) were disabled after birth. 36 (31.0%) of the participants were employed and 80 (69.0%) were not employed.Self-esteem level of physically disabled adults who particapated in sports were higher compared with physically disabled adults who sedantary physically disabled adults (p<0.05). The self-esteem of male participants was higher than that of women (p <0.05). However, there was no difference in self-esteem in terms of working status, disability reasons and mobility status (p> 0.05). Our results suggest that participation in sports activity improved self-esteem in physically disabled adults and the self-esteem of male participants was higher than that of women. Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetÇalışmamızın amacı spor yapan ve yapmayan bedensel engelli bireylerin benlik saygısı düzeyini karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmamıza 62 spor yapan, 54 sedanter olmak üzere toplam 116 fiziksel engeli olan birey katıldı. Katılımcıların benlik saygısı Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Ölçek genel benlik saygısını ölçen 10 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Ölçekten alınabilecek en yüksek puan 30’dur.Spor yapan ve yapmayan bedensel engelli bireylerin yaş ortalaması sırasıyla 27,00 ±8,19 ve 31,76±8,06 yıldır. Katılımcıların 49’u (%42,2) kadın, 67’si (%57,8) erkektir. Katılımcıların 37’si (%31.9) tekerlekli sandalye kullanıcısı, 27’si (%23.3) yürüme yardımcısı kullanmakta (mobilize) ve 52’si (%44.8) yürüme yardımcısı kullanmamaktadır. Spor yapan bedensel engellilerin spor yapma süreleri 5,51 ±5,04 yıldır.Katılımcıların 58’i(%50,0) doğum öncesi, 19’u (%16,4) doğum sırası ve 39’u (%33,6) doğum sonrası nedenlerle engellidir. Katılımcıların 36’sı (%31,0) işte çalışmakta, 80’i (%69,0) çalışmamaktadır.Spor yapan bedensel engellilerin benlik saygısı düzeyi sedanter katılımcılarla karşılaştırıldığında daha yüksektir (p<0.05). Erkek katılımcıların benlik saygısı kadınlara gore daha yüksektir (p<0.05). Ancak çalışma durumu, engel nedeni, mobilizasyon durumu açısından benlik saygısında farklılık yoktur (p>0.05).Çalışmamızın sonuçları spor aktivitesine katılımın bedensel engelli erişkinlerde benlik saygısını geliştirdiğini ve erkeklerin benlik saygısının kadınlara göre daha yüksek olduğunu düşündürmüştür.

The Sound of Success: Investigating Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Motivational Music in Sports.

Listening to music before, during, or after sports is a common phenomenon, yet its functions and effects on performance, cognition, and behavior remain to be investigated. In this study we present a novel approach to the role of music in sports and exercise that focuses on the notion of musical self-enhancement (Elvers, 2016). We derived the following hypotheses from this framework: listening to motivational music will (i) enhance self-evaluative cognition, (ii) improve performance in a ball game, and (iii) evoke greater risk-taking behavior. To evaluate the hypotheses, we conducted a between-groups experiment (N = 150) testing the effectiveness of both an experimenter playlist and a participant-selected playlist in comparison to a no-music control condition. All participants performed a ball-throwing task developed by Decharms and Davé (1965), consisting of two parts: First, participants threw the ball from fixed distances into a funnel basket. During this task, performance was measured. In the second part, the participants themselves chose distances from the basket, which allowed their risk-taking behavior to be assessed. The results indicate that listening to motivational music led to greater risk taking but did not improve ball-throwing performance. This effect was more pronounced in male participants and among those who listened to their own playlists. Furthermore, self-selected music enhanced state self-esteem in participants who were performing well but not in those who were performing poorly. We also discuss further implications for the notion of musical self-enhancement.

Evaluation of disordered eating tendencies in young adults.

It was aimed to determine the prevalence of high disordered eating tendencies and its relationship with food addiction, emotional eating and self esteem in participants at 18 and 33years age group. This study was planned as a cross-sectional study and conducted with 1359 young adult volunteers (M=386, F=973) with an average age of 22.4±2.84years. Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used. EAT-26 score above 20 was considered as eating disorders risk cutoff. Participants with disordered eating tendencies have higher rates (22.4%) of food addiction compared to participants without high disordered eating tendencies (7.2%). There is no difference for EMAQ and YFAS scores; however, there is a significant difference for RSES and EAT-26 scores according to gender. A positive association of EAT-26 with YFAS and EMAQ-negative scores and a negative association of EAT-26 with RSES and EMAQ-positive were found. There is association among EAT-26, YFAS, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Emotional Appetite Questionnaire scores. This study provides information for future studies about high disordered eating tendencies, food addiction and mood that are thought to be important in young adults. Level V (cross-sectional descriptive study).

Sex workers as peer health advocates: community empowerment and transformative learning through a Canadian pilot program

BackgroundSocial marginalization and criminalization create health and safety risks for sex workers and reduce their access to health promotion and prevention services compared to the general population. Community empowerment-based interventions that prioritize the engagement of sex workers show promising results. Peer-to-peer interventions, wherein sex workers act as educators of their colleagues, managers, clients and romantic partners, foster community mobilization and critical consciousness among sex workers and equip them to exercise agency in their work and personal lives.MethodsA pilot peer health education program was developed and implemented, with and for sex workers in one urban centre in Canada. To explore how the training program contributed to community empowerment and transformative learning among participants, the authors conducted qualitative interviews, asked participants to keep personal journals and to fill out feedback forms after each session. Thematic analysis was conducted on these three data sources, with emerging themes identified, organized and presented in the findings.ResultsFive themes emerged from the analysis. Our findings show that the pilot program led to reduced internalized stigma and increased self-esteem in participants. Participants’ critical consciousness increased concerning issues of diversity in cultural background, sexual orientation, work experiences and gender identity. Participants gained knowledge about how sex work stigma is enacted and perpetuated. They also became increasingly comfortable challenging negative judgments from others, including frontline service providers. Participants were encouraged to actively shape the training program, which fostered positive relationships and solidarity among them, as well as with colleagues in their social network and with the local sex worker organization housing the program. Resources were also mobilized within the sex worker community through skills building and knowledge acquisition.ConclusionThe peer education program proved successful in enhancing sex workers’ community empowerment in one urban setting by increasing their knowledge about health issues, sharing information about and building confidence in accessing services, and expanding capacity to disseminate this knowledge to others. This ‘proof of concept’ built the foundation for a long-term initiative in this setting and has promise for other jurisdictions wishing to adapt similar programs.

Model High School Athletic Handbook II: Severna Park High School Athletic Handbook

Welcome!This handbook is designed to provide you with information concerning all opportunities offered by the Severna Park High School Athletic Program. While academics are the top priority, athletic participation is an integral part of a high school student's education. The main objective of our athletic program is to encourage participation, teamwork, and enjoyment of the sport. The values learned through commitment to a team effort are numerous and beneficial to all individuals as athletes and as students.This athletic handbook describes and illustrates the rules and regulations of the Severna Park High School Athletic Program and the Anne Arundel County Public School (AACPS) system. It addresses concerns that we have with regard to participation in team sports, as well as athletes' welfare and conduct as representatives of their teams and the school. This entire handbook must be read by both parents/guardian and athletes.Athletic Mission StatementOur mission is to provide a rigorous athletic program that complements and supports a challenging academic program by teaching students to persevere, to work well with others, and to test them.BeliefsAt Severna Park High School, we believe:* Students are our highest priority.* The dignity, worth, and self-esteem of participants should be paramount in all athletic activities.* The most important result of competition is the development of lifelong values and skills.* The athletic program is an integral part of the high school experience.* High school athletics should be fun and rewarding.* Athletic programs are most beneficial when they are competitive.* Winning is an attitude resulting from optimum preparation, concentrated effort, and a deep commitment to excel.* Well-designed athletic programs promote community and school pride.* Open communication and mutual respect among coaches, parents, and athletes provide the foundation of a successful athletic program.* Morale, satisfaction, and performance are enhanced when athletes work together as a team.* Well-qualified coaches and program administrators are important components in a successful athletic program.* Positive parent support and involvement enhance student growth and program quality.Athletic ProgramsFull season interscholastic participation may occur in the following sports:Fall Opportunities:* Field Hockey (varsity team, junior varsity team)* Football (varsity team, junior varsity team)* Golf (varsity team)* Boys' Soccer (varsity team, junior varsity team)* Girls' Soccer (varsity team, junior varsity team)* Cheerleading (varsity team, junior varsity team)* Volleyball (varsity team, junior varsity team)* Boys' & Girls' Cross-Country (varsity team)* Unified TennisWinter Opportunities:* Boys' Basketball (varsity team, junior varsity team)* Girls' Basketball (varsity team, junior varsity team)* Wrestling (varsity team, junior varsity team)* Cheerleading (varsity team, junior varsity team)* Boys' & Girls' swimming (varsity team)* Unified BowlingSpring Opportunities:* Baseball (varsity team, junior varsity team)* Softball (varsity team, junior varsity team)* Boys' & Girls' Tennis (varsity team)* Track & Field (varsity team)* Boys' & Girls' Lacrosse (varsity team, junior varsity team)* Unified BocceSquad Membership* Any student who is officially registered and attending that school may try out for a team, providing the student resides within the school attendance area or is attending with special permission of the Office of Pupil Services for AACPS. Such a tryout must be consistent with state and county policies governing athletic participation.* Student athletes are subject to all rules at the start date of the specific sport season from the first day of tryouts. …

Effect of Experiential Learning on Self-Esteem, Resilience and Tolerance for Disagreement

This paper attempts to explore the role of experiential learning in groups on the participants Self-esteem, Resilience and Tolerance for disagreement. Sample consisted of undergraduate students (N=41) from a seminary located in Nagpur. The Pre-test result showed that over all, initial participant’s responses fell within the normal ranges for self-esteem, resilience and tolerance for disagreement. Paired t test were computed for (N=41) who completed both the pre-test and post-test. These comparisons show a significant increase in means of self esteem, resilience and tolerance for disagreement scores. This increase indicates the importance of team-building workshop having recreation activities, games and exercises.