Components Of Self-compassion Research Articles

Internalized Transnegativity, Self-Warmth, Self-Coldness, and Eating Disorder Symptomatology Among Transgender and Nonbinary Adults.

Eating disorders (EDs) are highly prevalent among transgender and nonbinary (TNB) adults, and internalized transnegativity is a key risk factor for ED symptomatology. Although extant literature has established that self-compassion protects against EDs among the cisgender population, research among TNB adults is nascent. The current study sought to identify whether internalized transnegativity and components of self-compassion (i.e., self-warmth and self-coldness) were independently associated with ED symptomatology, and whether the components of self-compassion moderated the relation between internalized transnegativity and ED symptomatology. An international sample of 127 TNB adults aged between 18 and 69 years (M = 32.24, SD = 11.12) completed the Transgender Identity Survey, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Screen for Disordered Eating via an online survey. Simple linear regression models were run, followed by moderation analyses. Internalized transnegativity and self-coldness were associated with ED symptomatology, but self-warmth was not. Self-warmth and self-coldness did not moderate the relation between internalized transnegativity and ED symptomatology. The results highlight that self-coldness and, to a lesser extent, internalized transnegativity account for a significant portion of the variance in ED symptomatology among TNB adults. Although these effect sizes were small, they have important clinical implications. Future research should take alternative analytical approaches to examine how self-warmth, self-coldness, and internalized transnegativity are related to ED symptomatology among TNB adults.

Perceived social support and psychological wellbeing: testing the moderated mediation model of self-compassion and culture.

Self-compassion and self-coldness mediate the relationship between perceived social support and wellbeing, depression, anxiety and stress. However, this mediation has not been studied in intercultural contexts yet. The current crosssectional study explores the mediation effects of both constructs among Arabs and Jews in Israel. Participants were 496 adults-309 Jews (62.3%) and 187 Arabs (37.7%) with an average age of 40.3. Respondents completed online standardized measures of self-compassion, self-coldness, perceived social support, wellbeing, depression, anxiety, and stress. The data were analyzed using PROCESS macro model 4 and 59. Testing the indirect effects of self-compassion and self-coldness on the relationship between perceived social support and wellbeing facets, we found a mediation effect for both constructs. We also found that culture moderated the mediation processes and found a stronger mediation effect for self-compassion among Arabs than Jews, but no moderation of culture on the mediation effect of self-coldness. These results emphasize the importance of considering cultural context when designing support interventions aimed at promoting wellbeing by enhancing self-compassion. The differential mediation effect by self-compassion and self-coldness contributes to growing research pointing to a need to further explore the influence of different components of self-compassion in different cultures.

Associations between self-compassion and moral injury among healthcare workers: A cross-sectional study.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) can face situations that conflict with their moral beliefs, leading to moral injury, an adverse psychological consequence that was more frequent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-compassion is a potential coping mechanism for moral injury by encouraging acceptance of human limitations and suffering. This study aimed to examine the associations between self-compassion components and moral injury prevalence among HCWs in Quebec, Canada, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study design was employed. Participants: and research context: The sample of this study consisted of HCWs and leaders from the Quebec province. Participants completed validated self-administered questionnaires assessing both positive and negative self-compassion components (self-kindness vs self-judgment; common humanity vs isolation; and mindfulness vs overidentification) and moral injury dimensions (self-oriented and other-oriented). Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between self-compassion components and moral injury dimensions were modeled using Poison robust regressions. The models were adjusted for various covariates, including sex, age, gender, and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the ethics committee of the Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale in Quebec, Canada. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participating in the study. Additionally, permission was sought and obtained from the original authors of the tools used in this study, including the self-compassion and moral injury scales. The study involved 572 HCWs (60.5% nurses) and leaders. Around half of the participants (50.70%) exhibited moderate levels of self-compassion, while the prevalence of low levels of self-compassion ranged from 21.68% to 48.08% for the positive subscales and from 23.78% to 44.41% for the negative subscales. Regarding moral injury, 10.14% of participants reported moderate to high self-oriented moral injury, 29.19% reported moderate to high other-oriented moral injury, and 13.81% demonstrated moderate to high total moral injury. Higher self-compassion levels were associated with lower moral injury prevalence. HCWs with high self-compassion had a 93% lower likelihood of experiencing moral injury (PR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03-0.19). Self-kindness demonstrated the strongest association with reduced moral injury (PR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.11-0.52), followed by mindfulness (PR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.18-0.75). However, common humanity did not show a statistically significant association with moral injury prevalence. These findings suggest a potential association between self-compassion and reduced prevalence of moral injury among HCWs, highlighting promising interventions to manage moral injury during crises. Such initiatives could promote the mental wellbeing of HCWs and preventing the negative consequences of moral injury, including anxiety, depression, and burnout.

Assessing Self-Compassion in Older Adults: Factorial Structure of the Self-Compassion Scale and Invariance Across Sex at Birth

ObjectivesSelf-compassion is a valuable resource for positive ageing and should be measured in a reliable and valid manner. However, findings regarding the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) have been inconsistent and have been particularly lacking in older adults. Hence, the present study intended to investigate the factor structure, internal consistency, and measurement invariance across sex at birth of the SCS in adults ≥ 65 years old.MethodThe present study used a sample of 418 community-dwelling, Portuguese older adults aged 65–94 years (M = 74.45, SD = 6.94; 59.3% female). Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test six different measurement models, and reliability and multigroup analyses were performed for the best fitting model.ResultsAlthough all models initially showed poor adjustment, the correlated 6-factor model had the comparatively better fit. After modifications, this model achieved an acceptable fit (RMSEA = 0.060 and SRMR = 0.062). Internal consistency of this model was adequate (Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.67 to 0.86) and strong invariance across sex at birth was demonstrated (i.e., configural, metric, and scalar models showed non-significant Δχ2).ConclusionsCurrent findings suggest that assessing the self-compassion components is advised in older adults, as this 6-component model was reliable and provided an acceptable fit for both male and female older adults. This 6-component model is a parsimonious, theoretically sound, and statistically valid option to assess self-compassion in this population. It is, however, not an ideal solution, and an acceptable fit was only achieved after modifications in the initial 6-component model.PreregistrationThis study is not preregistered.

How Self-Compassion Components Develop in Adolescents? Evidence from Cross-Lagged Panel Network Analysis with Gender Considerations

How Self-Compassion Components Develop in Adolescents? Evidence from Cross-Lagged Panel Network Analysis with Gender Considerations

The associations between self-compassion and adult attachment: A meta-analysis

Objectives: Self-compassion, the capacity to hold a compassionate attitude towards oneself without self-criticism when in distress, has been conceptualized to originate from receiving secure caregiving. Attachment theory offers a framework to explain self-compassion as effective coping with resources from healthy activation of the attachment system. Recent research has increasingly explored the connections between self-compassion and attachment security. Our meta-analysis seeks to consolidate existing evidence by statistically synthesizing findings on the relationship between self-compassion and the two dimensions of attachment: anxiety and avoidance. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted, and based on the inclusion criteria, the authors found data from 46 studies with a total size of 17,650 participants. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed journals and dissertations published in English that used quantitative and validated methods to measure attachment and self-compassion in participants aged 16 years and older. Results: We found robust negative correlations between self-compassion and both attachment anxiety ( r = −.42) and avoidance ( r = −.32), with age significantly moderating the relationship between avoidance and self-compassion. Subscale analyses suggested that each of the six components of self-compassion is significantly associated with attachment insecurity. Conclusions: The results highlight the robust associations between self-compassion and adult attachment, as well as significant associations between the individual components of self-compassion and adult attachment. Additionally, age emerges as a potentially influential moderator. Future research should further examine the causal mechanism of these associations and include correlations for self-compassion’s individual dimensions.

A network analysis of self-compassion and burnout in a sample of nurses.

In the nursing profession, the concept of self-compassion has been associated with burnout. However, to date, the fine-grained relationships between different dimensions of self-compassion and symptoms of burnout have not been investigated. Network analysis provides a new avenue for exploring the fine-grained correlation paths of two related variables. To analyse the nuanced associations between self-compassion and burnout using network analysis in a large cohort of Chinese nurses. A cross-sectional multi-centre survey design study. Participants were recruited from 30 hospitals in China between April and May 2022. These nurses completed the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (C-MBI-GS) and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF). Network analysis was performed to illustrate the complex nuanced relationships between self-compassion and burnout. A total of 1467 nurses (age 32.2 [18-56] years; 89.9% were female) participated in the study. Nodes Mindfulness and Isolation had the highest centralities measured by strength. Nodes Mindfulness, reduced personal accomplishment and Isolation were the most negative and positive influential nodes that bridged self-compassion and burnout. There were no differences in terms of gender, age, professional title and job tenure in the structure or connectivity of the self-compassion and burnout network. Different components of self-compassion were specifically associated with different dimensions of burnout in registered nurses. Among these, Mindfulness, Isolation and Reduced personal accomplishment were the three most important components of self-compassion for burnout symptoms. No patient or public contribution. Understanding the intricate connections between self-compassion and burnout will allow hospital administrators to prioritize the elements of Mindfulness and Isolation within self-compassion and the dimension of Reduced personal accomplishment within burnout when designing preventative measures and interventions aimed at reducing nurse burnout.

Predicting Adherence to Treatment in the Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes Based on Interpersonal Conflicts and Self-compassion

Background and Aims Treatment adherence is a key factor in improving patient safety and the quality of care according to the needs of older people. Non-adherence prevents older adults from accessing the best treatment, and this issue may be especially problematic in chronic medical conditions. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the relationship between interpersonal conflicts and self-compassion with treatment adherence in the elderly with type 2 diabetes. Methods The method of this research was descriptive and correlational. The study’s statistical population included all older people with type 2 diabetes referred to the endocrinology clinic of the fifth district of Tehran City, Iran, during the first 6 months of 2023. Based on the formula of Tabachnick and Fidell (2007), 138 people were randomly selected as a sample. In this research, Rahim’s standard interpersonal conflict resolution style questionnaire, self-compassion scale, and treatment adherence questionnaire were used. Finally, the data was entered into SPSS software, version 26 to check the correlation between the variables, and the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used simultaneously to analyze the data. Results This research showed that interpersonal conflicts predict 29.9% and self-compassion 26.5% of changes in treatment adherence. Among these, the components of interpersonal conflict styles included integrity (r=0.24), avoidant (r=-0.33), and required (r=-0.17), and the components of self-compassion, including self-kindness (r=0.24), avoiding self-judgment (r=0.21) and absence of over-identification (r=0.17) can predict treatment compliance in older people with type 2 diabetes Conclusion This research has shown that interpersonal conflicts and self-compassion have a positive and significant relationship with treatment adherence in older people with type 2 diabetes and can predict treatment compliance in these older people.

Measuring self-compassion in people living with dementia: investigating the validity of the Self-Compassion Scale-Short form (SCS-SF)

Objectives Self-compassion may be a psychological resource for living well with dementia, but research is limited by the lack of a validated self-compassion measure for people with dementia. This study aimed to explore the SCS-SF’s psychometric properties as well as correlates of self-compassion for people with dementia. Method A total of 207 people with dementia were recruited to a cross-sectional survey involving the SCS-SF and measures of well-being, self-esteem, and depression. Data analyses (n = 193) included internal consistency reliability, correlational analyses, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), plus ANOVAs and t-tests. Results Self-compassion significantly correlated positively with well-being and self-esteem, and negatively with depression. Reliability and preliminary construct validity of the SCS-SF was supported. EFA suggested two underlying factors formed by positive and negative components of self-compassion. The negative factor explained more variance and showed stronger correlations with total self-compassion, well-being, self-esteem, and depression compared to the positive factor. Self-compassion significantly differed based on age but not gender, dementia subtype or time since diagnosis. Conclusion The SCS-SF shows potential as a valid and reliable measure of self-compassion for people with dementia, but further research is needed. The SCS-SF may measure two distinct constructs, which possibly play different roles in relation to well-being in dementia: self-compassion and self-criticism. Clinicians and researchers may wish to interpret these factors separately.

Receiving self-compassion in the virtual world: Testing the potential value of biofeedback

Self-compassion training has been shown to deliver mental health benefits and preliminary evidence suggests it might also be possible to deliver these benefits effectively via virtual reality (VR) technology. However, which features of the VR training environment influence these training benefits remains poorly understood. This study was designed to provide the first empirical test of the potential value of visual biofeedback during self-compassion training. It was theorised that the provision of biofeedback may increase the benefits of training by increasing mindfulness, a core component of self-compassion. Sixty participants were randomly allocated to one of two experimental conditions, both of which comprised VR-based self-compassion training, but only one of which included visual biofeedback (a red pulsating light representing heart rate). Relative to scores at baseline, participants reported greater self-compassion, and lower self-criticism, anxiety, and stress after VR self-compassion training. However, the provision of biofeedback did not influence the strength of these training effects. These data provide further evidence that VR administered self-compassion training may deliver potentially important mental health benefits, but also meaningfully extends this literature by proving the first evidence that visual biofeedback does not influence the strength of these benefits.

Self-Compassion, Resilience and Mental Health in Community Adults.

To investigate the associations among self-compassion, resilience and mental health of community residents. Cross-sectional study. Voluntary survey of web-based, posters-based platform. 453 community residents. Participants living in Kaohsiung, Taiwan were recruited from posters, online advertisements based platforms and were assessed with the self-compassion scale (SCS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and The Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-scale) measures during the period from March 1 to October 31, 2023. After adjusting for age, gender and education, stepwise regression analysis revealed that isolation, self-judgment, and control accounted for 14% of the variance in depressive symptoms (CES-D) (adjusted R2 = .149, P < .05). Over-identification, self-kindness and control accounted for 26% of the variance in satisfaction with life (SWLS) (adjusted R2 = .263, P < .001). Over-identification, self-kindness, isolation, control and personal competence and tenacity accounted for 37% of the variance in positive mental health (PMH-scale) (adjusted R2 = .375, P < .05). Findings suggested that components of self-compassion and resilience may be important factors that promote positive mental health and provide potential interventions for professionals to increase the well-being of community residents.

Studying the phenomenon of self-compassion in the context of preventing academic procrastination

Introduction. Currently, the presence of procrastination causes contradictions in modern conditions of society, which places special demands on the independence, initiative, motivation and responsibility of the individual. Scientific research describes in sufficient detail the factors that cause procrastination. There is less research on the relationship between procrastination and such an aspect of personality as self-compassion. The purpose of our study is to examine the relationship between procrastination and self-compassion among university students. Materials and methods. The sample consisted of 157 students of the St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, of which 77 boys and 80 girls aged 19 to 22 years. The assumption that procrastination depends on self-compassion and self-esteem was tested using the Self-Compassion Scale by K. Neff, adapted by K.A. Chistopolskaya et al., test «Degree of severity of procrastination» (SVP) by M.A. Kiseleva, N.E. Shustova, O.V. Karina and the test «Personal Self-Esteem» by O.I. Motkova. The obtained empirical results were verified using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Student's t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Results. It was revealed that 28% of students have a high level of self-compassion, 69% have an average level, 3% do not show self-compassion. The level of self-compassion among girls was significantly higher (79.3±10.0) than among boys (75.5±12.2). There is a negative relationship between indicators of self-compassion and indicators of procrastination: with a high level of self-compassion in a student, motivational insufficiency (r=- 0.24; p≤0.05), procrastination (r=-0.21; p≤0.05), anxiety (r=-0.31; p≤0.05). A positive relationship between self-compassion and self-esteem indicators was found. As a result of regression analysis, two components of self-compassion influencing procrastination were identified: self-isolation (B = -0.44) and excessive identification with negative emotions (B = -0.24). Conclusion. The results obtained show the need to develop self-compassion as a factor reducing personal procrastination.

THE EFFECT OF SELF-COMPASSION ON DEPRESSION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN YOGYAKARTA

The phenomenon of low mental health among Indonesian university students is of concern to experts, professionals, and the public. The high prevalence of depression around university students is an indication of this. The present study aims to determine the effect of self-compassion on depression among university students in Special Region of Yogyakarta. The study involved 280 individuals who were registered as active students at universities in Yogyakarta. The Self-Compassion Scale and the DASS-42 depression subscale were employed as the measurements. The data analysis techniques used were product moment and regression analysis. The objective of product moment is to discover how self-compassion affects depression in university students. Regression analysis is used to analyze the respective contributions of each component of self-compassion to depression in university students. The proposed hypothesis is that there is influence self-compassion towards students’ depression and the contribution of each aspect of self-compassion to students’ depression.

Self-Warmth, Self-Coldness, and Depressive Symptoms Among Sexual Minority Adults

Depression is more prevalent among sexual minority adults than heterosexual adults. Whilst research has shown self-compassion is related to lower levels of depressive symptoms, few studies have focused on sexual minority adults. Furthermore, few studies have examined the relationship between the positive (self-warmth) and negative (self-coldness) components of self-compassion and depressive symptoms. This study aimed to investigate whether self-warmth and self-coldness were associated with depressive symptoms among sexual minority adults and whether these relations were moderated by gender and sexual orientation. An international sample of 439 sexual minority women aged 18 to 69 years (M = 30.21, SD = 10.70) and 391 sexual minority men aged 18 to 71 years (M = 32.20, SD = 11.74) completed the Center for Epidemiology-Depression Scale and the Self-Compassion Scale. Results indicated both self-warmth and self-coldness were significantly associated with depressive symptoms, however, self-coldness explained more unique variance (12%) than self-warmth (1%). Higher levels of self-warmth were significantly associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms and the association was not conditional on gender or sexual orientation. Higher levels of self-coldness were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. This association was conditional on sexual orientation but not gender. The association was stronger for bisexual adults than monosexual adults. Interventions such as compassion-focused therapy that target self-coldness among sexual minority adults may be beneficial for reducing depressive symptoms, particularly bisexual adults.

Individual Differences in Risk and Protective Factors: The Role of Self-Compassion Components among Emergency Responders.

This study investigates individual differences in protective and risk factors among rescue workers (RWs), particularly Red Cross members, to optimize well-being and job performance under high-stress conditions. Employing a person-centered approach, two psychological profiles were identified: an adaptively resilient profile and a maladaptively vulnerable profile, characterized by distinct personality traits, coping methods, life events, and social support networks. A notable external criterion, self-compassion, discerned the profiles with maladaptively vulnerable individuals who exhibited higher self-judgment, social isolation, and emotional over-identification. The study also examined the impact of job roles on these profiles, discovering a prevalence of adaptive resilience among drivers, contrasting with team members who displayed maladaptive resilience and lower self-compassion scores. These insights suggest a nuanced method for identifying RWs who require specialized support, proposing tailored interventions, especially those enhancing self-compassion. The study, through an extensive psychological metric analysis, provides a deeper comprehension of resilience and vulnerability among RWs. This research highlights the importance of recognizing individual differences in protective and risk factors, thereby contributing to the enhancement of mental health and resilience in high-stress professions.

Relationship between rumination, self-compassion, and psychological health among Japanese university students: A cross-sectional study.

Rumination is suggested to exacerbate psychological health, but there is room for investigating the potential protecting factors for individuals with high ruminative tendencies against psychological symptoms. The present cross-sectional study aimed to uncover the associations between rumination as a maladaptive dimension of self-focus, self-compassion, and psychological health, and whether and how components of self-compassion may moderate the associations between rumination and psychological health in Japanese undergraduate students. A questionnaire survey was conducted by using both an online platform and a paper-based questionnaire. The survey included established Japanese versions of psychological scales on rumination, self-compassion, perceived stress, trait anxiety, and depression. The results revealed statistically significant positive correlations between rumination and negative dimensions of self-compassion, and rumination and psychological symptoms. Positive dimensions of self-compassion were significantly negatively correlated with both rumination and psychological symptoms. Reflection as a positive dimension of self-focus did not show significant correlations with most psychological variables. Furthermore, hierarchical multiple regression analyses involving subscales of self-compassion and their interactions with rumination as predictors revealed that the interactions between rumination and components of self-compassion, i.e., over-identification and mindfulness, significantly predicted trait anxiety. Higher rumination predicted higher anxiety when over-identification was high, but not when over-identification was low. Also, lower rumination predicted lower anxiety when mindfulness was high, but not when mindfulness was low. The results suggest significant associations between rumination, components of self-compassion, and psychological health in a population of Japanese undergraduate students. The data also suggest that components of self-compassion play moderating roles in the relationship between rumination and psychological health, potentially serving as aggravating/protective factors for psychological health. Longitudinal studies and comparisons between different cultures should be conducted in the future quest.

Self-compassion as a factor in the deradicalisation of extremist offenders

The present study investigates the role of self-compassion in generating change amongst violent extremists through a study of terrorist prisoners in Indonesia. The aim is to provide insights into the under-explored role of self-transformation and agency in the deradicalisation process by applying Neff’s concept of self-compassion, which comprises psychological processes of self-kindness, perceptions of common humanity, and mindfulness. The study draws on qualitative data derived from interviews with three terrorist inmates incarcerated in Porong Prison, Indonesia. All three participants were at the time of the interview participating in a deradicalisation program implemented in the prison. Interview data indicate that the components of self-compassion play a role in self-change reported by terrorist inmates. This included the expression of remorse, seeking God's forgiveness, the acceptance of consequences and human frailty, and the ability to not linger or fixate on negative thoughts and past decisions and actions. The results of this study indicate that self-compassion is a potentially important element in the deradicalisation process, and that the development of self-compassion is an additional method by which interventions can assist the process of desistance from violent extremism.

Understanding the Relationship Between the Multidimensional Perfectionism and Self-Compassion in Adults: The Effect of Age.

Literature suggests that perfectionism is associated to self-compassion. However, the multiple relationships between the types of perfectionism (adaptive, maladaptive and non-perfectionists) and the multidimensional construct of self-compassion have not been thoroughly examined. To this end, the present study aimed (a) to examine the relationships between the types of perfectionism and the self-compassion components in an adult sample and (b) to check the effect of age on the relationship between the perfectionistic types and the self-compassion components. Participants were 509 adults aged 18 to 65 years. Self-report questionnaires were used to collect the data. Results indicated that High Standards positively predicted all self-compassion components while Discrepancy positively predicted Self-judgment and Isolation and overidentification and negatively predicted Self-Kindness and mindfulness and Common humanity. In addition, it was found that adaptive perfectionists and non-perfectionists reported higher levels on the positive components of self-compassion and lower levels on its negative components, compared to maladaptive perfectionists. With respect to age, participants in established (30-45 years) and middle (46-65 years) adulthood reported higher levels on the positive self-compassion components and lower levels on its negative components compared to young adults (18-29 years), while participants in emerging adulthood scored higher on both the dimensions of perfectionism (adaptive and maladaptive) compared to participants in established and middle adulthood. Finally, age moderated only the relationship between adaptive perfectionism and Isolation and overidentification. Future directions and implications are being discussed.

The Role of Self-Compassion and Attributions in the Mental Health of Older Adolescents amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study aimed to examine the relationship among self-compassion, attributional styles, and mental health and their components in older adolescents in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The role of each component of self-compassion (self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness, self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification) and attributions (globality, stability, self-worth, and negative consequences) in predicting mental health was also analyzed. There were 322 participants aged 18 to 22 that participated in an online survey. The participants filled out a form that consisted of sociodemographic questions, COVID-19-related questions, the Self-Compassion Scale, the Mental Health Continuum-short form-and the Cognitive Styles Questionnaire-very short form. The results indicated moderate levels of self-compassion, attributions, and mental health in participants. Furthermore, gender differences in self-compassion were confirmed, meaning that male participants had higher total levels of self-compassion, and certain differences were observed on attribution subscales, but not on well-being subscales. Self-compassion and mental health were found to be positively correlated with each other and negatively correlated with negative attributions. Of the four attributional components, stability and negative consequences were revealed to be significant negative predictors in the first step but lost their significance with the inclusion of self-compassion components in the second step of the analysis. Regarding the six components of self-compassion, self-kindness, recoded isolation, and common humanity were significant positive predictors in the second step of the analysis. COVID-19-related items did not show any significant intergroup differences. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between positive mental health, self-compassion, and attributions in older adolescents so that they can be used as theoretical support for related interventions, especially during and after times of crisis, such as a pandemic.

The network dynamics of self-compassion components and psychological symptoms during an intervention.

The change process of psychological interventions is complex and should be understood with a systems perspective. This study sought to examine the network dynamics of self-compassion components and psychological symptoms during an intervention. A total of 139 participants completed daily assessments during a 28-day intervention. Utilizing multilevel vector autoregressive (VAR) model, temporal and contemporaneous networks were generated and group differences in network dynamics were evaluated through descriptive assessment and permutation tests. The intervention group displayed a significant increase in self-compassion and decrease in psychological symptoms, with self-compassion mediating the intervention effects on symptoms. Network analysis revealed some network dynamics that might be relevant to desirable therapeutic changes in the intervention group. The intervention group demonstrated a significantly less connected contemporaneous depression network, indicating a decreased vulnerability to symptom activation. Additionally, the intervention group showed significantly more temporal connections from self-compassion to anxiety, indicating an increased influence of self-compassion on anxiety. These findings suggest that the intervention may have reshaped the interconnection pattern of symptoms and that between self-compassion components and symptoms.