This study verified the direct and mediating effects of self-leadership, emotional intelligence, and career decision-making self-efficacy among 400 third and fourth graders nationwide, and confirmed the structural relationship between the model incorporating emotional intelligence and the model incorporating self-leadership. First, the direct effects of emotional intelligence, self-leadership sub-factors (behavioral perception and will, task motivation, constructive perception), and career decision self-efficacy were statistically significant, and only behavioral perception and will were found to be significant between emotional intelligence and career decision-making self-efficacy. In particular, the relationship between emotional intelligence and career decision-making self-efficacy is very strong, so the sub-factors of self-leadership and the path of career decision-making self-efficacy were not found to have a significant suppressive effect. Second, the direct effects of self-leadership sub-factors (behavioral perception and will, task motivation, constructive perception), emotional intelligence, and career decision self-efficacy were statistically significant, and the mediating effect of emotional intelligence was found to be significant. Third, among the models that treated emotional intelligence and self-leadership as independent variables, the model with self-leadership as an independent variable was found to be a model that could better explain the population. Based on these findings, academic and practical implications were presented.