Levels Of Self-efficacy Research Articles

Revisiting Therapeutic Communication as an Evidence-Based Intervention to Decrease Violence by Patients Against Staff on Psychiatric Wards—A Quality Improvement Project

Background Violence against healthcare workers continues to be a widespread problem and adversely impacts both healthcare providers and consumers. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of a staff education and training program in therapeutic communications in decreasing violence by patients against staff in an acute inpatient behavioral hospital. Further, the project measured the effect of the training on the self-efficacy and knowledge level of the 15 recruited staff in the use of therapeutic communications, and its overall impact on the participants’ reaction, learning, behavior and observed results at the hospital. Methods This study used a pretest and posttest design. Results There was a decrease (73%) in violence incidents which correlated with the staff training and education sessions compared with violence occurrence incidents during the 12 weeks preceding the implementation. There was also a significant increase in the staff’s self-efficacy, {t(−11.4), df = 114, p < 0.001}, and knowledge level {t(−10.40), df = 14, p < 0.001)} in the use of therapeutic communications, and an overall positive impact on staff’s reaction, learning, behavior and observed effects as a result of the training program. Conclusion Staff training in effective therapeutic communications had a multidimensional effect, the most important was its effect on decreasing violence. These findings underscore the need to revisit and emphasize therapeutic communications in promoting a safety culture in behavioral health settings.

Ethical self-efficacy among healthcare professionals caring for people with dementia: a brief pre- and post-report on the CARE intervention

BackgroundInterventions targeting healthcare professionals’ confidence in managing ethical issues in dementia care are limited despite documented positive effects of educational programs on staff knowledge and self-efficacy. However, inconsistencies in the literature regarding the impact of educational programs underscore the need for targeted interventions. The CARE intervention, specifically designed to enhance confidence in ethical decision-making, aims to address this gap. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the CARE intervention in enhancing the ethical self-efficacy of healthcare professionals caring for people with dementia, particularly those with initially low levels of self-efficacy.MethodsUsing a non-experimental pre-post evaluation design, the CARE intervention was administered to healthcare professionals (n = 86), measuring ethical self-efficacy pre-and post-intervention. We hypothesized significant differences in ethical self-efficacy mean scores pre- and post-intervention for all participants, particularly those with low pre-measurement scores, whom we expected to benefit most from the intervention. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests and Wilcoxon tests for the low pre-measurement subgroup analysis.ResultsWhile no significant change was observed in the entire sample, participants with low initial self-efficacy showed a statistically significant improvement post-intervention.ConclusionsThe CARE intervention holds promise in improving ethical self-efficacy among healthcare professionals with initial low confidence levels. Targeted interventions are essential in addressing confidence gaps in managing ethical challenges in dementia care, with implications for professional well-being and quality of care. Further research should explore long-term effects and expand sample size to enhance generalizability and sustainability of findings.

Perceived Self-Efficacy among Special Education Students Enrolled in a Practical Training Program During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordan

The current study aimed to investigate the level of perceived self-efficacy among special education students enrolled in the practical training program during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan. The study sample consisted of (150) male and female students from various public and private Jordanian universities, who were purposefully chosen, and enrolled in practical training during the semesters that continued under the pandemic. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive approach and the perceived self-efficacy scale prepared by the researcher were used. The results of the study showed that the level of perceived self-efficacy among students of practical training in the specialization of special education came at a high level; the results also indicated that the level of perceived self-efficacy concerning the employment of modern technology ranked first and at a high degree, while the self-efficacy related to teaching skills and behavior modification, as well as management, communication, and social responsibility came to a medium degree. The results also showed that there are statistically significant differences between the arithmetic averages of the level of perceived self-efficacy among students of field training in the specialization of special education who are registered in Jordanian universities according to the type of university (public/private) on the total degree and all dimensions except for the dimension (management, communication, and social responsibility) and in favor of private universities. The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences between the arithmetic averages of the level of self-efficacy among students of special education according to the type of training and its duration on the total degree and dimensions and in favor of the two training categories (full and continuous semester" and "full and intermittent semester"). In contrast, the results did not show any statistically significant differences between the arithmetic averages of the level of perceived self-efficacy among special education students enrolled in the practical training program during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan, according to the student's gender.

Father support breastfeeding self-efficacy positively affects exclusive breastfeeding at 6 weeks postpartum and its influencing factors in Southeast China: a multi-centre, cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe exclusive breastfeeding condition in China is not optimism now. Maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy stands as a pivotal factor influencing exclusive breastfeeding. Interestingly, studies have suggested that father support breastfeeding self-efficacy is a pivotal mediator in infant breastfeeding. Thus, the current research aimed to investigate the association between father support breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks postpartum, and the influencing factors of father support breastfeeding self-efficacy.MethodsThis research was structured as a multi-centre cross-sectional study, involving 328 fathers, whose partners were six weeks postpartum, and recruited from two public hospitals in Southeast China. Self-designed demographic questionnaires, namely, Father Support Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form, Breastfeeding Knowledge Questionnaire, Positive Affect Scale and the 14-item Fatigue Scale, were applied. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, logistic regression univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyse data.ResultsResults indicate a significant difference between the infant feeding methods at six weeks postpartum and fathers with different levels of support breastfeeding self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Particularly, father support breastfeeding self-efficacy positively affected exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks postpartum after adjusting all the demographic characteristics of fathers (OR: 2.407; 95% CI: 1.017–4.121). Moreover, results show that the significant influencing factors of father support breastfeeding self-efficacy include breastfeeding knowledge, fatigue, positive affect, successfully experienced helping mothers to breastfeed, spousal relationships and companionship time.ConclusionsHigh-level father support breastfeeding self-efficacy effectively increased exclusive breastfeeding rate at six weeks postpartum. To enhance the exclusive breastfeeding rate, nurses or midwives can endeavour to design educational programmes or take supportive interventions customised for fathers, such as enhancing their breastfeeding knowledge education, reducing fatigue and mobilising positive emotions, thereby bolstering paternal self-efficacy in breastfeeding.

Assessing Barriers and Facilitators to Return to Work for Kidney Cancer Survivors: A 6-Month Longitudinal Study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the factors that impact the readiness and success of kidney cancer survivors returning to work, providing insights for healthcare professionals, employers, and policymakers. MethodsA prospective longitudinal study was conducted at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from April 2022 to June 2023. The study enrolled 282 kidney cancer survivors aged 18 to 60 who completed three surveys at 1, 3, and 6 months postsurgery. Data collection involved telephone interviews and self-administered questionnaires, capturing sociodemographic information, medical history, and employment status, while follow-up assessments tracked return-to-work readiness. The scales used for analysis included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Return-to-Work Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Brief Fatigue Inventory. Generalized Estimation Equations were applied to identify significant factors, with both single-factor and multivariate analyses performed to pinpoint the most critical variables. ResultsReturn-to-work rates at 1, 3, and 6 months postsurgery were 26.9%, 59.9%, and 76.2%, respectively. Higher levels of anxiety, lower self-efficacy, older age, and greater fatigue were associated with reduced return-to-work rates. Physically demanding jobs posed more barriers compared to nonmanual roles. Significant factors identified in multivariate analysis included anxiety, self-efficacy, fatigue, and the nature of the patient's work. ConclusionPsychological, physical, and job-related factors play a crucial role in determining whether kidney cancer survivors can successfully return to work. Tailored support and flexible work arrangements could help kidney cancer survivors reintegrate into the workforce, leading to better long-term outcomes. Implication for Nursing PracticeNursing professionals can play a vital role in assessing and supporting kidney cancer survivors during their recovery process by addressing both psychological and physical factors. Incorporating return-to-work readiness into postoperative care plans, offering mental health support, and liaising with employers to create flexible working conditions could enhance the reintegration of survivors into the workforce.

The Mediating Role of Trauma Centrality in the Correlation Between Coping Self-Efficacy and Posttraumatic Growth Level of Disaster Volunteers.

Volunteers who respond to disasters play a crucial role in disaster management. However, their indirect exposure to traumatic events during their duties can adversely affect their mental health. The aim of the study was to determine the correlation among trauma centrality, coping self-efficacy, and posttraumatic growth and trauma centrality as possible mediator role in this relationship. A total of 112 disaster volunteers participated. The data were collected with a Demographic Form, the Centrality of Events Scale, the Post-Traumatic Growth Scale, and the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale. Disaster volunteers exhibited above average event centrality, high levels of posttraumatic growth, and coping self-efficacy. A positive correlation was identified among trauma centrality, posttraumatic growth, and coping self-efficacy, with trauma centrality playing a full mediating role. This study will be instrumental in better understanding the posttraumatic processes of disaster volunteers and in strengthening coping capacities, guiding the implementation of preventive and protective psychosocial interventions.

Contribution of Disease-Specific Distress, Social Support, and Self-Efficacy to Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors in Saudi Adults: A Path Analysis.

Disease-specific distress, social support, and self-efficacy have noticeable impacts on diabetes self-management. Although these three concepts are connected, their interplay and subsequent influence on diabetes self-management warrants further research. A total of 154 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited to complete a survey, which included questions related to social support, diabetes self-efficacy, diabetes self-management behaviors, and disease-specific stress. The variables were examined with path analysis using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) software. In the final model, diabetes self-efficacy was a significant predictor of increased diabetes self-management behaviors. Lower levels of disease-specific distress were associated with higher levels of self-efficacy. Path analysis indicated that the direct effect of social support on diabetes self-management behaviors was significant, and social support indirectly affected diabetes self-management behaviors through the mediating effect of diabetes self-efficacy. Overall, the study findings indicate that social support can exert an impact on diabetes self-management behaviors through the mediating effect of diabetes self-efficacy. The study's findings support the use of Individual and Family Self-Management Theory to improve diabetes self-management. Further research is needed to better understand how factors related to the family support system influence diabetes self-management behaviors.

Effects of Telenursing on Drug Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Quality of Life in Individuals With Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, health services offered to individuals diagnosed with mental disorders were interrupted, and use of alternative methods, such as telenursing, came to the forefront. Sixty-four individuals with schizophrenia participated in the current randomized controlled trial that evaluated whether a telenursing intervention affected their drug attitudes, self-efficacy, and quality of life. Pretest, posttest, and follow-up measurements were obtained for experimental and control groups from May to August 2021. Data were collected via a Personal Information Form, Drug Attitude Inventory-10, Self-Efficacy Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Short Form. Upon comparison of scores obtained by the experimental and control groups in pretest, posttest, and follow-up measurements, it was discerned that telenursing positively affected drug attitudes of participants in the experimental group and enhanced their quality of life. Although there was an increase in self-efficacy levels of the experimental group compared to the control group, the difference was not statistically significant. Telenursing is an effective intervention for the improvement of drug attitudes and quality of life but is not satisfactory for the improvement of self-efficacy in individuals with schizophrenia. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 62(10), 15-24.].

Self-management support program delivered in the sub-acute phase after traumatic injury—study protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial

BackgroundTraumatic injuries, defined as physical injuries with sudden onset, are a major cause of distress and disability, with far-reaching societal consequences. A significant proportion of trauma survivors report persistent symptoms and difficulties after the injury, and studies show unmet health care needs. Self-management programs delivered in the sub-acute phase after traumatic injuries are scarcely evaluated. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-management program (SEMPO), delivered 3–4 months after moderate-to-severe traumatic injury.MethodsThis study protocol describes a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two classical RCT arms (intervention and control) and an explorative self-selection arm. 220 patients will be recruited from Oslo University Hospital, the largest Trauma Referral Centre in Norway. Patients aged 18–72 years residing in the south-east region of Norway, admitted to the Trauma Centre directly or within 72 h after having sustained a moderate to severe traumatic injury, defined as a New Injury Severity Score > 9, having at least 2 days hospital stay, and reporting injury-related symptoms and impairment at discharge from the acute hospital will be included. Patients will be randomly assigned to either a classical RCT randomization arm (intervention or control arm) or to a self-selection arm. In the randomization arm, participants are further randomized into intervention or control group. Participants allocated to the self-selection arm will choose to partake either in the intervention or control arm. The primary outcome is the level of self-efficacy in trauma coping assessed 6 months after completion of the intervention, with a similar time point for the control group. Secondary outcomes include symptom burden, physical functioning and disability, return to work and health care utilization, health-related quality of life, and communication competency. In addition, patients will be asked to nominate one domain-related measurement as their preferred outcome measure.DiscussionThis RCT will determine the effect of a self-management program tailored to patients with moderate to severe physical trauma, and the self-selection arm incorporates the potential influence of patient treatment preferences on intervention results. If the intervention proves effective, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses will be performed and thereby provide important information for clinicians and policy makers.Trial registrationThe study is registered in Clinical Trials with the identifier: NCT06305819. Registered on March 05, 2004.

Association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and constructs of the Health Belief Model in young adult students at the University of Chester

BackgroundYoung adults are reported as one of the major consumers of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) globally and the consumption of SSBs is associated with long-term medical conditions. The Health Belief Model (HBM) has been applied to understand SSB consumption by children and adolescents through the use of its constructs. There is a gap in knowlege of HBM application to SSB consumption of young adults. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to fill this gap.ObjectiveThe primary objective of the study was to determine if an association existed between SSB consumption status and the constructs of the HBM: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and cues in young adult students.MethodsDesign: Cross-sectional data were obtained using an online self-administered structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Chi-squared (X2) test for association were used to analyse the data.Setting: Participants were recruited via email and WhatsApp.Participants: Seventy young adult students aged 18 to 30 years studying at the University of Chester, England.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 25.5 years (SD: 3.0). 53% consumed SSBs on a given day. Postgraduates (58%), Blacks (52%), and Asian students (70%) had the greater percentages of SSB consumers. There was a very strong significant association between SSB consumption status and level of perceived severity of diseases from a high intake of SSBs, X2 (1, N = 70) = 6.94, P = 0.01, Cramer’s V = 0.32. Also, a very strong association existed between SSB consumption status and self-efficacy level to control SSB intake, X2 (1, N = 70) = 8.83, P = 0.00, Cramer’s V = 0.36.ConclusionsA high percentage of young adult students especially those from minority ethnic groups in the UK consumed SSBs which indicates that targeted initiatives at these groups are required to control their intake. Interventions to control SSB intake in young adult students should consider increasing their level of perceived severity of diseases from a high intake of SSBs and self-efficacy to control SSB intake. We recommend actions that can further increase their awareness of how serious diseases from a high intake of SSBs are. We also recommend measures intended to increase the confidence of young adultstudents in their ability to avoid SSBs when they are stressed, after writing exam, when they are eating, and when they engage in sedentary activities. In particular, modifying their environment to prevent the availability of SSBs at home and regulating the promotion and cost (via taxation) of SSBs in stores would help to increase their self- efficacy level. Further studies to determine why a greater percentage of postgraduate students are consuming SSBs despite their level of education is required. More comprehensive research on SSB consumption in young adults using the HBM is necessary.

Marital adjustment and marital self-efficacy levels of married individuals based on former university accommodation

The aim of this study to examine the differentiation status of university graduate married individuals in marital adjustment and marital self-efficacy levels in the context of their experiences of living with or apart from the family during their university years. Quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were used to investigate, and the research was designed in a sequential explanatory design. According to this, quantitative data were collected using data collection tools and subsequently qualitative data were obtained through interviews. The findings of the quantitative data obtained from 324 participants (185 females, 140 males) did not indicate a statistically significant difference in terms of marital compatibility and marital self-efficacy based on their housing situations during their university years. In the findings obtained from the qualitative data, gathered from 20 (10 female and 10 male) participants, was determined that the participant's experiences and several factors that make differences in marital adjustment and self-efficacy levels. It appears that the discrepancy in parallelism between the quantitative and qualitative data outcomes may be due to the fact that these results were presented by separate working groups. Application and study suggestions were presented to researchers and field experts in line with the information obtained from the research findings.

Analyzing The Impact of Project-Based Learning STEAM Flipped Classroom on Computer Architecture and Organization Courses in Higher Education

This study examines the differences in students' creative thinking skills between the project-based learning STEAM Flipped Classroom and the direct learning STEAM Flipped Classroom model by paying attention to the role of academic self-efficacy as a moderator variable. The research population consists of students in informatics engineering study programs in the Denpasar area of Bali. The study used a quasi-experimental 2 x 2 factorial design. Data collection is carried out through questionnaires and test instruments. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as analysis of covariance. The results showed a significant difference in students' creative thinking skills between those who learned with the STEAM Flipped Classroom project learning model and the STEAM Flipped Classroom direct learning model. In addition, there are differences in students' creative thinking skills based on the level of academic self-efficacy. The empirical application of the STEAM Flipped Classroom project model is proven to help students generate new ideas, develop ideas, and improve their thinking skills. However, the findings suggest that flexible thinking skills must be further enhanced. Students with high self-efficacy tend to be more proactive in providing constructive ideas in project-based learning activities. This research implies that it is necessary to actively motivate and share experiential stories with students who have low self-efficacy. In the future, I suggest that universities adopt the innovative learning model of project-based learning STEAM flipped Classroom to improve the creative thinking skills of informatics engineering students at the college level.

Investigating Pre-Service EFL Teachers’ Self-efficacy in Their Classroom Management Skills using the EPOSTL as a Self-assessment Tool

Self-efficacy in classroom management is one of the important dimensions of the concept of teacher self-efficacy. Higher levels of classroom management self-efficacy (CMSE) have been positively correlated with an increase in teacher resilience and students’ learning outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial for teachers to develop CMSE beliefs to promote the quality of their teaching. Although the issue of classroom management has been comprehensively explored in the field of education, there are not many studies focusing on pre-service EFL teachers’ development of CMSE beliefs. Moreover, the relationship among several variables such as teachers’ affective states and students’ attitudes towards teachers or courses has been explored in the context of foreign language education (FLE). However, whether there is a relationship between self-assessment and development of CMSE beliefs in FLE settings has not been studied extensively. In this vein, the purpose of this study is to investigate pre-service EFL teachers’ CMSE beliefs depending on their use of the European Portfolio for Student Teachers of Languages (EPOSTL) as a self-assessment tool in their undergraduate education. This study follows an interventionist experimental design based on mix-method data collection. The participants of the study are 31 senior pre-service EFL teachers studying at a state university in Türkiye. Quantitative data of this study were collected through Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) by Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk Hoy (2001) in the form of pre-test and post-test to the participants. Between pre and posttest period, the participants assessed themselves through the EPOSTL for three times. Qualitative data were collected through the participants’ reflective reports and semi-structured interviews and subjected to thematic analysis. The findings of the study have shown that the use of EPOSTL leads to an increase in participants’ level of CMSE beliefs. It may be stated that the wide-spread use of the EPOSTL can be fostered by designing language teacher education programs as more reflection-oriented. By this way, pre-service EFL teachers’ autonomy, CMSE beliefs, perseverance, and continuous professional development can be sustained.

Pengaruh Pendapatan, Financial Attitude, Financial Knowledge, Self-Efficiancy, dan Self-Control Terhadap Financial Behaviour Generasi Sandwich di Kota Mataram

This study aims to empirically test the level of income, financial attitude, financial knowledge, financial self-efficacy, and self-control on the financial behaviour of the sandwich generation in Mataram City. This research is an associative research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study is the sandwich generation in Mataram City. The sample in this study was determined using non probability sampling with the Lemeshow formula, resulting in a research sample of 96. This study uses primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents, then processing the data using data analysis tools in Partial Least Square (PLS) version 4. The results of this study are financial self-efficacy and self-control have a positive effect on the financial behavior of the sandwich generation in Mataram City. Meanwhile, income level, financial attitude, and financial knowledge have no effect on financial behaviour.

Impact of Effort Reward Imbalance and Fatigue on General Self Efficacy of Nurses Working in Tertiary Care Hospitals

The study aims to investigate the impact of effort-reward imbalance and fatigue on the self-efficacy of nurses working in tertiary care hospitals. A purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit participants from both the public and private sector hospitals. The sample consisted of (N=91) participants with a mean age of 27 years. Effort Reward Imbalance (ERI-16 item condensed version) scale, along with the Visual Analog Fatigue Scale and General Self-Efficacy tool was used to measure the relationship among these variables. Results showed that there was a significant relationship between fatigue and self-efficacy of nurses. However, age, effort-reward imbalance, and fatigue were the significant predictors of self-efficacy. Married nurses reflected satisfactory levels of self-efficacy as compared to unmarried nurses. Considering the limited resources for data collection, it is advised to consider a collaboration between hospitals and the research committee. Further, there is a need to conduct a longitudinal study followed by interviews to explore personnel reflection among participants.

The moderating role of emotional self-efficacy and gender in teacher empathy and inclusive education

The role of teacher empathy is recognized as a key factor in improving teacher–student interaction, motivation and academic performance. Despite the importance of teacher empathy, its role in promoting inclusive education is still largely unknown. High levels of empathy are not necessarily associated with greater ability to implement inclusive education, as they can lead to excessive emotional engagement and stress, which negatively affect teachers' abilities. Therefore, the present study explored whether the relationship between high empathy and perceived ability to implement inclusive education could be moderated by other variables, such as emotional self-efficacy and gender. A large sample of Italian support teachers (N = 739; Mage = 37.7; females = 86.9%) was recruited for this study. We found that higher levels of empathy were related to higher levels of self-efficacy in inclusive education, especially when levels of emotional self-efficacy were higher. This relationship was only found for female teachers. The results contribute to knowledge about the role of teachers' empathy for inclusion as well as the moderating role of the ability to regulate negative emotions. The study has implications for pre-service teacher education and in-service teacher training.

Symptoms and Psychosocial Factors on Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction in People with Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases estimated to touch 9.3 million people worldwide by 2030. Motor and non-motor symptoms of PD have a debilitating effect on people with PD’s quality of life (QoL) and life satisfaction (LS). This study aims to explore the factors influencing people with PD’s lives in Ireland. Methods The sample comprised 827 participants, recruited through crowd-sourcing and snowball sampling. Participants were asked to complete a 30-minute survey online or on paper. The survey collected data on motor and non-motor symptoms, social connectedness, self-efficacy, stigma, QoL and LS. A series of linear and multiple regressions assessed the relationships between people with PD’s symptoms, psychosocial factors and their QoL and LS. Results Low self-efficacy and high levels of stigma were predictive of low QoL and LS, while low social connectedness was associated only with low QoL. Results showed reduced dexterity with hand/eye coordination, anxiety, apathy, pain and fatigue contributed to LS, whereas reduced dexterity with hand/eye coordination, shaking/tremors, stiffness of movement, freezing of gait, cognitive problems, hallucinations, apathy, compulsive behaviours, sleeping disorders, pain and urinary incontinence were contributors of QoL. Conclusion This study can provide insights into the factors influencing people with PD’s QoL and LS. Data can promote the development of therapeutic interventions targeting PD non-motor symptoms, which are often dismissed by clinicians. Finally, findings can inform the development of health and social policies and educate the general public to dissolve the stigma associated with PD.

Risk Factors Affecting the Psychological Resilience of Adolescents in Institutional Care: A Systematic Review.

Psychological resilience is defined as the resilience capacity and the power to recover in the face of stressful life events. Adolescents in institutional care have different individual, familial, and environmental risk factors that negatively affect their psychological resilience. This study aimed to comparatively examine studies that detect the risk factors affecting the resilience of adolescents living in institutional care and make recommendations regarding initiatives or specific outcomes related to this. This study systematically reviewed national and international literature databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Medline, CINAHL, EBSCO host, Psychinfo, Cochrane Library, Turkish Ulakbim, Turkish Medical Directory, and Turkish Psychiatry Directory up to December 2021. Fourteen studies were included in this study. Many significant risk factors, such as adolescents' interpersonal relationships, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-efficacy levels, problem-solving skills, empathy skills, as well as parental abandonment, domestic violence, socioeconomic poverty, a history of abuse, peer rejection, lack of social support resources, and low academic performance, have been identified and discussed at individual, familial, and environmental levels. Adolescents in institutional care were more vulnerable and had more mental and behavioral problems than their peers. This systematic review found no studies evaluating preventive programs, interventions, or interventions designed to reduce the frequency and prevalence of future adverse events for children growing up in institutional care settings. Recommends the comprehensive inclusion and evaluation of preventive programs, practices, and assessments aimed at reducing the frequency and prevalence of risk factors affecting resilience.

The influence of prior knowledge on the self-efficacy of students enrolled in a tertiary introductory accounting course

ABSTRACT Given that self-efficacy has been found to influence the achievement of learning outcomes, this study examines the influence of prior knowledge on the self-efficacy levels of students enrolled in a tertiary level introductory accounting course. The self-efficacy levels of 272 students, captured through an in-class survey, were compared by gender, age, prior knowledge and work experience. The results suggest there was no significant difference in self-efficacy levels between students who had previously studied accounting at secondary school and those who had not. This research makes a theoretical contribution by confirming that prior knowledge does not necessarily influence an individual’s level of self-efficacy when there are few similarities between the prior knowledge gained and the current course being studied. In addition, there is a practical contribution which suggests that students who have not studied accounting at secondary school should not be discouraged from studying accounting at tertiary level.

Effects of Physical Exercise Input on the Exercise Adherence of College Students: The Chain Mediating Role of Sports Emotional Intelligence and Exercise Self-Efficacy.

The aims of this study were to investigate the effects and mechanisms of physical exercise input, sports emotional intelligence, and sports self-efficacy on exercise adherence, and to examine the chain-mediating role of sports emotional intelligence→sports self-efficacy. The Physical Exercise Input Scale, Exercise Adherence Scale, Sports Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Sports Self-Efficacy Scale were used to investigate 1390 college students in three universities in the Henan Province. (1) Physical exercise input was a significant positive predictor of exercise adherence (β = 0.29, t = 5.78, p < 0.001); (2) sports emotional intelligence and sports self-efficacy mediated the relationship between physical exercise input and exercise adherence; (3) physical exercise input influenced exercise adherence through the separate mediating role of sports emotional intelligence (β = 0.10, t = 5.98, p < 0.001), the separate mediating role of sports self-efficacy (β = 0.13, t = 2.64, p < 0.01), and the chain mediating role of sports emotional intelligence→sports self-efficacy (β = 0.09, t = 2.80, p < 0.01). (1) Physical exercise input can positively predict the level of sports emotional intelligence and sports self-efficacy of college students; (2) Physical exercise input can not only directly influence college students' exercise adherence but can also indirectly influence it through sports emotional intelligence or sports self-efficacy levels alone, as well as through the chain mediation of the two.