Self-care Of People Research Articles

Relationships of Psychosocial Factors to Diabetes Self-efficacy: A Cross-sectional, Correlational Study.

Self-care in people with diabetes is poor, which could be influenced by positive and negative psychosocial factors. Self-efficacy is an important factor affecting self-care, and depressive symptoms and diabetes distress may directly and indirectly affect self-efficacy. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of depressive symptoms, diabetes distress, age, sex, self-compassion, resilience, self-esteem, and social support to diabetes self-efficacy and the mediating roles of diabetes distress and depressive symptoms in the relationships among people with diabetes. In this cross-sectional, correlational study, data on all the psychosocial and demographic factors were collected (N = 148; 57.6 years old) through Research Electronic Data Capture in 2023. The PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to address the purpose. The mean score of diabetes self-efficacy was 28.6 (range, 8-40). In 1 model, depressive symptoms were directly and indirectly associated with diabetes self-efficacy through diabetes distress (direct effect, -3.524; t = -3.020, P = .003; indirect effect, -2.089; 95% bootstrap confidence interval, -3.494 to -0.911). In another model, diabetes distress was directly and indirectly associated with diabetes self-efficacy through depressive symptoms (direct effect, -3.778; t = -3.638, P < .001; indirect effect, -0.785; 95% bootstrap confidence interval, -1.868 to -0.089). In addition, self-esteem was associated with both depressive symptoms and diabetes distress. Resilience was associated with diabetes self-efficacy in 1 model. Negative psychological factors were directly and indirectly associated with diabetes self-efficacy. Depressive symptoms, diabetes distress, self-esteem, and resilience can be important targets of interventions to improve diabetes self-efficacy.

Improving foot self-care in people with diabetes in Ghana: A development and feasibility randomised trial of a context appropriate, family-orientated diabetic footcare intervention.

Africa presents a higher diabetic foot ulcer prevalence estimate of 7.2% against global figures of 6.3%. Engaging family members in self-care education interventions has been shown to be effective at preventing diabetes-related foot ulcers. This study culturally adapted and tested the feasibility and acceptability of an evidence-based footcare family intervention in Ghana. The initial phase of the study involved stakeholder engagement, comprising Patient Public Involvement activities and interviews with key informant nurses and people with diabetes (N = 15). In the second phase, adults at risk of diabetes-related foot ulcers and nominated caregivers (N = 50 dyads) participated in an individually randomised feasibility trial of the adapted intervention (N = 25) compared to usual care (N = 25). The study aimed to assess feasibility outcomes and to identify efficacy signals on clinical outcomes at 12 weeks post randomisation. Patient reported outcomes were foot care behaviour, foot self-care efficacy, diabetes knowledge and caregiver diabetes distress. Adjustments were made to the evidence-based intervention to reflect the literacy, information needs and preferences of stakeholders and to develop a context appropriate diabetic foot self-care intervention. A feasibility trial was then conducted which met all recruitment, retention, data quality and randomisation progression criteria. At 12 weeks post randomisation, efficacy signals favoured the intervention group on improved footcare behaviour, foot self-care efficacy, diabetes knowledge and reduced diabetes distress. Future implementation issues to consider include the staff resources needed to deliver the intervention, family members availability to attend in-person sessions and consideration of remote intervention delivery. A contextual family-oriented foot self-care education intervention is feasible, acceptable, and may improve knowledge and self-care with the potential to decrease diabetes-related complications. The education intervention is a strategic approach to improving diabetes care and prevention of foot disease, especially in settings with limited diabetes care resources. Future research will investigate the possibility of remote delivery to better meet patient and staff needs. Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR) - PACTR202201708421484: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=19363 or pactr.samrc.ac.za/Search.aspx.

Six-Month Pilot Testing of a Digital Health Tool to Support Effective Self-Care in People With Heart Failure: Mixed Methods Study.

Digital tools may support people to self-manage their heart failure (HF). Having previously outlined the human-centered design development of a digital tool to support self-care of HF, the next step was to pilot the tool over a period of time to establish people's acceptance of it in practice. This study aims to conduct an observational pilot study to examine the usability, adherence, and feasibility of a digital health tool for HF within the Irish health care system. A total of 19 participants with HF were provided with a digital tool comprising a mobile app and the Fitbit Charge 4 and Aria Air smart scales for a period of 6 months. Changes to their self-care were assessed before and after the study with the 9-item European HF Self-care Behavior Scale (EHFScBS) and the Minnesota Living with HF Questionnaire (MLwHFQ) using a Wilcoxon signed rank test. After the study, 3 usability questionnaires were implemented and descriptively analyzed: the System Usability Scale (SUS), Wearable Technology Motivation Scale (WTMS), and Comfort Rating Scale (CRS). Participants also undertook a semistructured interview regarding their experiences with the digital tool. Interviews were analyzed deductively using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Participants wore their devices for an average of 86.2% of the days in the 6-month testing period ranging from 40.6% to 98%. Although improvements in the EHFScBS and MLwHFQ were seen, these changes were not significant (P=.10 and P=.70, respectively, where P>.03, after a Bonferroni correction). SUS results suggest that the usability of this system was not acceptable with a median score of 58.8 (IQR 55.0-60.0; range 45.0-67.5). Participants demonstrated a strong motivation to use the system according to the WTMS (median 6.0, IQR 5.0-7.0; range 1.0-7.0), whereas the Fitbit was considered very comfortable as demonstrated by the low CRS results (median 0.0, IQR 0.0-0.0; range 0.0-2.0). According to participant interviews, the digital tool supported self-management through increased knowledge, improved awareness, decision-making, and confidence in their own data, and improving their social support through a feeling of comfort in being watched. The digital health tool demonstrated high levels of adherence and acceptance among participants. Although the SUS results suggest low usability, this may be explained by participants uncertainty that they were using it fully, rather than it being unusable, especially given the experiences documented in their interviews. The digital tool targeted key self-management behaviors and feelings of social support. However, a number of changes to the tool, and the health service, are required before it can be implemented at scale. A full-scale feasibility trial conducted at a wider level is required to fully determine its potential effectiveness and wider implementation needs.

Evaluation of the nurse-assisted eHealth intervention ‘eHealth@Hospital-2-Home’ on self-care by patients with heart failure and colorectal cancer post-hospital discharge: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundPatients with heart failure (HF) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are prone to comorbidity, a high rate of readmission, and complex healthcare needs. Self-care for people with HF and CRC after hospitalisation can be challenging, and patients may leave the hospital unprepared to self-manage their disease at home. eHealth solutions may be a beneficial tool to engage patients in self-care.MethodsA randomised controlled trial with an embedded evaluation of intervention engagement and cost-effectiveness will be conducted to investigate the effect of eHealth intervention after hospital discharge on the self-efficacy of self-care. Eligible patients with HF or CRC will be recruited before discharge from two Norwegian university hospitals. The intervention group will use a nurse-assisted intervention—eHealth@Hospital-2-Home—for six weeks. The intervention includes remote monitoring of vital signs; patients’ self-reports of symptoms, health and well-being; secure messaging between patients and hospital-based nurse navigators; and access to specific HF and CRC health-related information. The control group will receive routine care. Data collection will take place before the intervention (baseline), at the end of the intervention (Post-1), and at six months (Post-2). The primary outcome will be self-efficacy in self-care. The secondary outcomes will include measures of burden of treatment, health-related quality of life and 30- and 90-day readmissions. Sub-study analyses are planned in the HF patient population with primary outcomes of self-care behaviour and secondary outcomes of medication adherence, and readmission at 30 days, 90 days and 6 months. Patients’ and nurse navigators’ engagement and experiences with the eHealth intervention and cost-effectiveness will be investigated. Data will be analysed according to intention-to-treat principles. Qualitative data will be analysed using thematic analysis.DiscussionThis protocol will examine the effects of the eHealth@ Hospital-2-Home intervention on self-care in two prevalent patient groups, HF and CRC. It will allow the exploration of a generic framework for an eHealth intervention after hospital discharge, which could be adapted to other patient groups, upscaled, and implemented into clinical practice.Trial registrationClinical trials.gov (ID 301472).

PERSPECTIVAS DOS ENFERMEIROS SOBRE O USO DE APLICATIVOS MÓVEIS PARA O AUTOCUIDADO NAS DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the nurses’ perspective on the possibility of incorporating the use of mobile applications into their care practice as a strategy for promoting self-care in people with chronic diseases. Method: an exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data were collected between the months of February and March 2023 with 10 nurses who were Master’s degree students in Community Nursing in the Family Health Nursing area from a higher education institution in Nursing in Portugal. The data were analyzed using the content analysis technique proposed by Bardin. The MAXQDA software program was used to facilitate and accelerate qualitative data analysis through coding and categorization. Results: the results were organized into two main categories: challenges for managing the therapeutic regimen and self-care; and strategies for promoting self-care in chronic diseases from the perspective of nurses. The challenges during the Covid-19 pandemic generated elements which hinder and facilitate management of the therapeutic regimen and self-care in people with chronic diseases. From the nurses’ perspective, the use of mobile applications can facilitate promoting self-care in people with chronic illnesses. Conclusion: chronic disease control heavily depends on people’s behaviors and self-management of the disease. The nurses in this study considered that the use of mobile applications can help both healthcare professionals and people with chronic illnesses in promoting health and in the self-care process.

Self-care for people with heart failure: the importance of tele-nursing in the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumo Objetivo: descrever fatores de influência da telenfermagem na tomada de decisão naturalista sobre o autocuidado de pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca durante a COVID-19. Método: estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, com 16 participantes entrevistados após hospitalização pela descompensação da insuficiência cardíaca. Os dados foram coletados por tecnologia de áudio e vídeo e submetidos à análise de conteúdo, norteada pela Teoria de Situação Específica do Autocuidado da Insuficiência Cardíaca. Resultados: duas categorias temáticas emergiram da análise: Autocuidado como processo de tomada de decisão e Fatores que influenciam a tomada de decisão, as quais descrevem a telenfermagem como recurso de apoio à pessoa com insuficiência cardíaca, durante modificações de atendimento no período pandêmico. Conclusão: foi possível compreender a relação entre a telenfermagem e o estabelecimento de vínculo, de maneira a estimular a tomada de decisão naturalista pela pessoa com insuficiência cardíaca em seu cotidiano de forma coerente, impulsionando melhores resultados em saúde.

Autocuidado de pessoas com Insuficiência Cardíaca: a importância da telenfermagem na pandemia da COVID-19

Abstract Objective: to describe factors of influence of telenursing on naturalistic decision making about self-care of people with heart failure during COVID-19. Method: this is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, with 16 participants interviewed after hospitalization for decompensated heart failure. The data was collected using audio and video technology and submitted to content analysis, guided by the Situation-Specific Theory of Heart Failure Self-Care. Result: two thematic categories emerged from the analysis: Self-care as a decision-making process and Factors influencing decision-making, which describe tele-nursing as a support resource for people with heart failure, during changes in care in the pandemic period. Conclusion: it was possible to understand the relationship between telenursing and the establishment of a bond, in order to stimulate naturalistic decision-making by people with heart failure in their daily lives in a coherent way, leading to better health outcomes.

Self-care for people with heart failure: the importance of tele-nursing in the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumen Objetivo: describir factores de influencia de la teleenfermería en la toma de decisión naturalista sobre el autocuidado de personas con insuficiencia cardíaca durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio descriptivo de enfoque cualitativo, con 16 participantes entrevistados tras la hospitalización por la descompensación de la insuficiencia cardíaca. Los datos se recopilaron mediante tecnología de audio y vídeo y se sometieron a análisis de contenido, guiado por la Teoría de Situación Específica del Autocuidado de la Insuficiencia Cardíaca. Resultados: dos categorías temáticas surgieron del análisis: Autocuidado como proceso de toma de decisión y Factores que influyen en la toma de decisión, las cuales describen a la teleenfermería como recurso de apoyo a la persona con insuficiencia cardíaca, durante modificaciones de atención en el período pandémico. Conclusión: fue posible comprender la relación entre la teleenfermería y el establecimiento de vínculo, de manera a estimular la toma de decisión naturalista por la persona con insuficiencia cardíaca en su cotidianidad de forma coherente, impulsando mejores resultados en salud.

Nursing intervention in the care of patients with diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects millions of people around the world. It is characterized by an imbalance in blood glucose levels, which can have serious long-term health consequences. Proper care of patients with diabetes mellitus is essential to control the disease and prevent complications. Nursing intervention plays a crucial role in the care of patients with diabetes mellitus. Nurses are trained to provide comprehensive and personalized care, addressing both the physical and emotional aspects of the disease. Objective: The objective of this research project is to know what diabetes mellitus is, its care and to analyze a case study that has a reliability and significance instrument. Method: The qualitative method of systematic review was selected through the PRISMA selection method, in which through the selection processes an article is defined which meets all the selection filters. Results: Through the participation of 34 nursing professionals who work in health institutions of the first level of care in the state of Puebla. Based on the results of the pilot test, a final test was carried out with a descriptive and cross-sectional design, using convenience sampling. The total sample consisted of 148 nursing professionals from a Health Center with Expanded Services in the State of Puebla. Conclusion: Through this review, information was obtained on various nursing interventions carried out in different parts of the world with the aim of promoting self-care in patients with diabetes mellitus. These interventions reflect the interest in improving self-care in people living with this disease.

Association of Personality Traits and Self-Care Behaviors in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Diabetes self-care is critical for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and exploring the impact of personality traits on this domain remains pivotal. This study aimed to investigate the association between personality traits and various dimensions of self-care in people with T2DM. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA)-guided systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Twenty-three studies, that met our inclusion criteria, revealed distinct associations between certain personality traits and various aspects of self-care. Notably, traits such as openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness showed associations with improved foot care compliance (odds ratio (OR) = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.49-4.28; OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.10-3.08; and OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.23-3.48, respectively). Openness was also linked to better overall self-care behaviors (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.17-3.41), while conscientiousness correlated with reduced smoking (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93-0.99), and agreeableness was associated with improved medication adherence (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.34-2.31). Conversely, traits like extraversion and neuroticism showed associations with decreased medication adherence (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61-0.96 and OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.40-0.65, respectively), with neuroticism additionally linked to lower overall self-care behaviors (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.55-0.81). This study emphasizes the intricate role of personality traits in shaping self-care practices in individuals with T2DM, underscoring the significance of factoring these traits into tailoring and improving diabetes self-care strategies. Nevertheless, establishing definitive causal relationships mandates further in-depth longitudinal investigations and broader meta-analyses to achieve a more conclusive understanding.

Associated factors with the self-care of people with diabetes mellitus in the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: to analyze the factors associated with self-care in people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: cross-sectional analytical and exploratory online study with 70 participants, using the Summary Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire. The clinical and sociodemographic profile was portrayed with a descriptive analysis. Fisher's exact test, the Chi-square test and Poisson regression with robust variance were used to determine the association between the variables. Results: after regression, the items Physical Activity, Use of Medication and General Diet from the Summary Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire showed, respectively, a significant association with the variables Physical Exercise (p&lt;0.001), Occupation (p=0.005) and Age (p=0.01). Conclusion: the physical exercise, medication use and general diet items on the self-care questionnaire were related to the variables of age, occupation, and physical exercise, respectively. Contributions to practice: health services should intensify the investigation of factors associated with the difficulties of people with diabetes, to offer a better quality of life and adequate health promotion for this population.

The expert patient's contribution to the empowerment of people with diabetes mellitus

Objective: to uncover the contributions of specialist patients to the empowerment of people with diabetes mellitus. Methods: a qualitative study comprising three open virtual communities with public posts in Portuguese, aimed at discussing diabetes mellitus. The nuclei of meaning were identified through a word cloud, with mutual checking between three researchers using content analysis. Results: the interactions showed concern about the clinical dimension of the disease and the welcoming nature of suffering and anguish. It was also observed that living with diabetes provides knowledge about the disease, making these people propagators of knowledge and ensuring their participation in the treatment process. Furthermore, the dialogues provided by the online environment can contribute to health promotion, facilitating understanding of aspects inherent to diabetes. Conclusion: specialist patients are willing to answer questions based on the knowledge they have acquired through the experience of becoming ill, supporting their recommendations in the care and recommendations received during treatment. Contributions to practice: it is hoped that the results can contribute to the recognition and appreciation of new approaches to health promotion and self-care for people with diabetes, such as virtual communities.

Informal caregivers involvement in heart failure self-care: perceived acceptability and contribution to heart failure self-care from a feasibility quasi-experimental study

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Service d’Aide et de Soins à Domicile de la Sarine, Fribourg Background Heart failure (HF) self-care is recommended to reduce HF hospitalisation and mortality. Informal caregivers play a key role in HF self-care support and contribute to outcomes. Uncertainties remain about the acceptability to include informal caregivers to support self-care in people with HF, as well as informal caregivers’ responsiveness of being exposed to an intervention supporting symptom perception in HF, a specific HF self-care process. Purpose We aimed to test an intervention supporting symptom perception in people with HF including among informal caregivers. Methods We used a quasi-experimental feasibility study with a pre-test post-test design. Informal caregivers and people with HF were exposed to an evidence-informed self-care support intervention targeting symptom perception, delivered by trained homecare nurses during one month at people with HF home. We assessed acceptability of informal caregivers involved in HF self-care support using the Treatment Acceptability and Preferences (TAP) Measure adapted for this study (responses from 1=completely disagree to 5=completely agree). We assessed outcome responsiveness regarding contribution to HF self-care using the Caregiver Contribution to Self-care of HF Index version 2 (CC-SCHFI 2), and caregivers’ burden with the Zarit Burden Interview. We used descriptive statistics and calculated effect sizes using Cohen’s d based on mean absolute change between pre and post intervention. Results Seven informal caregivers (mean age 64.7 years, 6/7 women) were exposed to the intervention. All were spouse or child of the people with HF. Mean acceptability score was 4.28. Informal caregivers’ contribution to HF self-care positively responded after intervention exposure. There was a 10-point increase on the CC-SCHFI 2 symptom monitoring and perception post intervention (mean score 69.1) compared to baseline (mean score 58.9) with a large effect size (Cohen’s d=1.37). Contribution to HF self-care maintenance and management also responded positively to the intervention, respectively from 60 to 63.5 for self-care maintenance (Cohen’s d=0.28) and from 49.3 to 52.5 for self-care management (Cohen’s d=0.17). Caregiver burden slightly increased 2-points post intervention from 18.5 to 20.5 with a low effect size (Cohen’s d=0.14). Mean caregiver burden scored high at baseline before intervention exposure, and informal caregivers reported low burden to participate in the intervention (TAP mean item score 4.4). Conclusion Informal caregivers reported the intervention as highly acceptable. Informal caregiver contribution to symptom monitoring and perception was responsive to the intervention, as well as overall contribution to HF self-care. Caregiver burden should be carefully monitored when involved in HF self-care support interventions. Evaluating the effectiveness of including informal caregivers in HF self-care support and in specific symptom perception is needed.Caregivers outcomes responsiveness

Edukasi Berbasis Self Management Untuk Meningkatkan Self Care Pada Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus disease is a serious public health problem faced in the world, diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (hormones that regulate blood sugar or glucose), as a result of which metabolic disorders are characterized by sugar levels that exceed normal limits. Self care diabetes consists of independent actions performed by diabetic clients in daily life with the aim to control blood sugar which includes dietary activities, physical exercise, monitoring blood sugar levels, taking medications and foot care. Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) is a diabetes education that can be a place for diabetic patients to get education and maintain the behavior of diabetic patients. Objective: To improve self care in people with diabetes mellitus through diabetes self management education against Method: This public service was conducted by discussion using booklet as media information Result: All the participants were attend 100% for all sessions. The self care result shos improvement after DSME have been delivered. Conclusion: The results of this community service show an increase in self-care behavior in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after giving Diabetes Self Management Education. As for educational activities can be carried out by involving more participants and can also involve the patient's family in the educational process with the hope of increasing family support for patients when carrying out self-care.

Development of a mobile application to support self-care for people with intestinal stomas

Objective: to develop a mobile application to support self- -care for people with intestinal stomas. Methods: descriptive study of technological innovation, guided by Theory of Self-Care to organize the application´s content and production. Design Science Research that followed the steps: problem knowledge identified in practice; determination of the artifact objectives; development; demonstration. Before the technology development, a qualitative study was conducted to understand difficulties in self-care and a scope review to map the content. Two specialized professionals helped in the application development. Results: ostocuide application has 36 screens subdivided into menus: registration and record; feeding; self-care; stomas types; health care; laws; curiosities; contact and interactive questions. The application offers the diary function for photos and texts records about care performed with the stoma and the possibility of sending questions to researchers responsible for the application. Conclusion: the application was successfully developed and gathered resources that may collaborate with the self-care of people with intestinal stomas. Contributions to practice: the application can contribute to the population learning with intestinal stomas and to health education carried out by nurses.

Feasibility and Acceptability of Wearable Cameras to Assess Self-care in People With Heart Failure: Pilot Study.

Heart failure (HF) is a common chronic condition that affects over 26 million people worldwide. It is a progressive and debilitating disease with a broad symptom profile, intermittently marked by periods of acute decompensation. People with HF generally do not self-manage their condition well (eg, monitoring symptoms, taking medications regularly, physical activity, etc). A better understanding of self-care activities and what factors may indicate deterioration is warranted. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of using wearable cameras to assess self-care activities in people with HF. The study objectives were to (1) explore whether changes in self-care activities could be identified prior to hospitalization and (2) determine the acceptability of wearable cameras to people with HF. A total of 30 people recently diagnosed with HF wore a camera for a maximum of 30 days; the camera took a photo every 30 seconds in the forward-facing direction. At the end of the study, all 30 participants were presented with 8 statements of acceptability, scored on a 5-point Likert scale. To determine whether camera images could identify changes in self-care activities and lifestyle risk factors before hospitalization, we analyzed images from participants (n=8) who were hospitalized during the 30-day study period. Images from the period immediately prior to hospitalization and a comparison were selected for each participant. Images were manually coded according to 9 different event categories relating to self-care and lifestyle risk factors, and events were compared between the 2 periods. The participants reported high acceptability for wearing the cameras, as most strongly agreed or agreed that they were comfortable to wear (28/30, 93%) and easy to use (30/30, 100%). The results of the camera image analysis showed that participants undertook fewer activities of daily living (P=.008) and were more sedentary (P=.02) prior to being hospitalized, compared to a period nonadjacent to hospitalization. Adults with HF were accepting of using a wearable camera for periods within a 30-day time frame. Wearable cameras were a feasible approach for providing data on selected self-care activities and lifestyle risk factors for HF and offer the potential to be a valuable tool for improving our understanding of self-care.

Diabetic foot ulcer self-care assessment: a scoping review.

to map, in the world literature, instruments for assessing foot self-care of people with diabetes. a scoping review in Scopus by Elsevier, MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS, SciELO databases and gray literature, using the controlled words diabetic foot, self care, questionnaire. Search was carried out in February and March 2021, according to JBI recommendations and PRISMA-ScR extension. fifteen studies made up the review, 14 articles and one thesis, published between 2000 and 2020. 16 instruments were identified: five with an emphasis on general self-care and 11 on foot self-care. Inspection, hygiene, washing and drying between the toes, lotion application and use of proper shoes and socks were the main self-care measures presented. foot self-care is assessed by knowledge, social support and frequency with which measures are being put into practice, encouraging professional practice.

Effect of Fear, Concern, and of Risk Factors for Complicated Covid-19 on Self-Care in People in Pre-elderly and Elderly Stages.

The work sought to determine the effect of the risk factors, fear, and concern on self-care regarding COVID-19 in people in pre-elderly and elderly stages. Correlational-predictive study, gathered through convenience sampling. The study applied the scale of fear of COVID-19 (Huarcaya et al.), the scale of concern about COVID-19 (Ruíz et al.,), and the scale of self-care during the COVID-19 confinement (Martínez et al.,). Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied as the mediation model based on regression. The study had the participation of 333 people, with the majority being women (73.9%). Correlation was found between self-care with the scores from the scale of fear (r = -0.133, p <0.05) and of concern (r = -0.141, p<0.05) regarding COVID-19. The direct effect of the model was c= 0.16, [95% BCa CI = -0.28, -0.09]. The standardized value for the indirect effect was estimated as c = -0.14, [95% BCa CI= -0.23,-0.09]), which shows existence of a 14.0% effect of the mediating variable on self-care conducts in the prediction model. A direct effect exists of risk factors for COVID-19 complication on self-care, mediated by concern and fear, besides explaining by 14% the self-care conducts for COVID-19. Recommendation is made to address other emotional variables to consider if these increase the prediction.

Effect of Fear, Concern, and of Risk Factors for Complicated Covid-19 on Self-Care in People in Pre-elderly and Elderly Stages

Objective. The work sought to determine the effect of the risk factors, fear, and concern on self-care regarding COVID- 19 in people in pre-elderly and elderly stages.&#x0D; Methods. Correlational-predictive study, gathered through convenience sampling. The study applied the scale of fear of COVID-19 (Huarcaya et al.), the scale of concern about COVID-19(Ruíz et al.,), and the scale of self-care during the COVID-19 confinement (Martínez et al.,). Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied as the mediation model based on regression.&#x0D; Results. The study had the participation of 333 people, with the majority being women (73.9%). Correlation was found between self-care with the scores from the scale of fear (r = -0.133, p &amp;lt;0.05) and of concern (r = -0.141, p&amp;lt;0.05) regarding COVID-19. The direct effect of the model wasc’ = 0.16, [95% BCa CI = -0.28, -0.09]. The standardized value for the indirect effect was estimated as c = -0.14, [95%BCa CI=-0.23,-0.09]), which shows existence of a 14.0% effect of the mediating variable on self-care conducts in the prediction model.&#x0D; Conclusion. A direct effect exists of risk factors for COVID-19 complication on self-care, mediated by concern and fear, besides explaining by 14% the self-care conducts for COVID-19. Recommendation is made to address other emotional variables to consider if these increase the prediction.

Description Behavior Care Self (Self Care) Sufferer Hypertension at the Health Center Kutalimbaru Deli Serdang Regency 2022

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease characterized by an increase in blood pressure from normal limits. Complications of hypertension can be prevented by doing good self care . Self care is an action taken independently to improve health, prevent disease and maintain health. Self care for people with hypertension can be done by applying 5 components, namely self-integration, self-regulation, interaction with health workers and others, blood pressure monitoring, and adherence to recommended rules. The purpose of the study was to determine the description of self-care behavior of patients with hypertension at the Kutalimbaru Health Center , Deli Serdang Regency in 2022. Methods Descriptive research design with cross sectional design. The population is 456 people, the research sample is 124 people. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data collection was selected directly using a questionnaire. The results based on self-integration are good at 65.3%, self-regulation is good at 74.2%, Interaction with health workers and others is good at 54.0%, poor blood pressure monitoring is 87.9%, Compliance with the rules recommended good at 87.1%. on blood pressure monitoring, it was found that hypertension patients have bad behavior in routinely monitoring their blood pressure, it is hoped that the health workers of the Kutalimbaru Health Center can provide education and health education regarding good self-care behavior in controlling blood pressure routinely once a month for hypertensive patients .