Self-assembly Of Janus Particles Research Articles

Equilibrium and self-assembly of Janus particles at liquid-liquid interfaces for the film formation

This article investigates the equilibrium arrangement, self-assembly process, and subsequent curing of amphiphilic snowman-shaped Janus particles at the oil-water interface. The independent Janus particles are in vertical equilibrium state and the contact position of the oil-water interface is at the largest cross section of the particle’s hydrophobic phase. Under the effect of the surface tension and the adsorption of materials, Janus particles may form particle combinations including the particle pairs and the particle triangle, whose inner and outer sides have the liquid surface exhibiting completely opposite contact angles. Particle combinations form stable parallel double-chain structures with diverse shapes after the self-assembly process. However, the single Janus particles attain a state of mechanical equilibrium under the influence of surrounding particles, enabling them to assemble into regular array structures. The relationship of interfacial tension coefficient between phases can be changed by adjusting the oil-water system, which leads to variations in the self-assembly speed and the final arrangement results. The thin-film with uniformly distributed vertical particles is achieved by replacing the underlying deionized water with a curing agent. Based on the understanding of the interactions between irregularly shaped Janus particles at the oil-water interface, it will be convenient to achieve the controllable self-assembly and widely applications of these particles.

Substrate wettability guided oriented self assembly of Janus particles

Self-assembly of Janus particles with spatial inhomogeneous properties is of fundamental importance in diverse areas of sciences and has been extensively observed as a favorably functionalized fluidic interface or in a dilute solution. Interestingly, the unique and non-trivial role of surface wettability on oriented self-assembly of Janus particles has remained largely unexplored. Here, the exclusive role of substrate wettability in directing the orientation of amphiphilic metal-polymer Bifacial spherical Janus particles, obtained by topo-selective metal deposition on colloidal Polymestyere (PS) particles, is explored by drop casting a dilute dispersion of the Janus colloids. While all particles orient with their polymeric (hydrophobic) and metallic (hydrophilic) sides facing upwards on hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates respectively, they exhibit random orientation on a neutral substrate. The substrate wettability guided orientation of the Janus particles is captured using molecular dynamic simulation, which highlights that the arrangement of water molecules and their local densities near the substrate guide the specific orientation. Finally, it is shown that by spin coating it becomes possible to create a hexagonal close-packed array of the Janus colloids with specific orientation on differential wettability substrates. The results reported here open up new possibilities of substrate-wettability driven functional coatings of Janus particles, which has hitherto remained unexplored.

Research Advances in the Synthesis, Application, Assembly, and Calculation of Janus Materials

Janus materials with anisotropy shapes and chemical compositions, including Janus particles, Janus nanosheets, and Janus membranes, have a great significance in the development of new functional materials and expansion of the properties and applications of materials. This review summarizes recent works on Janus materials of preparation, application, assembly, and calculation. First, we briefly sort out the methods of preparing Janus particles and discuss the factors influencing the structure, shape, and size of Janus particles, pointing out their advantages and the direction of improvement. Then, we introduce in detail the applications field from a single Janus particle, assembly of Janus particles, 2D Janus nanosheet, and Janus membrane. We summarize the recent research on the self-assembly of Janus particles and point out the role of the combination of computational simulation and experiment in the research of Janus material. Finally, the research process of Janus materials is reviewed, and the development tendencies of Janus materials and the problems to be solved are summarized.

Self-assembly of Janus particles into helices with tunable pitch.

Janus particles present an important class of building blocks for directional assembly. These are compartmentalized colloids with two different hemispheres. In this work we consider a three-dimensional model of Janus spheres that contain one hydrophobic and one charged hemisphere. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study the morphology of these particles when confined in a channel-like environment. The interplay between the attractive and repulsive forces on each particle gives rise to a rich phase space where the relative orientation of each particle plays a dominant role in the formation of large-scale clusters. The interest in this system is primarily due to the fact that it could give a better understanding of the mechanisms of the formation of polar membranes. A variety of ordered membranelike morphologies is found consisting of single and multiple connected chain configurations. The helicity of these chains can be chosen by simply changing the salt concentration of the solution. Special attention is given to the formation of Bernal spirals. These helices are composed of regular tetrahedra and are known to exhibit nontrivial translational and rotational symmetry.

Self-assembly of Janus particles under shear.

We investigate the self-assembly of colloidal Janus particles under shear flow by employing hybrid molecular dynamics simulations that explicitly take into account hydrodynamic interactions. Under quiescent conditions, the amphiphilic colloids form spherical micellar aggregates of different sizes, where the solvophobic hemispheres are directed towards the core and the solvophilic caps are exposed to the solvent. When sufficiently strong shear is applied, the micelles disaggregate with a consequent decay of the average cluster size. Nonetheless, we find an intermediate shear rate regime where the balance between rearrangement and dissociation favors the growth of the aggregates. Additionally, our simulations show that clusters composed of either 6 or 13 particles are the most stable towards the shear flow due to their high geometric symmetry. Our findings open up a new range of applications for Janus particles, ranging from biotechnology to sensor systems.

Reversible Janus particle assembly via responsive host-guest interactions.

Reversible assembly of Janus particles was manipulated by host-guest interaction of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and azobenzene. One side of every Janus particle was modified with β-CD. Superstructures of Janus particles were formed by adding azobenzene-containing polymers to the dispersion of Janus particles. The superstructures were reversibly disassembled by adding α-CD or light irradiation.

Self-assembly of Janus Particles

Self-assembly of Janus Particles

Janus Particle Synthesis and Assembly

Janus particles, colloid-sized particles with two regions of different surface chemical composition, possess energetic interactions that depend not only on their separation but also on their orientation. Research on Janus and colloidal particles that are chemically patchy in even more complicated fashion has opened a new chapter in the colloid research field. This article highlights recent progress in both experiment and theory regarding synthesis and self-assembly of Janus particles, and tentatively outlines some areas of future opportunity.

Janus Particles at Liquid−Liquid Interfaces

Following recent theoretical predictions, we report on the first experiments on the interfacial activity of so-called Janus nanoparticles (i.e., bifacial particles consisting of a gold and an iron oxide moiety). Using pendant drop tensiometry, we show that the amphiphilicity derived from the Janus character of the particles leads to a significantly higher interfacial activity compared to that of the respective homogeneous particles of the same size. The self-assembly of Janus particles at the hexane-water interface results in a significant decrease in the interfacial tension. Furthermore, we demonstrate control over the interfacial activity by tuning the particles' amphiphilicity via ligand-exchange reactions.