Patient Self-care Research Articles

Effects of dependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention on self-care, symptoms, and caregiver burden in patients with primary brain tumor and their caregivers: a randomized controlled trial

PurposeThis study aimed to examine the effect of dependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention on self-care, symptoms, and caregiver burden in primary brain tumor patients and their caregivers.MethodsA parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted with patients who underwent surgery for a primary brain tumor between March 2019 and January 2020 in a tertiary hospital and with caregivers who cared for them at home. Eligible patients and caregivers were determined by block randomization. Outcome measures included validated measures of self-care agency (Self-Care Agency Scale), symptoms and interference by symptoms (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor-Turkish Form), and caregiver burden (Caregiver Burden Scale). Two-way analysis of variance was used in repeated measurements from general linear models compared to scale scores.ResultsSelf-care agency was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group in the first and sixth months after surgery (p < 0.05). The severity of the patients’ emotional, focal neurologic, and cognitive symptoms and interference by symptoms were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Caregiver burden was significantly lower in the intervention group in the first, third, and sixth months after surgery (p < 0.05).ConclusionDependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention increased patients’ self-care and reduced symptoms and their effects. It also reduced the caregiver burden. Dependent care theory can guide the nursing practices of nurses who provide institutional and/or home care services to patients with chronic diseases and their caregivers.Trial RegistrationNCT05328739 on April 14, 2022 (retrospectively registered).

Relationship between resilience, self-care and metabolic control in patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Relationship between resilience, self-care and metabolic control in patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Designing and validating of a questionnaire measuring perceived self-care ability (PSCA) in chronic stroke patients at home

BackgroundPatients with a stroke often cannot care for themselves after hospital discharge. Assessment of their self-care ability is the first step in planning post-discharge home care. This study aimed to design and validate a measure of perceived self-care ability (PSCA) in stroke patients.MethodsA sequential-exploratory mixed method was conducted in Tehran, Iran, in 2020–2021. The qualitative phase involved in-depth semi-structured interviews with 12 participants. Transcripts were content analyzed. The results guided the development of 81 items. psychometric properties such as face validity (Impact Score > 1.5), content validity ratio (CVR > 0.63), content validity index (Item Content Validity Index: ICVI > 0.78, Scale Content Validity Index/Average: SCVI/Ave > 0.8) and Kappa value (Kappa > 0.7), internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.7), relative reliability (ICC: inter class correlation coefficient), absolute reliability (Standard Error of Measurement: SEM and Minimal Detectable Changes: MDC), convergent validity (Correlation Coefficient between 0.4–0.7), interpretability, responsiveness, feasibility, and ceiling and floor effects were assessed.ResultsContent analysis of the qualitative interviews yielded 5 major categories and 9 subcategories that reflected "Perceptual stability", "Cognitive fluctuations", "Sensory, Motor and Physical health",” The subjective nature" and "The dynamic nature” of PSCA. Results of face and content validity reduced the number of items to 32, capturing three dimensions of PSCA in chronic stroke patients; these dimensions included perceptual ability, threatened health status, and sensory, motor, and cognitive ability. The findings supported the reliability and validity of the measure.ConclusionsThe PSCA questionnaire was developed and validated within the Iranian culture. It is useful in assessing the self-care of patients with stroke and in informing practice.

The Development and Testing of the Hippocratic Heart Failure Self-Care Scale.

The adoption of self-care behaviors among patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) is essential for the management of their health condition. However, there is a lack of tools for estimating self-care in CHF patients. We aim to develop and validate the Greek version of the Hippocratic heart failure self-care scale (HHFSCS). The scale includes 22 items which are reviewed by a committee of experts. Individuals indicate the frequency at which they follow each self-behavior on a five-point Likert scale. Adult patients with CHF (n = 250) from a General Hospital in Athens participated in the study from June 2020 to March 2021. Reliability coefficients and an explanatory factor analysis (EFA), using a Varimax rotation and the principal component method, were used to assess the psychometric measurements. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the HHFSCS was 0.807. The exploratory factor analysis identified two domains that accounted for 88.44% of the variance in the scale items; however, each sub-scale could not be used as an independent scale. Finally, the test-retest showed a significant and strong correlation (r = 0.973, p < 0.001). The HHFSCS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing self-behaviors in CHF patients. Health professionals can use it in their clinical practice to improve the management of a patient's health conditions.

A Technological Tool Aimed at Self-Care in Patients With Multimorbidity: Cross-Sectional Usability Study.

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been positioned as useful tools to facilitate self-care. The interaction between a patient and technology, known as usability, is particularly important for achieving positive health outcomes. Specific characteristics of patients with chronic diseases, including multimorbidity, can affect their interaction with different technologies. Thus, studying the usability of ICTs in the field of multimorbidity has become a key element to ensure their relevant role in promoting self-care. The aim of this study was to analyze the usability of a technological tool dedicated to health and self-care in patients with multimorbidity in primary care. A descriptive observational cross-sectional usability study was performed framed in the clinical trial in the primary care health centers of Madrid Health Service of the TeNDER (Affective Based Integrated Care for Better Quality of Life) project. The TeNDER technological tool integrates sensors for monitoring physical and sleep activity along with a mobile app for consulting the data collected and working with self-management tools. This project included patients over 60 years of age who had one or more chronic diseases, at least one of which was mild-moderate cognitive impairment, Parkinson disease, or cardiovascular disease. From the 250 patients included in the project, 38 agreed to participate in the usability study. The usability variables investigated were effectiveness, which was determined by the degree of completion and the total number of errors per task; efficiency, evaluated as the average time to perform each task; and satisfaction, quantified by the System Usability Scale. Five tasks were evaluated based on real case scenarios. Usability variables were analyzed according to the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients. A logistic regression model was constructed to estimate the factors associated with the type of support provided for task completion. The median age of the 38 participants was 75 (IQR 72.0-79.0) years. There was a slight majority of women (20/38, 52.6%) and the participants had a median of 8 (IQR 7.0-11.0) chronic diseases. Thirty patients completed the usability study, with a usability effectiveness result of 89.3% (134/150 tasks completed). Among the 30 patients, 66.7% (n=20) completed all tasks and 56.7% (17/30) required personalized help on at least one task. In the multivariate analysis, educational level emerged as a facilitating factor for independent task completion (odds ratio 1.79, 95% CI 0.47-6.83). The median time to complete the total tasks was 296 seconds (IQR 210.0-397.0) and the median satisfaction score was 55 (IQR 45.0-62.5) out of 100. Although usability effectiveness was high, the poor efficiency and usability satisfaction scores suggest that there are other factors that may interfere with the results. Multimorbidity was not confirmed to be a key factor affecting the usability of the technological tool. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05681065; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05681065.

Empowering self-management: exploring self-care practices in heart failure patients

Background and Aim: Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome in which ventricular filling and beating functions are impaired. HF also causes psychosocial and economic problems and is a significant public health problem affecting the quality of life. Effective self-care (SC) is a non-pharmacological method that contributes to treatment, improves the patient's quality of life, and reduces repeated hospitalizations and economic burdens. Our study aimed to evaluate self-care in HF patients and to determine the factors affecting SC.&#x0D; &#x0D; Materials and methods: A total of 100 patients with HF, including 36 women and 64 men, were included in the study. Data were collected by using the Descriptive Information Form and the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale in one-on-one interviews with patients under appropriate physical conditions.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: Our findings indicate that a range of factors, including age, hypertension, educational status, the total number of comorbid diseases, and the use of certain medications such as SGLT-2 inhibitors, differently impact SC behaviors. SC behaviors were found to be adequate in the study population&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: We identified essential factors that affect SC in HF patients. We have identified critical factors such as age, educational status, hypertension, comorbidity, and particularly the use of SGLT2 inhibitors, as key influencers of SC practices. For this reason, patient-centered healthcare models should be developed and considered by medical practitioners.

Psychometric testing of the Thai version of Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory version 2.

To assess the psychometric properties of the Thai version of Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory version 2 (CC-SC-CII-v2) among primary caregivers of individuals with any single or multiple chronic illnesses. The instrument encompasses three scales that evaluate Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care (CC-SC) Maintenance, Monitoring and Management. The English version CC-SC-CII-v2 was translated and adapted for Thai context, and a cross-sectional multicenter study involved 430 caregivers from 16 primary care centres in Thailand. Structural validity, internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were examined. The original two-factor CC-SC Maintenance scale required a re-specified model for good fit, while the CC-SC Monitoring and CC-SC Management scales fit well. The simultaneous model of three scales demonstrated satisfactory fit. The CC-SC Maintenance and CC-SC Management scales both had a composite reliability index of 0.85, with omega coefficients of 0.86 and 0.83, respectively. CC-SC Monitoring had an alpha coefficient of 0.89. The intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.84 to 0.91, indicating good test-retest reliability. The Thai CC-SC-CII-v2 is a valid and reliable instrument that can provide clinicians and investigators with an evaluation of the contributions of caregivers to the self-care of patients with chronic illnesses.

Manajemen “KEPO” dalam Perawatan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 pada Keluarga Jawa dan Batak

This study aims to analyze the effect of KEPO management in diabetes care on self-care and blood sugar levels of patients with DM in Javanese and Batak families. The method used was quasy experimental nonequivalent control group design. Respondents in this study were diabetics accompanied by one family member totaling 84 people. Data were collected using The Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA) instrument and blood sugar level observation sheet (KGD). Data were analyzed by parametric T-test for self-care and non-parametric Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney for KGD. The results showed that there was a difference in the average self-care and blood sugar levels of patients with DM in Javanese and Batak families before and after being given KEPO management with a p-value = 0.001 (p &lt;0.005). In conclusion, there is an effect of KEPO management on self-care and blood sugar levels of diabetics in Javanese and Batak families. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Blood Sugar Levels, KEPO Management, Javanese Batak Families, Self-Care

Qualitative study about the perception of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A descriptive observational study

The main aim of this study was to identify the perceptions of people suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) regarding the need for specialised nursing care, based on their opinions from their own experience. A qualitative design with an inductive approach based on constructivist grounded theory was conducted using a questionnaire. Almost 63 % of respondents felt that a nursing intervention was necessary for the patient's self-care and supported the care of the environment of the patient with IBD in need of care. Approximately 75 % of respondents felt that the initial nursing consultation following diagnosis of IBD was essential to address all aspects of the patient's daily life and environment for quality care and follow-up. More than 87 % of respondents felt it was important for nurses to recognise the need for referral to other professionals when caring for IBD patients and their environment to maximise their wellbeing. The percentage of females who answered yes to this last question was significantly higher than that of males (p = 0.025). Some 67.1 % of respondents felt that nurses should be responsible for informing the patient and those around them of the steps to be taken following diagnosis and what these consist of. More than 94 % of all respondents felt that IBD patients and their carers should have a plan and time for specific and appropriate education on this topic. More than 80 % of respondents agreed that the progression, monitoring, and management of their IBD should be supervised by a nurse in addition to their specialist doctor to achieve an optimal level of quality. In conclusion, this study shows that patients suffering from IBD consider the role of the nurse to be crucial in the diagnosis, management and treatment of their disease and highlights the need for specialised nurses in inflammatory bowel disease who can provide patients with high-quality healthcare.

Author Correction: Effects of comprehensive care measures based on the HAPA model on self-care, neurotransmitters and clinical outcomes in cerebral infarction patients.

Correction to: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27 (10): 4462-4470-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202305_32452-published online on May 29, 2023. After publication, the authors have discovered a mistake in the number of male and female patients in the Patients and Methods section. Therefore, the following sentence "58 male patients and 42 female patients" is corrected into "71 male and 39 female patients". The corrections do not affect the article's results and conclusion as patients are reported correctly in the text as well as figures and tables. There are amendments to this paper. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/32452.

IJCM_165A: Selfcare practises and its association with glycaemic indices among diabetes mellitus patients in a rural community in Karnataka.

Background: Self-care is a complex and natural decision-making process for maintaining health, especially in chronic patients, such as patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Identifying the contribution of each self-care behavior to glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes becomes an integral part. Objective: To determine the association of self-care in Diabetes Mellitus patients and blood sugar levels in a rural community in Karnataka. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a health institution in a rural area affiliated with a private medical college in Karnataka, India, from March to April 2023. The Diabetes Self-care Questionnaire (DSMQ) was used to examine diabetes patients’ self-care practices. Quantitative data was expressed in mean, standard deviation, median, or interquartile range. Qualitative variables were expressed in percentages and proportions and analyzed using SPSS 20.0. The Chi-square test/Fischer’s exact test determined the association between DSMQ and Blood sugar levels Results: Among 142 Diabetes mellitus patients, the mean age was 55.32±12.89 years. 118(82.5%) were married and were Diabetic since 4(2-6) years.106(74.6%) experienced chronic complications, of which 34(23.9%) primarily had foot and leg problems. Medication adherence was seen in 97(68.3%). Sulfonylureas use was seen in 115(82.7%) followed by Biguanides in 80(56.3%). The median blood sugar level was 208.5(161.5-273.5)mg/dl. Using the DSMQ, Optimal glucose management was seen in only 35(24.5%). Suboptimal glucose management was associated with age more than 50 and self-reported obesity. Conclusion: Among the study population, one-fourth had effective glucose management and physical activity. Suboptimal glucose management was associated with age more than 50 and self-reported obesity.

The psychological profile of patients with hypertension and its role in patients’ self-care

IntroductionHypertension is a major risk factor for premature death, cardiovascular disease, and stroke worldwide. However, due to the chronic nature of hypertension, patients are at an increased risk of developing mental and emotional disorders, which can affect their adherence to self-care.ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review to investigate the psychological profile, psychological characteristics, and personality traits of hypertensive patients and their role in self-care adherence.MethodsA thorough and comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies for this review. PubMed, Scopus, and APA PsycInfo databases were searched from their inception until March 7th, 2023. The protocol for this review will be registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) in the future.ResultsAfter applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and removing duplicate results, 55 articles were selected, the majority of which were grouped into three main categories based on psychological profiles for accurate analysis and comparison.ConclusionsThis systematic review contributes to the investigation of the relationship between psychological profiles and self-care in hypertensive patients. Despite the prevailing controversy in the literature, a greater proportion of studies indicate that depression, anxiety, low quality of life, type D personality and neurotic personality have a negative impact on self-care in hypertension.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Health Literacy and Self-Care in Patients with Chronic Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol.

Self-care plays a critical role in symptom recognition, management, and risk factor modification for patients with chronic illnesses. Despite its significance, self-care levels in this population are generally poor. Health literacy (HL) is pivotal for promoting effective self-care, yet the association across specific chronic illnesses remains fragmented and conflicting. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted. Inclusion criteria encompass quantitative studies involving adult patients with at least one chronic illness reporting on the association between a measure of HL and one or more elements of self-care behaviors as outcomes. Databases to be searched include PubMed, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The studies will undergo risk of bias and certainty of evidence assessment using ROBINS-E and GRADE. Extracted data will include authors, publication date, aim(s), study location, design, sample characteristics, chronic illness type, study length, HL, and self-care measures. Understanding the link between HL and self-care can aid healthcare providers in implementing strategies to enhance health-promoting behaviors, contributing valuable insights to the scientific community and fostering nuanced discussions. This protocol ensures methodological transparency, stimulates discourse, and paves the way for informed interventions to improve overall health outcomes.

Whole-process case management effects on mental state and self-care ability in patients with liver cancer.

Regarding the incidence of malignant tumors in China, the incidence of liver cancer ranks fourth, second only to lung, gastric, and esophageal cancers. The case fatality rate ranks third after lung and cervical cancer. In a previous study, the whole-process management model was applied to patients with breast cancer, which effectively reduced their negative emotions and improved treatment adherence and nursing satisfaction. To explore Mental state and self-care ability in patients with liver cancer: effects of whole-process case management. In this single-center, randomized, controlled study, 60 randomly selected patients with liver cancer who had been admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were randomly divided into an observation group (n = 30), who received whole-process case management on the basis of routine nursing measures, and a control group (n = 30), who were given routine nursing measures. We compared differences between the two groups in terms of anxiety, depression, the level of hope, self-care ability, symptom distress, sleep quality, and quality of life. Post-intervention, Hamilton anxiety scale, Hamilton depression scale, memory symptom assessment scale, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index scores in both groups were lower than those pre-intervention, and the observation group had lower scores than the control group (P < 0.05). Herth hope index, self-care ability assessment scale-revision in Chinese, and quality of life measurement scale for patients with liver cancer scores in both groups were higher than those pre-intervention, with higher scores in the observation group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Whole-process case management can effectively reduce anxiety and depression in patients with liver cancer, alleviate symptoms and problems, and improve the level of hope, self-care ability, sleep quality, and quality of life, as well as provide feasible nursing alternatives for patients with liver cancer.

In-hospital psychoeducation for family caregivers of Nigerian children with cancer (The RESCUE Study).

High levels of caregiver burden (CB) are experienced by informal caregivers of pediatric patients with cancer. There is increasing evidence highlighting the extent of CB across sub-Saharan African countries, although there remains lack of interventions that target improvements in their experience. This study aimed to determine the impact of a structured psychoeducation program on caregivers' outcomes relating to preparedness to provide care, burden of caregiving, and quality of life (QoL). This quasi-experimental (pre-and-posttest) design, involved family caregivers of children on admission for cancer treatment in 4 Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Eligible participants received 2 structured, psychoeducational training sessions delivered by a multidisciplinary oncology team, focusing on the management of patients' condition, spiritual care, self-care, and support. Subjects were mainly female (79.5%) and mostly mothers to children undergoing cancer treatment (74.7%). Commonest cancer type was acute lymphoblastic leukemia (23.9%) with evidence of metastatic disease found in 9.6% of children. Significant improvements were observed between pre- and posttest for unmet needs (z = -9.3; p < 0.001), preparedness for caregiving in palliative care (PCPC) (z = -7.0; p < 0.001), and overall QoL (z = -7.3; p < 0.001). A significant reduction in CB was also reported (z = -8.7; p < 0.001). This psychoeducational intervention (PEI) resulted in significant improvements in unmet needs, CB and significant improvements in PCPC. However, a reduction in QoL of the family caregivers was also observed. Findings from this study should encourage the use of well-crafted PEIs, delivered within hospital settings to promote improvements in outcomes for informal caregivers of hospitalized children suffering from cancer, in an African context. Further intervention development is required to better understand intervention components influencing changes in outcomes, while exploring feasibility testing and adaptation to similar settings in Nigeria and within Africa.

The relationship between caregiver contribution to self-care and patient quality of life in heart failure: A longitudinal mediation analysis.

Patients with heart failure may experience poor quality of life due to a variety of physical and psychological symptoms. Quality of life can improve if patients adhere to consistent self-care behaviors. Patient outcomes (i.e., quality of life) are thought to improve as a result of caregiver contribution to self-care. However, uncertainty exists on whether these outcomes improve as a direct result of caregiver contribution to self-care or whether this improvement occurs indirectly through the improvement of patient heart failure self-care behaviors. To investigate the influence of caregiver contribution to self-care on quality of life of heart failure people and explore whether patient self-care behaviors mediate such a relationship. This is a secondary analysis of the MOTIVATE-HF randomized controlled trial (Clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT02894502). Data were collected at baseline and 3 months. An autoregressive longitudinal path analysis model was conducted to test our hypotheses. We enrolled a sample of 510 caregivers [mean age = 54 (±15.44), 24% males)] and 510 patients [mean age = 72.4 (±12.28), 58% males)]. Patient self-care had a significant and direct effect on quality of life at three months (β = 0.20, p < .01). Caregiver contribution to self-care showed a significant direct effect on patient self-care (β = 0.32, p < .01), and an indirect effect on patient quality of life through the mediation of patient self-care (β = 0.07, p < .001). Patient quality of life is influenced by self-care both directly and indirectly, through the mediation of caregiver contribution to self-care. These findings improve our understanding on how caregiver contribution to self-care improves patient outcomes.

Effect of Tele-Nursing Instructions and Follow up on Self Care and Health Status of Patients with Heart Failure

Effect of Tele-Nursing Instructions and Follow up on Self Care and Health Status of Patients with Heart Failure

A Health Mobile Application for Self-Care of Colostomy Patients

Abstract Introduction and Objective In most cases, due to the failure of nonsurgical methods in the treatment of diseases related to the colon, it is necessary to perform colostomy as the main treatment method. However, this surgery can cause a wide range of physical, social, and psychological problems in patients. Therefore, in order to prevent and treat the complications of colostomy, it is necessary to adopt measures in the field of self-care and continuous education for patients to control the complications of the disease, seek treatment, and experience improvements in their quality of life . Additionally, considering the role of mobile health (mHealth) applications in facilitating continuous and effective training, and improving self-care for these patients, the aim of the present study was to design and evaluate an mHealth application for self-care of colostomy patients. Materials and Methods In the present applied research, first the functional requirements of the software were determined considering the self-care requirements of colostomy patients. Then, the software was designed based on object-oriented analysis, and according to it, the application was coded in Java and developed in the Android Studio environment. Finally, to evaluate the software, the opinions and comments of 5 gastroenterologists and 10 adult colostomy patients in the age range between 27 and 64 years who had at least a high school diploma were used as the basis of judgment at this stage. The instruments used in the evaluation included a checklist, derived from three standard questionnaires (the System Usability Scale [SUS], the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire [MAUQ], and the User Version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale [uMARS]) to measure the user-friendliness indicator, and a researcher-made checklist to measure the performance indicator of the various services provided. Results The services of the software developed include the provision of medical information and self-care instructions regarding colostomy surgery, as well as alerts for the user to schedule an appointment with a doctor and the time to take medications. Based on the results of the evaluation stage, the users were generally satisfied with the interface, services, and general features of the software. In general, the software was evaluated at the “acceptable” level, with a rate of 85%. Discussion and Conclusion Based on the findings of the current research, the software developed can be significantly effective in facilitating the education of colostomy patients and improving their self-care. Proper and continuous self-care and education for colostomy patients is necessary to prevent and control complications resulting from surgery and to improve their quality of life. Therefore, in addition to patients, all health care staff, organizations, and associations which support colostomy patients can also use this software to educate patients and improve the care provided to them.

Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Self-care of Hypertension Inventory Version 3.0 in adults with hypertension

BackgroundHypertension is an important cardiovascular disease risk factor. Blood pressure control for hypertensive patients is crucial to prevent hypertension related complications. Ensuring and assessing self-care of hypertensive patients is important for blood pressure control and hypertension management. The Self-care of Hypertension Inventory (SC-HI) is an inventory developed for assessing self-care of hypertensive individuals. SC-HI has three subscales; maintenance, monitoring and management. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to conduct Turkish version of SC-HI Version 3.0 (SC-HI V3.0) and assessing its psychometric properties for adults with hypertension. MethodsWe included 120 hypertensive patients in this methodological study. SC-HI V3.0 translated Turkish and tested for reliability and validity. To analyse structural validity item-total correlations and factor analyses was used. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) method was selected for analysing scale's consistency and convergent validity was conducted. ResultsThe mean age of participants were 54.74 ± 7.19 years and the mean duration from hypertension diagnosis were 38.19 ± 19.42 months. Translated Turkish version's factor loadings were ranged between 0.419 and 0.841. Cronbach's alpha coefficient values were 0.661, 0.880, 0.805 and ICC values were 1.0, 0.99, 0.99 for maintenance, monitoring and management, respectively. Convergent validity's correlation coefficients weak to very strong and statistically significant. ConclusionsTurkish version of the SC-HI Version 3.0 is reliable, valid and useful scale for assessing self-management in hypertensive adults for clinical practice and research purposes.

Advancing Virtual at-Home Care for Community Health Center Patients Using Patient Self-Care Tools, Technology, and Education [Response to Letter

Advancing Virtual at-Home Care for Community Health Center Patients Using Patient Self-Care Tools, Technology, and Education [Response to Letter