Levels Of Self-compassion Research Articles

Perceived Social Support and Social Anxiety among Korean Returnee Cross-Cultural Individuals: A Moderated Mediation Model of Re-Acculturative Stress and Self-Compassion

The current study examined the influence of perceived social support on social anxiety among Korean returnee cross-cultural individuals (CCIs)—defined as those who lived in two or more cultural environments during the developmental period ranging from birth to 18 years—focusing on the moderated mediation mechanism with re-acculturative stress as a mediator and self-compassion as a moderator. Study participants consisted of 175 Korean undergraduate students (97 females, mean age = 22.6, SD = 1.8). Results indicated that perceived social support decreased social anxiety via re-acculturative stress. However, the indirect effect of perceived social support on social anxiety through re-acculturative stress differed according to the level of returnee CCIs’ self-compassion. Specifically, the mediating effect of re-acculturative stress on Korean returnee CCIs’ relationships between perceived social support and social anxiety was significant only for those with low levels of self-compassion. It was insignificant for those who reported high levels of self-compassion, indicating that self-compassion had a buffering effect. These findings imply that providing returnee CCIs with sufficient social support and helping them reduce re-acculturative stress would decrease their social anxiety, particularly when they are self-compassionate.

A case series to test the acceptability, feasibility and preliminary efficacy of AVATAR therapy in anorexia nervosa

BackgroundPatients with anorexia nervosa tend to experience an inner “eating disorder” voice. They struggle to recognise and assert their own identity over the illness’s identity and relate to it from a powerless and subordinate position. AVATAR therapy was developed to help patients with psychosis to gain greater power and control over distressing voices. The goal of this study was to test the feasibility, acceptability, safety and preliminary efficacy of an adaptation of AVATAR therapy for anorexia nervosa.MethodsTwelve adult patients with anorexia nervosa were recruited. Ten completed an assessment session and between five to seven therapy sessions. The assessment session consisted in the creation of an avatar to represent the “eating disorder”. This was accomplished by manipulating auditory and visual characteristics through a specialist computer software. During the therapy sessions, patients interacted with the avatar to assert their own desires and will. Patients completed baseline, end of intervention and follow-up (4-week) online questionnaires. A non-concurrent multiple baselines single case experimental design (SCED) was used (A1BA2). Feasibility, acceptability, safety and preliminary efficacy of the intervention were assessed.ResultsThe therapy met pre-specified criteria relating to (1) Feasibility: sample recruited within three months; retention rate at the end of the treatment phase = 81.9%; therapy completion rate = 90.1%. (2) Safety: no serious adverse events associated with the intervention. (3) Acceptability: mean ratings = 7.5 (SD = 2.61) out of ten, on a 0–10 scale of acceptability (10 = complete satisfaction). With regards to efficacy, participants reported significantly lower levels of distress associated with the eating disorder voice and higher levels of self-compassion at the end of treatment. No other significant changes were observed in frequency of the eating disorder voice, voice’s characteristics, such as omnipotence and malevolence, eating disorder symptoms and symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress. Patients’ feedback indicated that the therapy had helped with their ability to stand up to the illness, make positive changes around eating, and increase their motivation to recover and self-compassion.ConclusionAVATAR therapy for anorexia nervosa is feasible, acceptable and safe for patients. Larger studies are needed to test clinical efficacy.Trial registration The study was pre-registered on the clinicaltrials.gov registry (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04778423).

Mindful Self-Compassion as an Antidote to Burnout for Mental Health Practitioners.

The objective of this correlational study was to explore the relationship between levels of self-compassion and burnout for currently practicing mental health practitioners (MHPs) in the United States. All professionals are vulnerable to burnout based on various types of organizational stressors, but burnout is of particular concern for health care service providers who may need to adopt a stance of detachment, or emotional distance, as relief from intense workloads, with clients. The data were collected through an online survey. Regression analysis found that scores from Neff's Self-Compassion Scale were a significant negative predictor of levels of MHP burnout, as assessed by Schaufeli et al.'s Burnout Assessment Tool, p < 0.001. The implication of this finding is that cultivating self-compassion appears to be a pragmatic self-care strategy for MHPs to mitigate the negative effects of burnout. More educational and occupational training in self-compassion practices as self-care should be provided to help protect the physical and emotional well-being of MHPs. The deleterious systemic effects of burnout make MHP self-care an ethical issue, along with the need to identify protective factors, prevention, and treatment of burnout.

Longitudinal relationships between self-compassion and depressive symptoms in midlife women

Objective Women in midlife face a range of biopsychosocial stressors that increase the risk of depression, with potential negative consequences in older adulthood. Lower self-compassion is known to predict subsequent depressive symptoms, but little is known about whether depressive symptoms predict subsequent levels of self-compassion. This study examined the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between self-compassion and depressive symptoms over a 5-year period in midlife. Method This longitudinal study used data from 272 women aged 40–60 years at baseline. Cross-lagged panel analysis was used to investigate reciprocal relationships between depressive symptoms and self-compassion at baseline and 5-year follow-up. Results After controlling for autoregressive effects, self-compassion at baseline explained 4% of unique variance in depressive symptoms 5 years later. Baseline depressive symptoms also predicted subsequent levels of self-compassion, with 2% of unique variance explained. Conclusion This is the first study to report a bidirectional longitudinal relationship between self-compassion and depressive symptoms. Midlife women may experience a negative cycle whereby low self-compassion and depressive symptoms reinforce each other through midlife and into older adulthood. Clinical trials examining self-compassion interventions in midlife are indicated.

Basic Psychological Needs and its Relationship with Self-compassion among University Students

Background of the study: Basic psychological needs and self-compassion have gained significant attention in the field. Numerous studies have explored these concepts and their correlation with various personal variables due to their importance and their impact on positive personality aspects and mental health outcomes. Aims and scope of paper: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between basic psychological needs and self-compassion, as well as to examine potential differences in the level of basic psychological needs and self-compassion based on gender and college affliction. Methods: The study included a sample of 528 undergraduate students from Hashemite University. Data were collected using the Basic Psychological Needs Scale and Self-Compassion Scale. Result: The results indicated no gender-based differences in the level of basic psychological needs and two dimensions (competence and autonomy) due to gender, while males had higher level of relatedness compared females. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the level of basic psychological needs and two dimensions (competence and relatedness), between students' form scientific and humanities colleges. However, students from scientific colleges exhibited higher level of autonomy. The study also found that females had higher levels of self-compassion compared to males, with no differences based on college affiliation. Furthermore, positive correlations were observed between basic psychological needs and self-compassion, as well as and between psychological needs and self-compassion subscales (self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness). Conversely, a negative correlation was identified between basic psychological needs and self-compassion subscales (self-judgment, isolation, and over-identified). Conclusion: The basic psychological needs are of paramount importance in human development, and they serve as fundamental requirements throughout an individual's growth. The study revealed a positive correlation between basic psychological needs and self-compassion. These findings have valuable implications for the development of training and guidance programs aimed at enhancing basic psychological needs and self-compassion, which can ultimately contribute positively to the learning process.

Nurses’ resilience and self-care in the era of the covid-19 pandemic: a pilot study

Introduction: During the crisis of the Covid-19 pandemic, frontline health personnel was faced with unprecedented working conditions. The need to adapt to rapidly changing healthcare protocols and changes in the workplace compromised the mental resilience of healthcare professionals. In this psychologically damaging situation for workers, the concept of self-care is of special importance. Objective: To investigate the relationship between resilience, self-care, self-compassion and stress of the nursing staff working in a tertiary hospital in Northern Greece and to identify the factors that predict the increasement of resilience. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, in a convenience sample of 101 nurses working in a tertiary hospital in Northern Greece. Participants were called to fill in a battery of questionnaires that included: a) demographic-professional characteristics questions b) the Brief Resilience Scale, c) the Self-Compassion Scale, d) the Stress Scale – the Perceived Stress Scale, and e) the Self-care determination scale. Results: Participants showed moderate levels of stress and self-compassion and above average -moderate resilience. Regarding self-care, the majority presented higher values in social and professional dimension compared to the physical one. Resilience was negatively correlated with stress (p&lt;0.001) and positively correlated with self-care (p&lt;0.001) and self-compassion (p=0.001). Stress, self-care, and higher educational level (having a master’s degree and/or doctorate) predicted the 28.8% of the variance in resilience. Self-care enhancement interventions are suggested to to further enhance health professionals’ resilience, thus reduce stress of nursing staff working in highly demanding environments, including secondary care service

Self-Compassion Predicts Student Athletes’ Negative and Positive Affect After Remembering Exercise-Related Setbacks

"Introduction. Previous findings show that self-compassion is an important resource for athletes, being associated with less fear of failure and better adaptation to obstacles. Objective. The study examines the role of self-compassion in predicting student athletes’ negative and positive affect after recalling a negative, shameful experience of physical training. It examines the extent to which self-compassion can predict the different types of positive (soothing and activating) and negative affect in this context. Method. In a correlational design, self-compassion levels were measured in N = 62 student-athletes using the Self-Compassion Scale- Short Form. After remembering a training-related setback, levels of soothing and activating positive affect were measured using the Types of Positive Affect Scale, and levels of negative affect were assessed with the Emotional Distress Profile. Results. Results indicated that self-compassion is a significant positive predictor of both types of positive affect and a negative predictor of negative affect after recalling a negative shameful experience related to physical training. Conclusion. Confirming previous findings, self-compassion was a relevant construct in the sport context, predicting students’ affect. These results suggest that interventions to improve self-compassion may be adaptive for athletes, and may improve their affect, probably leading to more optimal sport motivation, however, interventional studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion interventions in optimizing athletes’ affect and motivation. Keywords: self-compassion, athletes, affect, exercise. "

EFFICACY OF INTEGRATIVE SELF-REFLECTION INTERVENTIONS ON THE SELF-COMPASSION OF ADULTS WITH SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION

Objective: The purpose of the research was to explore the impact of an integrated approach to self-reflections by combining the interventions from Naikan Therapy and Expressive Arts therapy on adults with symptoms of depression. It was hypothesized that after the successful completion of ten bi-weekly psychotherapeutic sessions over a period of 7 weeks (including pre and post assessment), participants would have increased levels of self-compassion compared to the pre-test levels. Research Design: The present research is a quasi-experimental research design. A total of eleven participants within the age range of 18-40 were included in the research using purposive sampling. Place and Duration of the Study: 1 year, at Bahria University, Karachi Campus Participants and Methods: Only participants who were experiencing symptoms of depression, between the age range of 18-40 and at least a 12th grade education level was included in the research. In addition to the Informed Consent Form, Demographic Information Form, Siddiqui Shah Scale of Depression (Siddiqui and Shah, 1997) and Self Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003) were used to assess the level of depressive symptoms and self-compassion of the participants before and after the intervention. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 22.0 was used for analysis and a paired sample t-test was conducted to see the differences between the pretest and posttest of the participants. Results: Results indicated a significant increase in the levels of self-compassion from pretest (M=57, SD=6.67) to posttest (M=102, SD=10.09) conditions; t (10) = -1.45, P&lt;0.05. Conclusion: Integrative psychotherapies have been found to be effective in increasing awareness, improving self-awareness, improving mindfulness, and reducing self-critical thinking. Overall, these potential implications suggest that it may be an integrative form of therapy for individuals struggling with depression.

Relationship satisfaction in Black heterosexual couples: The role of self-compassion and openness.

The study examined how Black heterosexual couples cope with the impact of racial discrimination on their relationship. The Vulnerability Stress Adaptation (VSA) model was utilized to examine the role of self-compassion in mitigating negative interaction in the relationship and how racial discrimination might disrupt this protective process. Further, the influence of open communication on the relationship between negative interaction and overall relationship satisfaction was explored. Participants included 210 Black married heterosexual couples. A common-fate moderated mediation model was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that first, higher levels of self-compassion in both spouses were associated with lower negative interaction within the couple's relationship. Second, among wives, the relationship between self-compassion and negative interaction changed in response to higher levels of racial discrimination. Third, couples' negative interaction suppressed the positive effects of self-compassion on overall relationship satisfaction. Fourth, for wives, the level of open communication played a role in the relationship between negative interaction and relationship satisfaction. Fifth, specifically for wives, the extent to which self-compassion was related to relationship satisfaction through negative interaction depended on the level of discrimination perceived by wives and the degree of open communication in their relationships. The findings have implications for clinical work and further research.

Post-Traumatic Growth and Self-Compassion Level in Hemodialysis Patients

The hemodialysis process can lead to positive psychological changes in patients as they cope with physical and psychosocial stress factors. Understanding post-traumatic growth and factors that may be associated is essential to increasing the likelihood of achieving positive changes in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between post-traumatic growth and self-compassion levels in hemodialysis patients. The study was conducted with 83 hemodialysis patients. Data were collected using “Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Form,” “Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory,” “Self-Compassion Scale.” Post-traumatic growth levels of hemodialysis patients were found to be moderate. The self-compassion levels of hemodialysis patients were found to be high. A statistically significant difference was found between gender, educational status, economic status, and self-compassion mean scores ( p &lt; .05). However, no statistically significant correlation was found between post-traumatic growth and self-compassion ( p &gt; .05). Further research is needed to explore the potential correlation between self-compassion and post-traumatic growth in hemodialysis patients.

Academic burnout among accounting majors: the roles of self-compassion, test anxiety, and maladaptive perfectionism

ABSTRACT Academic burnout, a significant negative predictor of academic performance, appears to be increasing. We examine antecedents of academic burnout among accounting majors – cognitive test anxiety, maladaptive perfectionism, and self-compassion. Based on a survey of 159 accounting majors across three years, we find that more than 85% of accounting majors report modest to high levels of burnout. Cognitive test anxiety and maladaptive perfectionism are at higher levels than observed in earlier samples of college students. Academic burnout is higher among those with higher levels of cognitive test anxiety and somewhat lower among those with higher levels of self-compassion. Although maladaptive perfectionism is not found to be related to academic burnout, it does lead to higher levels of cognitive test anxiety. Higher levels of self-compassion lead to lower levels of both cognitive test anxiety and maladaptive perfectionism, and is particularly critical to alleviating academic burnout when examining the test anxiety subfactor for freezing up (i.e. when students are unable to organize thoughts during an exam due to anxiety). In all, our study provides a first step in unpacking the antecedents of academic burnout among accounting majors.

Effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on burnout and self-compassion among critical care nurses caring for patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study

BackgroundWorkloads in intensive care units (ICUs) have increased and extremely challenging ethical dilemmas were generated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. ICU nurses experience high-stress levels and burnout worldwide. Egyptian studies on the effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) among ICU nurses are limited, although MBI has been shown to reduce stress and burnout.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study included 60 nurses working in three hospitals in El-Beheira, Egypt. Participants were randomly allocated to one of the two groups: intervention or control (30 participants per group). The participants in the intervention group (MBI) received 8 MBI sessions, whereas the control group received no intervention. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Self-Compassion Scale were used to assess the outcomes. Additionally, demographic and workplace data were collected.ResultsThe post-test score of emotional exhaustion after MBI for 8 weeks significantly decreased in the MBI group to 15.47 ± 4.44 compared with the control group with 32.43 ± 8.87 (p < 0.001).The total Self-Compassion Scale significantly increased because of the mindfulness sessions 94.50 ± 3.83 for the MBI group vs. 79.00 ± 4.57 for the control group (p < 0.001). The post-test score of the FFMQ significantly increased to 137.03 ± 5.93, while the control group’s score decreased to 114.40 ± 7.44, following the MBI sessions (p < 0.001). As determined by Cohen’s d test, the effect size of MBI training is quite large, on the three burnout scale dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement), as well as the total score of the mindfulness and self-compassion scales.ConclusionThis study provides preliminary evidence that MBI sessions were effective in reducing emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and increasing levels of mindfulness and self-compassion among critical care nurses.

The role of self-compassion in mediating the effect of perfectionism on personal growth initiative in dental hygienists.

This study explored perfectionism, self-compassion and personal growth initiative in clinical dental hygienists. Cross-sectional survey research was conducted with a non-probability sample of clinical dental hygienists (n = 877). The survey had 55 items and consisted of three validated instruments: Frost's Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-Brief (including evaluative concerns and perfectionistic striving subscales), Neff's Self-Compassion Scale and Robitschek's Personal Growth Initiative Scale. Descriptive, correlation, t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationships among variables. Mediation analysis was conducted to determine the presence of a mediated moderation effect of self-compassion on perfectionism and personal growth initiative. The completion rate for the survey was 89% (n = 788). Evaluative concerns (M = 11.83) and perfectionistic strivings (M = 15.44) among dental hygienists were high, levels of self-compassion (SC) were moderate (M = 2.87) and levels of personal growth initiative (PGI) were low (M = 38.07) compared to others not in the dental field. The mediation analysis found that SC mediates the relationship between perfectionistic evaluative concerns and PGI. It was also determined that SC mediates the relationship between perfectionistic strivings and PGI. Dental hygienists have high levels of perfectionism and may lack necessary levels of self-compassion to counteract those perfectionistic tendencies resulting in a decrease in taking the initiative to engage in opportunities for growth. This suggests the importance of dental hygienists developing a more adaptive perfectionism to balance self-criticism along with not having unrealistic expectations for perfection while engaging in self-compassion that includes self-kindness and mindfulness to support their continued growth.

Examining associations between value-behavior discrepancy guilt, anxiety, and suicide risk for Mexican descent college students: Resilience through self-compassion

Objective The present study examines self-compassion (SC) as a potential protective factor in the relationship between value-behavior discrepancy guilt (VBDG) and the mental health outcomes of anxiety and suicide risk in a sample of Mexican-descent college students. Method Participants consisted of 810 college students of Mexican descent. Students were recruited through a psychology participant pool and completed an online survey. Two regression analyses examined the direct effect of VBDG on anxiety symptoms and suicide risk with SC as a moderator. Results Results indicated that high levels of SC were protective in the relationship between VBDG and mental health outcomes. On the other hand, lower levels of SC put one at risk for increased anxiety symptoms and higher suicide risk when they experience VBDG. Conclusion The study shows the need to develop interventions that cultivate a high sense of SC in Mexican-descent college students.

Self-compassion and fear of compassion in the treatment of chronic depression: Mechanisms of change?

The aim of this naturalistic process study was to investigate the relationship between self-compassion, fear of compassion from others, and depressive symptoms over the course of psychotherapy in patients with chronic depression. A sample of 226 patients with chronic depression who received inpatient short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) provided weekly self-report measures of self-compassion, fear of compassion, and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Trivariate latent curve modeling with structured residuals was applied to investigate the between- and within-patient relationships among the variables. At the between-patient level, a significant positive correlation was found between slope of depression and the slope of fear of compassion. At the within-patient level, a lower than expected level of fear of compassion predicted a subsequent lower than expected level of depression (mean weekly effect size = 0.12), with a smaller reciprocal relationship (mean weekly effect size = 0.08). There was no significant within-patient effect of self-compassion predicting subsequent depression, but a significant effect of a lower than expected level of depression predicting a subsequent higher than expected level of self-compassion (mean weekly effect size = -0.13). No within-patient effect between self-compassion and fear of compassion was found. In the context of this study, it appears that fear of compassion may be a putative mechanism of change involved in alleviating depressive symptoms in patients with chronic depression treated with STPP. On the other hand, self-compassion appears to be an outcome of psychotherapy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Attachment patterns, self-compassion, and coping strategies in patients with chronic pain.

In the recent year's literature, attachment insecurity is described as a vulnerability factor among patients with chronic pain, associated with poor pain coping, anxiety, depression, catastrophizing, greater pain intensity, and disability. Self-compassion, on the other hand, is described as a protective factor, associated with lower levels of negative affect, catastrophizing, depression, and anxiety in patients with chronic pain. In this study, we aim to explore the association between attachment, self-compassion quality, and coping strategies, in patients with chronic pain. Thus, 134 eligible patients with chronic pain were recruited at the certified Evaluation and Treatment Pain Center of the A. de Rothschild Foundation in Paris. We used a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Relationship Scale Questionnaire (RSQ-RC), the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Brief COPE. Results supported our principal hypothesis; securely attached participants reported a significantly higher global self-compassion score compared with insecurely attached ones. Secure attachment and higher self-compassion levels were positively correlated with functional coping strategies and negatively correlated with dysfunctional ones. Attachment patterns may be the basis of someone's ability to be compassionate to himself and to cope adequately with a difficult situation, such as a chronic pain condition. An attachment-informed approach to pain management could offer a better understanding of the complexity of this clinical condition and potentially provide appropriate support for both patients and health professionals, aiming to improve the effectiveness of interventions.

Exploring the Relationship Between Instagram Use and Self-Criticism, Self-Compassion, and Body Dissatisfaction in the Spanish Population: Observational Study.

The widespread use of online social networks, particularly among the younger demographic, has catalyzed a growing interest in exploring their influence on users' psychological well-being. Instagram (Meta), a visually oriented platform, has garnered significant attention. Prior research has consistently indicated that Instagram usage correlates with heightened levels of perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and diminished self-esteem. Perfectionism is closely linked to self-criticism, which entails an intense self-scrutiny and is often associated with various psychopathologies. Conversely, self-compassion has been linked to reduced levels of perfectionism and stress, while fostering greater positive affect and overall life satisfaction. This study investigates the relationship between Instagram usage (time of use and content exposure) and users' levels of self-compassion, self-criticism, and body dissatisfaction. This study comprised 1051 adult participants aged between 18 and 50 years, either native to Spain or residing in the country for at least a decade. Each participant completed a tailored questionnaire on Instagram usage, along with abbreviated versions of the Self-Compassion Scale, the Body Shape Questionnaire, and the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, spanning from January 23 to February 25, 2022. A positive correlation was observed between daily Instagram usage and self-criticism scores. Participants of all age groups who spent over 3 hours per day on Instagram exhibited higher self-criticism scores than users who spent less than 1 hour or between 1 and 3 hours per day. Contrary to previous findings, no significant relationship was detected between Instagram usage time and levels of self-compassion or body dissatisfaction. Furthermore, content centered around physical appearance exhibited a positive correlation with self-criticism and body dissatisfaction scores. Among younger participants (aged 18-35 years), those who primarily viewed beauty or fashion content reported higher self-criticism scores than those consuming science-related content. However, this association was not significant for participants aged 35-50 years. Conversely, individuals who predominantly engaged with sports or fitness or family or friends content exhibited higher levels of body dissatisfaction than those focusing on science-related content. No significant associations were observed between self-compassion scores and daily Instagram usage or most-viewed content categories. The findings of this study underscore the considerable impact of Instagram usage on self-criticism and body dissatisfaction-2 variables known to influence users' psychological well-being and be associated with various symptoms and psychological disorders.

Influences on the Development of Self-compassion in Adolescents

Self-compassion is an adaptive psychoprotective factor that helps individuals objectively perceive and accept their own encounters or suffering and respond with self-directed kindness. Adolescence is a period of rapid changes in cognitive development, and the superimposition of these changes with academic pressures, etc., is highly likely to lead to adolescents' mental health problems. In this study, we systematically investigate the factors influencing adolescents' self-compassion from physiological, psychological, Wand social perspectives, and clarify the role of self-compassion in adolescents' mental health and the strategies for improving self-compassion for adolescents. Future research on adolescent self-compassion should focus more on internal feelings and physiological factors, pay attention to cultural differences, and purposefully investigate the developmental level of self-compassion and its influencing factors among adolescents of different ages and family types.

자기자비 증진 프로그램개발을 위한 요구분석

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of college students to develop a self-compassion enhancement program and to find out the factors necessary for self-compassion enhancement.&#x0D; Methods From December 12, 2022 to January 3, 2023, a needs assessment was conducted for the development of a self-compassion enhancement program targeting 302 university students across the country. The contents of the questionnaire were composed of the necessity and subject of self-compassion, operation method, factors necessary for self-compassion enhancement and the self-compassion scale, and descriptive questions were added to supplement the limitations of the survey. For data analysis, frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were performed using Window spss 21.0, and additionally analyzed with Excel.&#x0D; Results As for the need for a self-compassion program, 92.7% of male students and 80% of female students recognized that they needed it, The subjects preferred were mindfulness-noticing, interpersonal relationships, and timidity/lack of confidence. As for the operation method, 96% showed a high willingness to participate, and 91.1% responded that the program would be helpful. The operation time required a mixed method of lectures and participation once a week, 60 minutes, 8 sessions. the factors necessary for enhancement self-compassion were psychological comfort (84.1%), interpersonal flexibility (83.3%), self-understanding and understanding of others (82.8%). Other factors include fear of interpersonal relationships and anxiety about public speaking, and the result of the current self-compassion level was 35.3%.&#x0D; Conclusions The factors extracted as a result of this demand survey are meaningful in that basic research was conducted to develop a self-compassion enhancement program for college students.

Navigating The Complexities of Parenting: The Interconnectedness of Forgiveness, Perfectionism, and Self-Compassion

The objective of this research was to examine the causal connections between parents' levels of perfectionism, forgiveness, cognitive distortions, and self-compassion. A relational research approach was used to investigate the associations between variables and forecast potential results, while structural equation modelling was employed to illustrate how different factors are believed to be structurally connected to each other. The study included 384 parents living in the northern part of Cyprus who completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, the Cognitive Distortions in Relationships Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale, and a personal information form for demographic data. Results showed a positive correlation between the scores on the Self-Compassion Scale and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, including self-directed perfectionism, perfectionism towards others, and socially perceived perfectionism. The structural equation model indicated that there was a statistically significant and positive association between the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, and Self-Compassion Scale scores. Furthermore, it predicted a statistically significant and negative association with the scores on the Cognitive Distortions in Relationships Scale.