Self-assessment Instrument Research Articles

Financial Well-Being Of Malay Single Mothers In Terengganu Using The Finwell-Sm Instrument

The objective of the study is to determine more specifically the financial well-being of Malay single mothers in Terengganu. A total of 612 single mothers who have been divorced or their husbands have died were selected in this study. The research instrument was used as a research tool for data collection. The Financial Well-Being Self-Assessment Instrument (FinWell-SM) has been adapted and modified from the Financial Well-Being Scale (MFWBS) as well as previous studies according to the culture of the people in Malaysia. This instrument contains 20 items with 5 measurement scales, i.e. scale 1 represents the choice of strongly disagree (lowest score) and scale 5 represents the choice of strongly agree (highest score). This study has used quantitative methods. The findings of the study were analyzed using the descriptive analysis method of IBM SPSS statistical software. The results of the descriptive analysis found that single mothers in Terengganu have a low level of financial well-being, that is, single mothers have financial problems and they are very worried about those problems. The level of education, employment, monthly income, and household dependents greatly effect the financial well-being of single mothers. Financial challenges also cause the financial level of single mothers to be at a low level. The main effect of the study calls for single mothers to have more skills and knowledge in financial management. In addition, single mothers should be given appropriate assistance from the parties involved so that they do not fall out of the flow of development and can get out of poverty. This study proves that the Single Mother Financial Well-being Self-Assessment Instrument (FinWell-SM) was successfully built and can measure the financial well-being of Malay single mothers in Terengganu.

Redefining assessment: Creating a groundbreaking prototype for domain affective in project-based learning

This research aims to design a prototype of affective domain self-assessment in project-based learning (PjBL). The design process of the instrument prototype in this study combines the aspects of the affective domain in Bloom’s taxonomy with PjBL stage. The design of this instrument is a self-assessment. The design method of the affective domain self-assessment instrument prototype for PjBL includes determining the objectives and specifications of the test, developing the framework, preparing the blueprint, and determining the measurement scale. The validity test used in the design of this instrument prototype is content validation conducted by experts’ validators from doctoral students in the field of educational research and evaluation and education management. Qualitative content validation using face validity to examine the appropriateness of the instrument prototype design with the purpose of the instrument developed. Secondly, quantitative content validity using Lawshe’s content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). The results obtained showed that CVR value of the panelists was scattered from zero, where half of the panelists stated that the item was relevant, to one, where all panelists stated that the item was relevant, the distribution of CVR ratio was mostly at 0.75. CVI index price is 0.6083, which is very favorable.

Dentists and dental hygienists' comprehension of HIV infection associated periodontal implications and management.

In an era wherein, persuasive evidence continues to witness the association between systemic and periodontal diseases, the absence of scientific data on dental professionals' comprehension concerning the HIV infection and periodontal link is lamentably backward. Thus, the key objective of this research is to ascertain the extent of comprehension possessed by dentists and dental hygienists concerning periodontal implications and their management in HIV patients. It is a quantitative cross-sectional survey employing a descriptive approach focusing on a specific cohort of dental professionals. The study setting featured an online platform for the distribution of concealed, closed-ended, structured questionnaire. The data was gathered for four sections: six comprehension statements about periodontal manifestations in HIV patients; fifteen comprehension statements about HIV patients' periodontal management; eight familiarity statements about HIV management; and two educational statements about HIV. The comparisons of comprehension scores were drawn between variables such as specialties, age groups, and genders. The survey represented 468 dental professionals representing distinct dental specialties, with a mean age of 24.26 ± 7.53 years. The mean comprehension score for all groups of participants is 10.31 ± 9.34 (33.25%). The highest scores were recorded among those aged 31-40 (20.67 ± 8.31), followed by those aged 40+ (19.38 ± 9.39), 20-30 (9.53 ± 8.96), and under 20 (8.92 ± 8.57), at p < 0.001. The female participants (15.06 ± 12.2) exhibited substantially better scores in contrast to the male participants (8.74 ± 7.57). Periodontists (27.77 ± 3.08) comprehended most, then the oral medicine practitioners (25 ± 0). Dental hygiene students (5.52 ± 3.56) and hygienists (7.67 ± 9.72) comprehended the least. The scores for all four domains assessed were disappointingly low: knowledge about HIV-periodontal manifestations (2.81 ± 2.18), knowledge about management of periodontal diseases in HIV patients (3.73 ± 4.7), familiarity with periodontal care in HIV patients (2.87 ± 3.01), and education received about HIV and periodontal diseases (0.91 ± 0.66). Dental professionals are notably incomprehensive, unfamiliar, and lacking in expertise in the realm of periodontal facets of HIV. The periodontists and oral medicine practitioners showed a substantial amount of comprehension, while the dental hygiene students and dental hygienists presented a conspicuously inadequate level of comprehension. The study outcome could potentially serve as an invaluable instrument for self-assessment by dental professionals and educators. HIV/AIDS ought not to persist as an unspoken taboo or disregarded subject within the dental field, particularly in periodontics, but rather should receive prominence in dental schools and professional development programs.

Traumatic Childbirth and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: prevalence in a Brazilian cohort

IntroductionAlthough birth is experienced, in most cultures, as a positive event, for a significant percentage of women, it is considered a traumatic event, which can be associated with the development of psychopathologies, with negative impacts for the mother and the baby .ObjectivesAs part of a larger, multicenter study called Intersect, we aim to assess the prevalence of women who considered childbirth traumatic, in a cohort of women in southeastern Brazil, and the association with the outcome of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodsA total of 427 women who gave birth in two hospitals in southeastern Brazil in the period from May to October 2022 were included in the study, who answered self-assessment instruments, through on a telephone interview, in the period from 6 to 12 postpartum weeks. For the purposes of this study, the City Birth Trauma Scale stands out.ResultsThe participants had a mean age of 28.4 (± 6.4) years, 39.2% were primiparous and 76.1% had a partner. The results showed that 51.3% of them considered the birth moderately or extremely traumatic (N=218). Of these, 50.9% met criterion A for PTSD according to the DSM-5 (N=111) and among these, 20.7% had a PTSD profile (N=23; City-Birth &gt;28 points). These mothers represent 5.4% of the total sample.Conclusionsthere is a high prevalence of traumatic experiences during childbirth, with high rates of PTSD associated with this condition, which requires attention from the medical community in order to track and treat PTSD associated with birth and, from the public authorities, in the institution of preventive measures, through public policies aimed at this population.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Development of a Self-Assessment Instrument to Measure Learner Motivation

Learning motivation is crucial in the learning process. The motivation to learn will also be able to affect their academic abilities, and this will be one of the supporters of the success of the learning process. Judging from the importance of the function of learning motivation, the purpose of this study is to measure the level of learning motivation through self-assessment instruments with the aim of knowing how high learning motivation is in learning physics. The object of this research was the students of class X SMA 1 Kalasan, with a total of 60 respondents. This research is development research with a 4D design, namely define (definition), design (planning), develop (development, and disseminate). The data collection method in this study uses a questionnaire method with a Likert scale. Based on the results of the analysis, the self-assessment instrument has validity and is quite good with numbers above 0.330. And the reliability is quite high with the number 0.492. Based on this data, the self-assessment instrument can be said to be valid and reliable, so it is feasible to use it to measure the learning motivation of students.Keywords: Instruments; Self-assessment; Learning motivation

Development and validation of self-assessment instrument to measure the digital professionalism of healthcare professionals using social media

BackgroundThe use of social media across the globe has risen incrementally. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these sites undeniably provided new avenues for professional networking but also led to a surge in cases of online misconduct. Professionalism instruments and scales do not assess the digital attitude and behaviour of healthcare professionals (HCPs). The purpose of this study was to identify the domains and items of digital professionalism related to social media use and to validate a self-assessment instrument to assess the digital professionalism of HCPs using social media.MethodsAn instrument development multiphase mixed method study (exploratory sequential) was conducted in two phases: item development and qualitative content validation followed by validation of the instrument. Feedback was taken from 15 experts for qualitative content validation in phase 1. In phase 2, content validity was established through three rounds of modified Delphi. Validity evidence was collected for the content (content validity index), response process (cognitive interviews), internal structure (confirmatory factor analysis), and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha).ResultsThe 48-item preliminary instrument was reduced to a 28-item instrument with eight domains: self-anonymity, privacy settings, maintenance of boundaries and confidentiality, conflict of interest, accountability, respect for colleagues, and ethics. The content validity index of the scale was 0.91. The reliability and construct validity of the instrument was established by responses from 500 healthcare professionals from multiple hospitals. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a model with a goodness-of-fit index of 0.86, root mean square error of approximation of 0.06, and observed normed χ2 of 2.7. The internal consistency through Cronbach's alpha α was 0.96.ConclusionThe digital professionalism self-assessment instrument (DP-SAI) has an appropriate level of content and measures the construct reliably. It can be used by medical doctors, dental clinicians, nurses, physiotherapists, and clinical pharmacists to self-assess and reflect on their social media practices. This will help to address these issues to enhance the quality of online communication through various social media platforms.

Self-assessment of soft skills in nursing: construction and content validation of an instrument

Objective: To build and validate an instrument for self-assessment of soft skills in authentic nursing leadership. Methods: This methodological research was developed in three stages: literature review, development of the instrument entitled “LEADERSKILLS”, and validation of the instrument’s content by experts using the Delphi Online Technique. The first stage consisted of two narrative reviews. The second stage included a pilot test for the development of the instrument containing a narrative description of the most relevant soft skills (related to the exercise of authentic leadership by nurses) that were presented by the narrative literature review. The third and final stage included changes to the instrument after considerations made by the experts. Results: In the first round, the panel of experts was composed of 13 participants. Of the 17 multiple-choice questions evaluated in the first round, only two (belonging to the content and language components) did not obtain the Content Validity Index (CVI) ≥0.85. The first question was about the inadequate understanding of what the titles and subtitles of “LEADERSKILLS” were, and the second was about the instrument’s clarity and objectivity. The judges’ main suggestions were concentrated on the content, language, and layout components. The second round consisted of responses from five experts, and reaching a consensus on the questions was possible by obtaining CVI≥0.80. Conclusion: The instrument constructed to develop soft skills in nursing was considered valid in terms of content, layout, language, motivation, and culture, achieving coherent assessment and applicability to the target audience.

Instrumen Penilaian diri Sebagai Salah Satu Penilaian Dimensi Gotong Royong Peserta Didik pada Pelaksanaan Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila

P5 is an initiative aimed at strengthening students' profiles in implementing the values of Pancasila, with a focus on the theme of Sustainable Lifestyle. In order to assess the extent to which this self-assessment instrument can be used as a reliable measurement tool, this research sets out to evaluate the validity and reliability of the instrument. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the self-assessment instrument created as one of the measures of the students' mutual cooperation dimension in the collaboration element with sub-elements of cooperation and positive interdependence in the Strengthening Pancasila Student Profile Project (P5) at SMA Negeri 2 Cileungsi meets the minimum requirements to be considered a good measurement tool in terms of instrument validity and reliability. This research is categorized as Research and Development. The validity testing of this self-assessment instrument uses Aiken's V test, and its item reliability is reviewed using Cronbach's Alpha. Data collection for this study involves teachers who have undergone training on the implementation of P5, resulting in the development of a self-assessment instrument that is then tested on tenth-grade students, totaling 376 participants involved in the implementation of P5 with the theme of Sustainable Lifestyle. By analyzing student responses to the self-assessment questionnaire that measures the dimension of mutual cooperation in the collaboration element with sub-elements of Cooperation and positive interdependence in the implementation of P5, the validity and reliability levels are determined. The validity test results indicate that the validity coefficients in the mutual cooperation dimension are significantly valid at the 1% level for each instrument item. The reliability test results obtained an Alpha coefficient value of 0.805 for the cooperation sub-element and 0.709 for the positive interdependence sub-element, indicating that the assessment instrument can be considered reliable. Thus, it can be concluded that the tested self-assessment instrument is valid and reliable, making it suitable for measuring the dimension of mutual cooperation among students in the implementation of P5.

Content validity testing of the INTERMED Self-Assessment in a sample of adults with rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatology healthcare providers.

Care complexity can occur when patients experience health challenges simultaneously with social barriers including food and/or housing insecurity, lack of transportation or other factors that impact care and patient outcomes. People with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may experience care complexity due to the chronicity of their condition and other biopsychosocial factors. There are few standardised instruments that measure care complexity and none that measure care complexity specifically in people with RA. We assessed the content validity of the INTERMEDS Self-Assessment (IMSA) instrument that measures care complexity with a sample of adults with RA and rheumatology healthcare providers (HCPs). Cognitive debriefing interviews utilising a reparative framework were conducted. Patient participants were recruited through two existing studies where participants agreed to be contacted about future studies. Study information was also shared through email blasts, posters and brochures at rheumatology clinic sites and trusted arthritis websites. Various rheumatology HCPs were recruited through email blasts, and divisional emails and announcements. Interviews were conducted with nine patients living with RA and five rheumatology HCPs. Three main reparative themes were identified: (1) Lack of item clarity and standardisation including problems with item phrasing, inconsistency of the items and/or answer sets and noninclusive language; (2) item barrelling, where items asked about more than one issue, but only allowed a single answer choice; and (3) timeframes presented in the item or answer choices were either too long or too short, and did not fit the lived experiences of patients. Items predicting future healthcare needs were difficult to answer due to the episodic and fluctuating nature of RA. Despite international use of the IMSA to measure care complexity, patients with RA and rheumatology HCPs in our setting perceived that it did not have content validity for use in RA and that revision for use in this population under a reparative framework was unfeasible. Future instrument development requires an iterative cognitive debriefing and repair process with the population of interest in the early stages to ensure content validity and comprehension. Patient and public contributions included both patient partners on the study team and people with RA who participated in the study. Patient partners were involved in study design, analysis and interpretation of the findings and manuscript preparation. Data analysis was structured according to emergent themes of the data that were grounded in patient perspectives and experiences.

Identifying subgroups of eating behavior traits unrelated to obesity using functional connectivity and feature representation learning.

Eating behavior is highly heterogeneous across individuals and cannot be fully explained using only the degree of obesity. We utilized unsupervised machine learning and functional connectivity measures to explore the heterogeneity of eating behaviors measured by a self-assessment instrument using 424 healthy adults (mean ± standard deviation [SD] age = 47.07 ± 18.89 years; 67% female). We generated low-dimensional representations of functional connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and estimated latent features using the feature representation capabilities of an autoencoder by nonlinearly compressing the functional connectivity information. The clustering approaches applied to latent features identified three distinct subgroups. The subgroups exhibited different levels of hunger traits, while their body mass indices were comparable. The results were replicated in an independent dataset consisting of 212 participants (mean ± SD age = 38.97 ± 19.80 years; 35% female). The model interpretation technique of integrated gradients revealed that the between-group differences in the integrated gradient maps were associated with functional reorganization in heteromodal association and limbic cortices and reward-related subcortical structures such as the accumbens, amygdala, and caudate. The cognitive decoding analysis revealed that these systems are associated with reward- and emotion-related systems. Our findings provide insights into the macroscopic brain organization of eating behavior-related subgroups independent of obesity.

Construção e validação de conteúdo de instrumento de autoavaliação da qualidade do cuidado em instituição de longa permanência para pessoas idosas

Abstract Objective To develop and validate the content of a self-assessment instrument for the quality of care in Long-Term Care Facilities for Older Adults (Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos - ILPIs), named QualificaILPI. Method A methodological study conducted between March and December 2021. The instrument was developed based on a multidimensional quality model, Brazilian legislation, and literature research. It contains quality standards for self-assessment of ILPIs in the dimensions of environment, home, care, family and community involvement, work team, and management. Each standard is described and followed by a scale with parameters to classify the level of ILPI quality as incipient, intermediate, or consolidated. The modified Delphi Technique was employed for validation by a committee of 10 experts regarding the relevance of the standard for ILPI quality assessment, the appropriateness of objectives, the evaluation scale, and clarity, allowing for comments. The standard was retained when there was 75% agreement among the experts. The instrument was also evaluated by the target audience, consisting of coordinators from 10 ILPIs selected for convenience. Results In the first assessment cycle, three standards were excluded, and two new ones were created. In the second cycle, the dimension of one standard was changed, and two standards were combined. In the end, 29 standards remained, divided into six dimensions. The target audience, ILPI managers, suggested changes in the wording of some standards. There was a consensus of 80% or higher for all standards. Conclusion QualificaILPI has the potential to contribute to monitoring ILPIs, promoting the improvement of care offered to residents.

Development and content validation for a self-assessment instrument of care quality in long-term care facilities for older adults

Resumo Objetivo Desenvolver e realizar a validação de conteúdo de um instrumento de autoavaliação da qualidade do cuidado em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI), denominado QualificaILPI. Método Estudo metodológico realizado entre março e dezembro de 2021. O instrumento foi desenvolvido com base em modelo multidimensional de qualidade, legislação brasileira e pesquisa bibliográfica e contém padrões de qualidade para autoavaliação das ILPI nas dimensões: ambiente, lar, cuidado, envolvimento familiar e da comunidade, equipe de trabalho e gestão. Cada padrão é descrito e seguido por uma escala, com parâmetros para classificar o nível de qualidade da ILPI em incipiente, intermediário, consolidado. A Técnica Delphi modificada foi empregada para validação por um comitê de 10 especialistas quanto a pertinência do padrão para avaliação da qualidade da ILPI, da adequação dos objetivos e da escala de avaliação, clareza, podendo fazer comentários. O padrão foi mantido quando houve 75% de concordância entre os especialistas. O instrumento foi também avaliado pelo público-alvo, constituído por coordenadores de 10 ILPI, selecionadas por conveniência. Resultados No primeiro ciclo de avaliação, foram excluídos três padrões e dois novos foram criados. No segundo, alterou-se a dimensão de um padrão e dois padrões foram unidos. Ao final, permaneceram 29 padrões divididos em seis dimensões. O público-alvo, gestores de ILPI, sugeriu alterações na redação de alguns padrões. Houve consenso de 80% ou superior em todos os padrões. Conclusão O QualificaILPI poderá contribuir para o monitoramento das ILPI favorecendo a melhoria do cuidado ofertado aos residentes.

Cultural competence training of dieticians: development and preliminary evaluation.

Training can improve healthcare providers' cultural competence and increase their awareness of bias and discrimination in medical decision-making. Cultural competences training is lacking in the education of dieticians in the Netherlands. The aim of this study was to describe the pilot-implementation of a cultural competence training for dieticians and preliminary evaluation of the training. A training was developed based on Seeleman's cultural competence framework and previously held interviews with migrants, dieticians, and experts. The training consisted of a mixture of didactic and experiential methods, alternating knowledge transfer with exercises to increase awareness, reflection, and feed-back on recorded consultations, and communication training with migrant training actors. The training was piloted in 8 participating dieticians and preliminary mixed-method evaluation was done using a Cultural Competence Questionnaire, Experience Evaluation Questionnaire, and consultation observations. The questionnaires showed that dieticians were positive about the training. They found it valuable and educational. Participants reported an increase in self-perceived cultural competence and attitudes. Knowledge and skills remained approximately the same. The observations showed that dieticians applied the teach-back method and discussed treatment options more often after training. There was no increase in the use of visual materials. The training was well appreciated and, although a small-scale pilot, this mixed-method study suggests an ability to change cultural competence. The combination of a self-assessment instrument and consultation observations to evaluate cultural competence was highly valuable and feasible. These encouraging results justify a broader implementation of the training.

Motivational Interviewing with Progressive Muscle Relaxation for Anxiety Disorders in Tuberculosis

Background:Individuals with Tuberculosis (TB) may experience anxiety due to the disease's uncertain treatment, prognosis, and subsequent social judgment. It may affect the patient's motivation to engage in the treatment, boosting its effectiveness and reducing tuberculosis transmission. Interventions are required to help people alleviate their anxiety about tuberculosis. Objective:The primary objective of this study is to investigate how motivational interviewing and progressive muscle relaxation impact anxiety levels among individuals with tuberculosis. Methods:The study employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. Participants were chosen through convenience sampling based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Atotal of 60 clients participated, with 30 assigned to the intervention groups and 30 to the control groups. This study used the Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment instrument. An analysis of differences in anxiety used Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney. Results: In the pre-test, the majority of participants had mild anxiety levels; 70% (49.30 ± 8.526) in the intervention groups and 63.3% (45.43± 8.423) in the control groups. In the post-test, there has been a decrease in anxiety levels in the intervention group at 93.3% (30.90 ± 7.572), but anxiety levels remained the same in the control group of 66.7% (43.97±7.346). According to the statistical analysis, the intervention group achieved a p-value of 0.000, indicating a substantial variance in anxiety levels before and after the intervention. In contrast, the control group recorded a p-value of 0.785, suggesting that there was no significant alteration in anxiety levels before and after the intervention. Conclusion:Progressive muscle relaxation can alleviate tension, and motivational interviewing can boost motivation and help clients deal with anxiety triggers. Both interventions can be considered as extra treatments for tuberculosis patients who experience anxiety

Expansion of Integrated Care in Brazil: the experience of reorganizing the healthcare network in Santana de Parnaíba.

During 2018/2019, the State Department of Health of São Paulo in partnership with the International Center for Integrated Care delivered an integrated care pilot project- Transforming Together. The aim was to co-design and deliver a more integrated system in the North Coast Region and to build the capability of key players in the region and state to sustain the change. The demonstrator project generated knowledge transfer in 2020/2021 through an InterAmerican Development Bank webinar and publications to encourage other municipalities to develop integrated care networks. With their acquired knowledge and experience, a team of local consultants have spread the change methodology to another region.&#x0D; In 2022 a new integrated care project was launched in Santana de Parnaíba-SP, a municipality in the metropolitan region of São Paulo with around 145,000 inhabitants, an HDI of 0.814 and GDP per capita of 12.500 dollars. Primary and secondary care services are already strong, referring patients to the regional network only for tertiary services, and a new hospital is scheduled to open in 2023. The project aims to fully integrate this hospital within the healthcare network and with other sectors.&#x0D; The work plan, co-designed with the municipality, has three workstreams aligned to provision of services and care for the population: a diagnostic phase; technical support for managers; and a ‘train the trainers’ educational programme to build workforce competencies for integrated care. For the diagnostic phase, municipal services were visited, health and social care service data was analyzed and a novel Day of Care Survey applied to understand the current hospital inpatient profile. Workshops with managers from different sectors explored the concepts of integrated care, supported them to map local care pathways and to self assess the maturity of their network using the Scirocco self-assessment instrument. After agreeing the educational programme outline and selecting participants, learning cycles began in July 2022. Six thematic sessions focus on: Integrated Care and Innovation; Management and Assistance Models; Leadership; Participatory Policies; Effective Work Processes; and Governance. The sessions include masterclasses by international experts via videoconference.&#x0D; &#x0D; By November 2022, more than 100 health and social care workers have participated. They have had the opportunity to deepen their knowledge on integrated care, strengthen relationships with colleagues from other services/sectors, understanding the importance of working together between all the actors involved in the care of a person to improve their health and well-being. Managers have a growing understanding of how to tackle the main barriers to people centered integrated care, and how working together across sectors is still deficient. Scirocco tool scores reflected knowledge, certainty and readiness for integrated care.&#x0D; This initiative highlights how implementation can be transferred successfully from one context to another.&#x0D; By using international expertise to build local knowledge and leadership, we have demonstrated a methodology that builds capability for integrated care in the Brazilian system and a support programme that is transferable to different regions in São Paulo state. Scale up of the Transforming Together integrated approach across all states is necessary to strengthen the Brazilian public health system.&#x0D;

A facility-level self-assessment of Autonomous Pharmacy Framework levels.

The objective of this study was to understand at what level of the Autonomous Pharmacy Framework facilities are operating, in terms of the current state of data collection and analysis in the medication-use process, and to gather insights about systems integration and automation use. The Autonomous Pharmacy Advisory Board, a group of chief pharmacy officers and operational leaders, developed a self-assessment instrument based on the previously published Autonomous Pharmacy Framework, made the self-assessment instrument available via the internet, and reviewed respondents' self-reported results. The data collection period for the survey started in March of 2021 and ended in January of 2023. A total of 119 facility-level self-assessments were completed and analyzed. On a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 represented little or no data-driven automation with lots of manual tasks and 5 represented the utmost data-driven automation with few manual tasks, the average overall facility-level score was 2.77 (range, 1.38-4.41). Results revealed slight variance by facility bed capacity. Much more variation was found in the degrees to which individual facilities have automated core processes like inventory management, intravenous medication preparation, and financial reporting. As a baseline, this automation-focused facility self-assessment suggests that for essentially all health-system pharmacy facilities and their larger organizations, a substantial body of work needs to be done to further develop and upgrade technology and practice in tandem, greatly expand data collection and analysis, and thereby achieve better operational, financial, and clinical outcomes. Significant advancements are needed to arrive at the highly reliable, highly automated, data-driven medication-use process involving few repetitive manual tasks envisioned in the Autonomous Pharmacy Framework.

Evaluation of an application for the self-assessment of lifestyle behaviour in cardiac patients.

Currently, no uniform, well-validated and comprehensive lifestyle behaviour self-assessment instrument exists for patients with cardiovascular disease. To evaluate the usability of anovel mobile application (LifeStyleScore) based on validated instruments for the assessment of cardiovascular risk behaviours. Secondly, the application's acceptance by healthcare professionals (HCPs) and its association with improved patient activation and lifestyle behaviour was evaluated. In this single-centre, non-randomised observational pilot study, patients with coronary artery disease or atrial fibrillation entering cardiac rehabilitation (CR) completed the LifeStyleScore application, the Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13®), and the System Usability Scale (SUS) during the CR intake and after CR completion. Afocus group interview was performed with the HCPs involved. We analysed 20participants, 3of whom were women, with amean age of 61.9 ± 6.7years. The LifeStyleScore application was rated with aSUS score above average (> 68) before (69.6 ± 13.4) and after CR (68.6 ± 15.1). All HCPs (n = 8) found the application usable. Patient activation did not increase significantly after CR compared with baseline (62.0 ± 8.6 versus 59.2 ± 9.5, respectively, p = 0.28) and only physical activity levels improved significantly (2.4 ± 0.7 (standardised score) at baseline, 2.8 ± 0.4 after CR, p = 0.04). The LifeStyleScore application was found to be usable for patients receiving CR. Its use did not result in increased patient activation, and of the lifestyle behaviours only physical activity levels improved. Further research is needed to evaluate how such applications can be optimally incorporated in CR programmes.

French version of the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO-fr): psychometric properties in young adults.

The Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO) is a self-assessment instrument designed to measure the level of personality organization. In the present study, we developed and validated a French version (IPO-fr) of this instrument in a population of young adults. Its validity was established on the basis of two studies examining (1) its internal structure, and (2) its convergent validity with the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). In the first study, we assessed the reliability of the internal structure of the French form of the IPO (IPO-fr) in a nonclinical population. Our sample comprised 602 first- and second-year psychology students, with a mean age of 19.40 years (SD = 1.95). The second study assessed the convergent validity of the questionnaire in nonclinical samples, with regard to the three clusters (A, B, and C) of personality disorders, positive and negative affect, and aggression and depressive symptoms. The sample for this second study consisted of 305 first-, second- and third-year psychology students, with a mean age of 19.83 years (SD = 2.12). The French version of the IPO is shorter than the English: 40 items instead of 57. Its internal clarity and its discriminative capacity make it easier to interpret. This study has established the relevance of the IPO-fr as a reliable and brief instrument for assessing individual personality. It could make a major contribution to the screening of personality pathology in the French population and to the assessment of treatment programs.

Impact of a longitudinal course on medical professionalism on the empathy of medical students

ObjectiveMedical education should enhance empathy. We examined, using self-assessment instruments and standardized patients (SPs), the impact on empathy, of a multi-year intervention (years 4–6 of medical training) that uses reflective learning approaches. Methods241 final-year medical students participated; 110 from the 2018 graduation class (non-intervention group) and 131 from the 2019 graduation class (intervention group). Participants completed two self-reported empathy questionnaires – the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Students (JSE-S) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) – and a personality questionnaire, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Additionally, SPs in a simulated station assessed participants’ empathy with two patient-reported instruments: the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) scale and the Jefferson Scale of Patient Perceptions of Physician Empathy (JSPPPE). ResultsEmpathy scores were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the non-intervention group when assessed by the SP (p < 0.001). No differences were found in self-reported questionnaires between the two groups. ConclusionA longitudinal, multi-year reflection-based intervention enhanced empathy amongst medical students as assessed by SPs, but not when assessed by student self-reported measures. Practice ImplicationsMulti-year reflective learning interventions during clinical training nurture empathy in medical students. Assessments completed by SPs or patients may enhance the evaluation of empathy.

Getting ready for teaching with digital technologies: Scenario-based self-assessment in teacher education and professional development

Teachers’ technology-related skills are often measured with self-assessments. However, self-assessments are often criticised for being inaccurate and biased. Scenario-based self-assessment is a promising approach to make self-assessment more accurate and less biased. In this study with N = 552 inservice and student teachers, we validated a scenario-based self-assessment instrument IN.K19+ for teachers. The instrument enables scenario-based self-assessment of instrumental and critical digital skills and technology-related teaching skills for teachers. In a confirmatory factor analysis, we show that the instrument has sufficient factorial validity. To test the predictive validity of the instrument, we examined the instruments’ relationship to the frequency of technology use during teaching and teacher-initiated student learning activities involving digital technologies. Results from structural equation modelling show that instrumental digital skills and technology-related teaching skills are positively related to the frequency of digital technology use during teaching, while critical digital skills are not. In terms of the initiation of student learning activities, instrumental and critical digital skills show relationships with initiating student learning activities that include lower cognitive engagement. Technology-related teaching skills are related to initiating learning activities that indicate higher cognitive engagement. The results show that instrumental and critical digital skills play an important role with respect to the basic use of digital technologies in the classroom, while technology-related teaching skills turn out to be crucial for more complex scenarios of digital technology use. This pattern of findings supports the predictive validity of the IN.K19+ instrument.