Self-efficacy Of Nurses Research Articles

Effects of a low level laser on the acceleration of wound healing in rabbits

Background:Tissue healing is a complex process that involves local and systemic responses. The use of low level laser therapy for wound healing has been shown to be effective in modulating both local and systemic response.Aim:The aim of this study was to accelerate and facilitate wound healing and reduce scar formation and wound contraction of an open wound by a low level laser.Materials & Methods:Twenty adult male rabbits, lepus cuniculus demostica, were brought from a Basrah local market and raised under proper management conditions in Basrah Veterinary Medicine College. The age of these rabbits ranged between 8-10 months and their body weight was 1.5-2 Kg. The rabbits were divided into two groups, group I (Control) and group II (Treated). General anesthesia was provided by a mixture of Xylazine and Ketamine at a ratio of 1:0.5m intramuscularly. Selected sites were shaved, cleaned and disinfected. A wound of 4-cm length and 3-cm depth was made on the gluteal region; six hours later, the wound was treated with gallium aluminum and an arsenide diode laser with a power output of 10m at a wavelength of 890nm in pulsed nods, with a frequency of 20 KLTZ. The wound exposure to the laser was once a day at 890 nm wavelength for 5 minutes over a 7-day period. Histopathological study was obtained regarding the wound depth and edge of the skin on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days.Results:The histopathological finding of group I at three days postoperative showed hemorrhage with inflammatory cell infiltration, mainly neutrophils as well as congested blood vessels in the gap. At seven days, the gap contained necrotized neutrophils together with hemolysis and granulation tissue under the dermis tissue. Hemolysis was seen between the muscle fibers. At 14 days, there was irregular fibrous connective tissue proliferation with congested blood vessels seen in the gap with mononuclear cell infiltration. In group II at three days postoperative, severe inflammatory cell infiltration was observed, mainly neutrophils with proliferation of fibroblasts from a few fibrous connective tissues. On the 7th day, the main lesion was characterized by severe granulation tissue that consisted of proliferation of fibrous connective tissue and congested blood vessels in the gap of the incision with mononuclear cell infiltration.Conclusions:The study found that low level laser therapy (II) was effective in open wounds, which showed better regeneration and faster restoration of structural and functional integrity as compared to the control group.

Scales for assessing self-efficacy of nurses and assistants for preventing falls

This paper is a report of the development and testing of the Self-Efficacy for Preventing Falls Nurse and Assistant scales. Patient falls and fall-related injuries are traumatic ordeals for patients, family members and providers, and carry a toll for hospitals. Self-efficacy is an important factor in determining actions persons take and levels of performance they achieve. Performance of individual caregivers is linked to the overall performance of hospitals. Scales to assess nurses and certified nursing assistants' self-efficacy to prevent patients from falling would allow for targeting resources to increase SE, resulting in improved individual performance and ultimately decreased numbers of patient falls. Four phases of instrument development were carried out to (1) generate individual items from eight focus groups (four each nurse and assistant conducted in October 2007), (2) develop prototype scales, (3) determine content validity during a second series of four nurse and assistant focus groups (January 2008) and (4) conduct item analysis, paired t-tests, Student's t-tests and internal consistency reliability to refine and confirm the scales. Data were collected during February-December, 2008. The 11-item Self-Efficacy for Preventing Falls Nurse had an alpha of 0·89 with all items in the range criterion of 0·3-0·7 for item total correlation. The 8-item Self-Efficacy for Preventing Falls Assistant had an alpha of 0·74 and all items had item total correlations in the 0·3-0·7 range. The Self-Efficacy for Preventing Falls Nurse and Self-Efficacy for Preventing Falls Assistant scales demonstrated psychometric adequacy and are recommended to measure bedside staff's self-efficacy beliefs in preventing patient falls.

462 Covariates of Nurses' Management of Pain in Children

Introduction: Effective implementation of an evidence based pain policy for children is affected by nurses' knowledge of, attitudes towards and selfefficacy. Since nurses from different departments and with different levels of education manage pain in children, we evaluated the impact of the nursing ward and educational level on the management of paediatric pain. Methods: Nurses working in paediatric wards or emergency departments of 16 regional or academic hospitals in Flanders, Belgium were invited to participate. A validated multiple choice questionnaire (Pediatric Nurses' Knowlegde and Attitudes regarding Pain Survey, PNKAS) [1] was used to assess knowledge and attitudes while selfefficacy for paediatric pain was assessed based on the Nurses Self Efficacy in Managing Children's Pain questionnaire [2]. Results: Questionnaires from 550 nurses were collected. Deficits in knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy of nurses were documented. Nurses' knowledge deficits are mainly situated within the area of drug prescription. Compared to nurses from emergency department, nurses from pediatric wards have significantly higher scores on self-efficacy, but not on knowledge and attitudes. As for knowledge and attitudes, nurses with an educational level higher than bachelor score better than nurses with a lower level of education. However, this is not the case as far as self-efficacy is concerned. Conclusions: Nursing ward and educational level influence nurses' management of paediatric pain. This should be taken in consideration during teaching and subsequent implementation of an evidence based paediatic pain policy.[1] Mannworren et al, Pediatr Nurs 2000[2] Chiang et al, J Pain Sympt Manag 2006.

The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Self-efficacy and Job Stress of Nurses - Mediating Role of Self-efficacy -

Purpose: This study was to investigate the relationship among emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job stress of nurses. Method: Data was collected from convenient sample of 265 nurses who work for a university hospital in a city. The Questionnaire measured the level of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job stress of nurses. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, scheffe' test, pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression. Result: The mean score of emotional intelligence was 3.41(), self-efficacy was 3.27() and job stress was 3.35(). There were significant differences on self-efficacy according to age, marital status and education level. And there were significant differences on job stress according to age, working unit. It was a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy. The emotional intelligence and self-efficacy were significantly negative correlation with job stress. The emotional intelligence explained 24.8% of self-efficacy and 1.9% of job stress and self-efficacy explained 2.7% of job stress. And the self-efficacy was showed a mediate variable between emotional intelligence and job stress. Conclusion: To decrease job stress, nursing managers ought to develop the emotional intelligence and self-efficacy of nurses, reinforce as a mediating role between emotional intelligence and job stress

Self-efficacy and postpartum depression teaching behaviors of hospital-based perinatal nurses.

Based upon the Self-Efficacy Theory, this study examined the relationship between self-efficacy, self-efficacy-related variables, and postpartum depression teaching behaviors of hospital-based perinatal nurses. Findings revealed that teaching new mothers about postpartum depression is related to a perinatal nurse's self-efficacy in postpartum-depression teaching, self-esteem, and the following self-efficacy-related variables: social persuasion (supervisor's expectations for teaching); mastery (postpartum depression continuing education and teaching experience); and vicarious experience (observing other nurses teach new mothers about postpartum depression). Teaching new mothers about postpartum depression can assist mothers in overcoming barriers to depression treatment. Nurse educators and managers play an important role in encouraging postpartum depression education for perinatal nurses.

Investigation of the Influencing effect of work empowerment on clinical nurses' self-efficacy and job-control

Objective To confirm the relative relationship among nurses' work empowerment, self-efficacy and job-control, and analyze the effect of work empowerment and self-efficacy on job-control. Methods The 585 questionnaire was handed out to the objects in group-survey. Survey tool included Conditions Work Effectiveness Questionnaires, General Self-efficacy Scale and Job-control Questionnaires. Results Multivariate regression revealed the effect of the total work empowerment on job-control was significant and moderate (β =0.491). When self-efficacy was as modulatory factor, through the path of self-efficacy, the influencing effect of work empowerment on job-control was not significant (β = 0. 040, P >0. 05). Conclusions The influencing effect of work empowerment on self-efficacy and job control was positive , and the effect on job-control was stronger. Key words: Nurses; Work empowerment; Self-efficacy; Sense of job-control; Influencing degree

Research Education for Clinical Nurses: A Pilot Study to Determine Research Self-Efficacy in Critical Care Nurses

Translating research into practice is essential to providing care that promotes both cost-efficient and effective health care delivery. Nurses practicing in the intensive care unit are in need of education that can build research self-efficacy and promote understanding and the ability to apply research findings. This pilot study evaluated the Critical Reading of Research Publications Plus course with intensive care unit nurses to determine whether this experience would affect their research self-efficacy. The Nursing Research Self-Efficacy Scale was administered before and after the course. Paired t tests showed a significant increase on three of the four subscales in research self-efficacy. This study shows that using a course along with mentors may increase the research self-efficacy of practicing nurses.

Coach training can improve the self-efficacy of neonatal nurses. A pilot study

Objective In this pilot study we have investigated the impact of coach training offered to neonatal nurses on their assessment of their ability to meet the needs of the mothers and fathers. Methods The effect of a 3-day coaching training offered to neonatal nurses was investigated in an intervention study evaluating the nurses’ self-efficacy before and after the course. Results A total of 39/44 (89%) and 31/40 (78%) neonatal nurses answered the questionnaire before and after the course. The self-efficacy scores increased up to 14.8% and for all but 1 question, the increase was statistically significant. Conclusion Coaching can improve nurses’ self-efficacy in relation to meet the needs of the mothers and fathers. Practice implications Coaching could be a method that can maximize the personal and professional potential of the staff, and prepare them for the mindful being-in-relation approach that increasingly is being requested. This should be confirmed in a bigger study.

Using the Rasch model in nursing research: An introduction and illustrative example

Objective The purpose was to introduce the Rasch model by showing an application in nursing research. Methods The Rasch model was used to examine the psychometric properties of the nursing self-efficacy (NSE) scale. Data were collected among nursing students in Sweden. Two sets of items were analysed more thoroughly: an original set of nine items with eleven response categories and a revised set of seven items with seven response categories. Invariance of the item functioning and the categorisation of the items were analysed. Targeting was examined by comparisons of the items and persons locations. Differential Item Functioning across sample groups such as gender was examined using analysis of variance. The final set of seven items was also analysed more closely with respect to possible multidimensionality and response dependence. Results The Rasch analysis of the original set of nine items showed high reliability measured by a person separation index, but it also indicated severe problems with the targeting, the categorisation of the items as well as lack of invariance. Although the revised set comprising seven items with seven categories performed better than the original item set some items showed misfit according to formal test statistics. Graphical examination showed, however, that the items operated in the right direction. The formal test of local independence of the items indicated minor signs of multidimensionality, alternatively response dependence. Conclusions The Rasch model is useful for rigorous examination and development of measurement instruments in nursing research. The Rasch model facilitates disclosure of lack of invariance and other measurement problems that may not be easily detected by traditional analyses. Hence, the NSE-scale would probably have performed much better if the developmental work had been guided by Rasch analyses. In future work on the scale, priority should be given to improving the targeting and the categorisation of the items.

Effect of Self-awareness Education on the Self-efficacy and Sociotropy–Autonomy Characteristics of Nurses in a Psychiatry Clinic

This study was planned to investigate the effect of a self-awareness education program on the self-efficacy and sociotropy-autonomy characteristics of nurses in a psychiatry clinic. The sample was composed of 22 nurses who worked in a psychiatry clinic. Three forms were used for research data collection: descriptive characteristics form, self-efficacy scale (SES), and sociotropy-autonomy scale (SAS). A statistically significant difference was found in the psychiatric unit nurses' mean SES and SAS scores before and after receiving the education for increasing their self-awareness. On the basis of these findings, it is recommended that an education program for increasing self-awareness be implemented because it affects increasing the personal characteristics of self-efficacy and sociotropy-autonomy.

A Transcultural Spiritually Based Program to Enhance Caregiving Self-Efficacy: A Pilot Study

This study examined how training in a nonsectarian toolkit of spiritually based self-management techniques affected the caregiving self-efficacy (confidence) of health professionals, including physicians, nurses, psychologists, and chaplains. Before and after an 8-week, 2-hour per week training in the meditation-based Eight Point Program of Easwaran (1978/1991b), participants ( n = 14) completed a newly developed 32-item caregiving self-efficacy questionnaire. Data were also gathered regarding sociodemographic characteristics, spiritual and religious self-perceptions and practices, and program adherence. Results indicated that mean pre/post self-efficacy increases were large (Cohen's d > 0.80), statistically significant ( p < 0.01), and associated with greater use of specific pro-gram practices. Three participants reported increases in self-perceived spirituality. Self-efficacy increases were largest for participants identifying themselves as least spiritual at pretest ( p < 0.05), or reporting increases in spirituality ( p < 0.05). Although preliminary, these findings support using this already widely crossculturally disseminated toolkit for a variety of purposes in clinical practice, health promotion, and health professional education.

Self efficacy of nurses caring for patients with heart failure

Self Efficacy of Nurses Caring for Patients with Heart Failure Linda S. Baas, Ginger Conway, Denna Dietrich, Jodie Rozin, Barbara Bell, Rosann Giesting, Liz Hauntz, Russel O. Hoffman, Karen Hess3—College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Heart Failure and Transplant Center, University Hospital, Cincinnati, OH

Description and Use of the Neuroscience Nursing Self-Efficacy Scale

An instrument for assessing nurses' perceived self-efficacy in implementing a variety of neuroscience nursing tasks was developed. Self-efficacy theory served as the guiding framework. From 1988 to 1998, the instrument was used to assess changes in the perceived self-efficacy of 54 nurses who attended a neuroscience nurse-internship program. Self-efficacy was assessed during clinical orientation, prior to the beginning of the program, and at the end of the program. The results showed that the nurses' confidence in performing a variety of neuroscience nursing skills increased during the 6- to 10-month program. The instrument was also useful in helping program directors identify areas in which nurses could benefit most from the program and refine the program to meet the educational needs of the nurses.

Influences on the cultural self-efficacy of community health nurses.

This paper presents the results of factor and regression analyses conducted on the Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale to determine the underlying conceptual structure, and relationship to demographic variables. The Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale was first used with a sample of 190 community health nurses in Connecticut. It has an estimated total scale internal consistency of .97. In 1988, data were collected to examine cross-cultural self-efficacy of nurses working in a variety of settings, including health departments. The principal factor analysis revealed a four factor structure that is conceptually meaningful. Taken together, the four factors accounted for 90% of the total scale variance. Regression analyses showed significant relationships between perceptions of efficacy and demographic variables of race, education, and experience.