Construct Of Self-efficacy Research Articles

Academic self-efficacy and future work skills in unaccompanied foreign minors: structural equation analysis according to residence time

ABSTRACT The present study seeks to develop an explanatory model of existing relationships between future work skills and academic self-efficacy of a sample of Unaccompanied foreign minors (UFM) (n = 340) in Spain. The structural model demonstrated that management of cognitive load represents the main future work skill amongst UFM. Nonetheless, adaptive thinking acquires more relevance amongst those who have spent less time residing in Spain, whilst multidisiplinary capability is more relevant for those who have already been schooled. On the other hand, a stronger relationship existed between future work skills and effort within UFM who had spent less time residing in the country. However, UFM who had already received schooling acquired a greater association for comprehension and self-confidence within the construct of academic self-efficacy. Thus, it is essential for educational and foster care institutions to develop priority actions that meet the needs of UFMs from early ages. These should be aimed at psychosocial diagnosis and the implementation of action plans that will favour cultural immersion, language learning, team work and technology skills; which determines various action guidelines for social workers.

Self-Efficacy and Other Considerations in Performance of Risk-Reducing Behaviors during a Major Disease Outbreak

This study uses the construct of crisis self-efficacy to examine the importance of different considerations in individuals’ decisions to perform recommended safeguarding behaviors during the 2016 Zika virus outbreak. A national survey in the U.S. (n = 370) was administered using a validated crisis self-efficacy scale in late summer 2016, amidst the global crisis. Relationships between crisis self-efficacy and preparedness were assessed. Other considerations such as risk, proximity, and time/money resources required were examined for their importance in decisions to follow safeguarding protocol. Crisis self-efficacy significantly predicted evaluations of preparedness but not of perceived Zika risk. Also, advisories issued from state and federal health agencies influenced individuals’ perceptions of preparedness. Results indicate public health information officers should assess publics’ levels of crisis self-efficacy in strategic message design. State and federal advisories were important to individual assessments of preparedness. Further, results show the threat needs to be presented to audiences in clear, specific terms.

Relationship Between Self-Concept, Self-Efficacy, and Subjective Well-Being of Native and Migrant Adolescents

In the last decade, the migrant population in Chile has substantially increased, where the rates have not only increased in the adult population, but also among children and adolescents, creating a potential for social and cultural development in the educational system. The present work analyzes the relationship between self-concept, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being in native and migrant adolescents in Santiago de Chile. The sample consisted of 406 students, 56.65% women, with an age range that fluctuated between 12 and 16 years, with an average of 13.36 years (SD = 0.96). Student’s t-tests were used to compare the average of the constructs evaluated between natives/migrants and boys/girls participants. Subsequently, two multivariate models of simple mediation were constructed, one for natives and another for migrants, which assumed subjective well-being as a dependent variable, academic self-concept as an independent variable and the general self-efficacy as a mediating variable. In both models, gender was considered as a control variable. Results show that migrant students present higher levels of academic self-concept and general self-efficacy than native students. There are no differences with regard to well-being. In the case of gender, differences are observed only for the case of general self-efficacy, where boys present higher levels. On the other hand, a partial mediation is observed for the model of native students and a total mediation for the model of migrant students. The study yielded interesting results regarding the differences in the evaluation of the constructs of self-concept, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being in both groups. Such data can be used as inputs for the development of public policies for adolescents.

Autoeficacia académica en la adolescencia: Una revisión

 The relevance of the construct of academic self-efficacy during adolescence and its relationship with various variables has been the objective of this review and analysis of research in this regard. The search for a broad review of articles regarding the construct of academic self-efficacy was extensive. Its analysis period lasted approximately four months, from May to September 2020. From the analysis of the research reviewed, we can conclude that academic self-efficacy is a fundamental factor for academic performance and success.

Provider self-efficacy in delivering evidence-based psychosocial interventions: A scoping review.

Among the many variables that affect implementation of evidence-based interventions in real-world settings, self-efficacy is one of the most important factors at the provider level of the social ecology. Yet, research on the construct of provider self-efficacy remains limited. This scoping review was conducted to enhance understanding of the construct of provider self-efficacy and to examine how the construct is defined and measured in the context of implementation of evidence-based mental health interventions. Online databases were used to identify 190 papers published from 1999 to June of 2018 that included search terms for providers, evidence-based, and self-efficacy. To be eligible for the scoping review, papers needed to focus on the self-efficacy of mental health providers to deliver evidence-based psychosocial interventions. A total of 15 publications were included in the review. The construct of provider self-efficacy is not clearly defined but is typically described as confidence to deliver a specific intervention or practice. A range of measures are used to assess provider self-efficacy across both provider and intervention types. Standardized definition and measurement of provider self-efficacy is needed to advance practice and implementation research. Provider self-efficacy is known to influence implementation of evidence-based mental health interventions. However, the ways in which provider self-efficacy is defined and measured in implementation research literature is not well understood; furthermore, it is not clear what types of providers and interventions are represented in this literature. This scoping review adds to current research by revealing that there is no agreed upon definition or measure of provider self-efficacy in the context of implementation of evidence-based interventions, and that the research includes multiple types of providers (e.g., social workers, counselors, psychologists) and interventions. Self-efficacy appears to change as a function of training and support. To further research in this area, a common definition and agreed upon measures of this construct are needed.

The Relationship of Academic Self-efficacy, Goal Orientation, and Personal Goal Setting among High School Students

Social-cognitive career theory (SCCT, Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) indicates that the constructs of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goal setting represent personal agency in the career domain, mediate experiences and personal traits, and drive career-related behaviors. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among high school students' academic self-efficacy, goal orientation (performance and mastery goals), and their personal goal setting such as career aspirations and university choices. A total of 63 high school students participated in the quantitative study and four college mentors who worked with these students participated in the one-hour length interviews. Quantitative results showed that self-efficacy and goal orientation are significantly related and both of them are associated with students' personal goal setting. Qualitative results showed that parents and siblings influence students' self-efficacy as well as their goal setting. Limitations and implications are discussed as well.

Enhancing Adherence to Voice Therapy via Social Cognitive Strategies.

Treatment adherence is a challenge in behavioral voice therapy. Patients commonly encounter difficulties with practicing and implementing target voice techniques outside of the clinic. Several mobile support strategies have been shown to improve adherence. These strategies are driven by social cognitive theory, which provides a theoretical but practical framework for understanding adherence behavior and solving adherence problems. Key features of the theory include (1) its model of triadic asymmetrical reciprocal causation, (2) the concept of human agency, and (3) the constructs of self-efficacy and goal commitment. The purpose of this article is to (1) explain voice therapy adherence within the framework of social cognitive theory, (2) illustrate three broad categories of adherence problems, and (3) provide examples of strategies to address each. With this exemplified knowledge, the clinician can diagnose factors that underlie patients' adherence problems and develop individualized solutions. Given the significant role adherence plays in behavioral interventions, this information holds substantial clinical relevance.

Meta Analysis: Application of Health Belief Model on the Tertiary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 is a hyperglycemic disease due to insensitivity of cells to insulin. Insulin levels may decrease slightly or be in the normal range. The level of adherence of type 2 diabetes patients is lower than type 1 diabetes. Compliance with medication and taking medication in DM patients has a very important role in controlling blood sugar levels. HBM is a model that describes a person's knowledge of health threats and understanding of recommended behaviors to prevent or treat health problems based on an assessment of feasibility and benefits compared to costs. This study aimed to estimate the effect of HBM, especially the severity and self-efficacy constructs. Subjects and Method: This study was conducted using a systematic review and meta-analysis study design using PICO. Population: type-2 diabetic patients. Intervention: high severity perception and high self-efficacy. Comparison: low severity perception, and low self-efficacy. Outcome: tertiary prevention behaviors. The articles used in this study came from 4 databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct and Proquest. The article keywords are “health belief model” OR “perceived severity” OR “self-efficacy” AND “type 2 diabetes”. The articles included in this study are full paper articles, cross-sectional study designs, 2012-2021 and the size of the relationship between Adj Odds Ratio. Article selection is done using PRISMA. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: A total of 12 cross-sectional studies were reviewed in this study. A meta-analysis of 7 cross-sectional studies showed that strong perceived severity increased the likelihood of implementing tertiary prevention behaviors in type 2 diabetes patients by 4.69 times (aOR= 4.69; 95% CI= 1.92 to 11.47; p= 0.007). A meta-analysis of 9 cross-sectional studies showed that slightly stronger perceived self-efficacy increased the likelihood of implementing tertiary prevention behaviors in type 2 diabetes patients by 1.68 times (aOR= 1.68; 95% CI= 1.03 to 2.74; p= 0.040). Conclusion: Severity perception and self-efficacy are predictors for tertiary prevention of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Keywords: predictors, tertiary prevention, type-2 diabetes mellitus, health belief model. Correspondence: Etanaulia Marsim. Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health, Surakarta. Jl. Letjen Sutoyo, Mojo­songo, Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah. Email: etanaulia@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285840530580. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2021), 06(04): 284-297 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2021.06.04.03

Factors predicting nutritional knowledge, illness perceptions, and dietary adherence among hypertensive middle-aged women: Application of transtheoretical model.

BACKGROUND:Healthy dietary adherence might be one of the effective and modifiable factors for hypertension (HTN) control; therefor, empowering patients for self-care management including healthy food patterns play a key role in guiding their care, in partnership with health care providers. This study aimed to identify the factors predicting nutritional knowledge, illness perceptions, and adherence to a diet based on transtheoretical model (TTM) among hypertensive middle-aged women.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 164 patients with HTN attending west health centers of Tehran, Iran, in 2020. Simple random sampling was used. Sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents were collected, a valid and reliable measure on nutritional knowledge, illness perceptions, and adherence to diet, and a researcher-made measure based on TTM constructs through in-person interview was applied. Descriptive statistics and general linear model were utilized for data analysis using SPSS version 25. The significance level was considered less than 0.05.RESULTS:Mean and standard deviation of participants was 50.82 ± 8.77 years. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that family income (P < 0.001) and body mass index (P < 0.001) predicted nutritional knowledge and adherence to diet, respectively. Decisional balance and self-efficacy constructs predicted nutrition knowledge and illness perceptions (P < 0.001). In adherence to diet, overcoming the temptation construct was indicated as the only predictor (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:Study findings highlighted the necessity of tailoring and implementing interventions based on TTM using appropriate strategies to promote quality of HTN management approach in nutritional knowledge, illness perceptions, and dietary adherence.

Mindful practicing - Mindfulness and goal setting exercises for fostering self-efficacy

This research explores the creation and application of mindfulness and goal setting exercises and tests its relationship with the construct of self-efficacy for music learning and practicing. Three separate questionnaires and pre- and post-intervention interviews were applied to a sample of 11 conservatory students. All participants but one rated higher scores of self-efficacy for music learning and practicing in one of the questionnaires. The additional questionnaires, interviews and formats that were analyzed give this study a broader scope for identifying distinct factors that may have a relation with the exercises applied and higher self-ratings of self-efficacy. The content of this research provides an analysis of mindfulness practices and goal-setting strategies and their application to the instrumental practice of music conservatory students. The material envisioned for this study is both original and retrieved from external sources. Some of the material is taken from author Vanessa Cornett and her book “The Mindful Musician” (Cornett, 2019), as well as from Sarah Samuel’s book “Mindful Crafting” (2018) and Bernadette Dijkhuizen-Keogh’s work (2019). This research wishes to provide tools not only for students who want to improve their sense of self-efficacy regarding their instrumental practice but also for teachers, who want to explore the material developed in this study with their students.

Exploring healthcare professionals' views of the acceptability of delivering interventions to promote healthy infant feeding practices within primary care: a qualitative interview study.

Early-life nutrition plays a key role in establishing healthy lifestyles and preventing chronic disease. This study aimed to (1) explore healthcare professionals' (HCP) opinions on the acceptability of and factors influencing the delivery of interventions to promote healthy infant feeding behaviours within primary care and (2) identify proposed barriers/enablers to delivering such interventions during vaccination visits, to inform the development of a childhood obesity prevention intervention. A qualitative study design was employed using semi-structured telephone interviews. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis; findings were also mapped to the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA). Primary care in Ireland. Twenty-one primary care-based HCP: five practice nurses, seven general practitioners, three public health nurses, three community dietitians and three community medical officers. The acceptability of delivering interventions to promote healthy infant feeding within primary care is influenced by the availability of resources, HCP's roles and priorities, and factors relating to communication and relationships between HCP and parents. Proposed barriers and enablers to delivering interventions within vaccination visits include time constraints v. opportunistic access, existing relationships and trust between parents and practice nurses, and potential communication issues. Barriers/enablers mapped to TFA constructs of Affective Attitude, Perceived Effectiveness and Self-Efficacy. This study provides a valuable insight into HCP perspectives of delivering prevention-focused infant feeding interventions within primary care settings. While promising, factors such as coordination and clarity of HCP roles and resource allocation need to be addressed to ensure acceptability of interventions to HCP involved in delivery.

The Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Passion in Business Performance

Small enterprises contribute significantly to the economic growth and prosperity in countries (Birch, 1987). The field of entrepreneurship represents an increasingly dynamic productive force in the economy (Gavron et al., 1998). Various entrepreneurship researchers opposed the construct of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), defined as an individual's belief in his or her ability to achieve various entrepreneurial tasks (Miao, Qian and Ma, 2017). Many studies have found positive relationships between ESE and entrepreneurial intention. On the contrary, there are some ambiguity on relationship between ESE and entrepreneur's post- start up performance (McGee et al. 2009). One of the affective entrepreneurial dimension is passion. Many researchers have opposed passion as a key element of entrepreneurial effort (Cardon et al., 2009; Chen et al., 2009) because it is able to bring up creativity and the recognition of new information patterns critical to the encounter and exploitation of encouraging opportunities (Baron, 2008; Cardon et al. 2013). However, there is little research focusing on entrepreneurial passion (EP), leading to business performance (Cardon et al. 2013). Thus, this research clarify how entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) effect to business performance, and entrepreneurial passion (EP) may vary the ESE- business performance relationship as a mediator. Keywords: Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Passion, Business Performance

Using Social Cognitive Theory to Predict Preventive Health Screening Behaviors Among Type 2 Diabetics

Preventive health screening behaviors are vital for preventing complications among diabetics. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which constructs of the social cognitive theory (SCT) predict preventive health care screenings in type 2 diabetics. Adults with type 2 diabetes (n=148) were recruited from medical clinics to complete a 41-item valid and reliable instrument. Data were analyzed using logistic and multiple linear regression. The constructs self-efficacy and self-control, along with the variables education and diabetes education status, accounted for 16.2% of the variance. Overall, constructs from social cognitive theory were not strong predictors in this study.

Effect of education based on the health belief model on earthquake preparedness in women

Earthquake as a health risk affects human health all around the world. Iran is located in an earthquake-prone area; however, Iranian people do not demonstrate appropriate preparedness for earthquakes. Women play a critical role in earthquake risk reduction. Earthquake education programs are of great significance in preparing women and their families. The behavioral theory-based education can be an effective framework for facilitating earthquake preparedness. This study aimed to determine the effect of education based on the health belief model (HBM) on earthquake preparedness in women living in Hamadan City, Iran. The study presented the results of a quasi-experimental study on 120 women (60 women in an experimental group and 60 women in a control group) admitted to comprehensive health centers, who were selected using the multi-stage random sampling method. Earthquake preparedness was assessed with a researcher-made HBM questionnaire and a checklist before and two months after HBM-based education in three 45–60 min sessions. The collected data was analyzed using Independent samples t-test, Paired samples t-test, and ANCOVA. The results showed that after HBM-based education, the scores of awareness, HBM constructs, namely perceived susceptibility, perceived servility, perceived benefits, perceived self-efficacy constructs (except for cues to action), and earthquake preparedness increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Given the positive impact of HBM-based education on awareness, most of the HBM constructs, and earthquake preparedness, HBM-based education should be applied with more focus on cues to action for earthquake preparedness.

Using micro-lectures in small private online courses: what do we learn from students’ behavioural intentions?

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to apply the Technology Acceptance Model to identify the determinants affecting students’ behavioural intentions when it comes to using micro-lectures. The conceptual framework included three antecedents of behavioural intentions – perceived usefulness of micro-lectures; perceived ease of use of micro-lectures; and user satisfaction. Moreover, the four first-order constructs of content richness, user satisfaction, vividness and self-efficacy were incorporated into the framework based on the theoretical construction. Employing a structural equation modelling approach, the hypothesised model was validated empirically using data collected from China. This study examines two factors (perceived usefulness of micro-lectures and user satisfaction in terms of micro-lectures) related to learners’ behavioural intentions to continue using micro-lectures. Additionally, micro-lecture compatibility, micro-lecture self-efficacy and the vividness of micro-lectures emerged as critical predictors of the perceived usefulness of micro-lectures. The findings provide practical implications for educators and micro-lecture learning system developers.

A psychometric appraisal of positive psychology outcome measures in use with carers of people living with dementia: a systematic review.

This review aimed (i) to identify all positive psychology measures in use with family carers and (ii) to determine their psychometric properties. Literature searches were made in Ovid MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and Web of Science. The identified measures were then subjected to analysis via an established quality appraisal tool. Twenty-five instruments representing the positive psychology constructs of resilience, self-efficacy, and positive aspects to caregiving were found. Two reviewers independently evaluated the measures using the quality appraisal tool. The Gain in Alzheimer Care Instrument, the Resilience Scale, and the Caregiver Efficacy Scale were found to be the highest scoring measures within their respective constructs. Although some robust instruments were identified, there were numerous examples of important psychometric properties not being evidenced in development papers. Future researchers and clinicians should administer evidence-based outcome measures with adequate psychometric properties representing positive and negative constructs to obtain a comprehensive picture of a person's well-being.

Enhancing our conceptual understanding of state and trait self-efficacy by correlational analysis of four self-efficacy scales in people with spinal cord injury

BackgroundSelf-efficacy is an important determinant of adjustment following spinal cord injury. Self-efficacy is defined as the belief that one can successfully execute behavior required to produce the desired outcomes. In its original conceptualization, self-efficacy refers to the confidence that people have in their ability to accomplish specific tasks and behaviors within a specific context. Over the years these situation specific aspects have been unconfined and multiple constructs of self-efficacy have been proposed. The most common is a division in trait and state self-efficacy. Another used division that is utilized is between general, domain-specific and task-specific self-efficacy. The scientific support for these constructs is to date still unclear. The objective of this study was to enhance the understanding of the self-efficacy construct by comparing four self-efficacy scales designed to measure three aspects of self-efficacy (general versus domain-specific versus task-specific) in people with spinal cord injury.MethodsDutch and Australian adults with spinal cord injury (N = 140) completed four frequently used self-efficacy scales; the Moorong Self-efficacy Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale, University of Washington Self-efficacy Scale and a Self-care Self-efficacy Scale approximately 6 months after their inpatient rehabilitation. Pearson correlations examined inter-relationships between the scales.ResultsHypothesized strong correlations between scales measuring similar aspects of self-efficacy were found (correlations 0.50–0.65). However, the hypothesized weak to moderate correlations between scales measuring diverging aspects of self-efficacy were only partly found (correlations 0.31–0.74), with 7 out of 12 correlations being strong instead of moderate.ConclusionsThe expected distinctions between the three aspects of self-efficacy was not demonstrated. All four scales measure a common latent construct, most likely general self-efficacy aspects. Further research is necessary to find ways to improve the measurement of domain-specific and task-specific aspects of SE, so that they are sensitive enough to capture change over time, and thus enhance clinical outcomes of people with SCI as they adjust to their disability.

The German Multi-Dimensional Perceived Autonomy Support Scale for Physical Education: Adaption and Validation in a Sample of Lower Track Secondary School Students.

Teachers’ autonomy support (AS) in physical education (PE) has positive effects on students’ affective and behavioral outcomes in PE. Even though the existence of three different dimensions of AS, namely cognitive, organizational and procedural AS has been suggested in educational settings, there is a lack of multidimensional instruments for the assessment of autonomy-supportive teaching in PE. The aim of this study was to validate the German Multi-Dimensional Perceived Autonomy Support Scale for Physical Education (MD-PASS-PE). The sample comprised 1030 students of grades 6 through 10. Internal consistency was used to test the reliability of the assumed subscales. Factorial validity and measurement invariance across gender and age were examined by confirmatory factor analyses. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate criterion validity. The subscales exhibited acceptable to good internal consistency. The assumed three-factor structure was confirmed within a bi-factor model including a general factor and three specific group factors. Results strongly supported measurement invariance across gender while tentatively suggesting measurement invariance across age. Criterion validity was supported as the MD-PASS-PE explained 15% and 14% of the variance in the constructs of self-efficacy and intrinsic value, respectively. The German MD-PASS-PE provides PE teachers with deeper insights into their autonomy-supportive teaching behavior, helping them to support their students’ autonomy in a holistic way.

Online mental health communities, self-efficacy and transition to further support

PurposeThis study is exploratory research which aims to understand how users gain support from the online mental health community (OMHC) 18 percent and whether engagement with this community may possibly lead to increased self-efficacy.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 128 users of an OMHC, 18 percent, completed an online questionnaire that asked open-ended questions about the community and how users engaged with it. The results were analysed using quantitative and qualitative methods.FindingsBased on the construct of self-efficacy within social cognitive theory, it is evident that the platform provides users with increased self-efficacy and encourages further support seeking in a professional capacity, either via an online or offline platform.Originality/valueOMHCs provide a therapeutic, peer-to-peer space for users in times of crisis which have the possibility to increase self-efficacy when engaged with. However, users must acknowledge that although the online platform is an efficacious resource, it cannot be used as a principal proxy for offline treatment.

Safe driving behaviors among taxi drivers: a predictive cross-sectional study based on the health belief model

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to predict safe driving behaviors among taxi drivers of Tehran based on the constructs of health belief model.MethodsThis descriptive-analytical study was performed on 450 taxi drivers in Tehran using multi-stage sampling. Data were analyzed through SPSS software version 18 using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis. The P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAmong the constructs of health belief model, perceived severity, perceived benefits and self-efficacy, had significant and direct relationship and perceived barriers had a significant and reverse relationship with safe driving behaviors. According to the results, the constructs of health belief model predicted 17.3% of safe driving behaviors. Self-efficacy was the strongest determinant of safety behaviors (0.362 CI 0.098–0.625).ConclusionsIncreasing self-efficacy, reducing perceived barriers and highlighting benefits for the purpose of accepting safe behaviors can be considered as a principle in driving education and training. Also, increasing the perceived severity of adverse outcomes of RTAs and the susceptibility to these outcomes will lead to higher levels of safe driving behaviors.