Self-administered Close-ended Questionnaire Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice towards Rabies in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Rabies is a fatal infectious viral disease that affects all warm-blooded mammals, including humans. Rabid dogs are commonly found in Egypt. By assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards Rabies in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt, this KAP study aimed to improve knowledge of the populations dealing with infected wounds and rabid animals. It also aimed to generate baseline data that would be a reference for evaluating community awareness and aid in developing and administering appropriate rabies prevention strategies. This is a cross-sectional study that was carried out from June 2020 to October 2022 to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of six different towns and villages from the El Gharbia government, Egypt, regarding rabies. A self-administered closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect the data from 326 participants by convenient sampling. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 21 using descriptive analysis and the Chi-square test. Most of the respondents (73.6%) had heard about rabies mainly from mixed sources (formal and informal sources). The bite was considered to be the only mode of transmission of rabies by 49.4% of respondents, and only 10.7% and 14.4% of respondents answered that it could be transmitted by scratching and saliva contact, respectively. Nearly half of the participants (52.1%) believed that biting and sudden changes in behavior are the clinical signs and symptoms of rabies in humans. Most of the participants (70.9 %) knew that rabies could be prevented by vaccination, but (57.1%) of them did not know about the almost 100% fatal nature of rabies once the clinical signs developed. Residency, educational status, and age were found to be significantly associated with KAP of rabies (P<0.05). There is a need for educational campaigns and mass media programs in the El Gharbia government, Egypt to increase the awareness of the community about rabies.

Assessment of Health Care Workers' Attitude towards PMTCT of HIV at Primary Health Care Center in Minna Metropolis, Niger State

Human immunodeficiency virus is grouped into the genus Lentivirus within the family of retroviridean, a subfamily of retrovirinae. Since its emergence, it has remained a global public health crisis with approximately 39.0 million (33.1 – 45.7 mil) people living with HIV globally in 2022, with some countries reporting increased trends in new infections and it is incurable. There has been documented success in decreasing new cases and mortality resulting from HIV/AIDS globally; however, in sub-Saharan Africa, the rate of new infections has increased disproportionately among young women. Thus, the region accounts for about 9 – 10 women and children living with HIV. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV occurs when HIV is transmitted from the mother to the child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, although the rate of MTCT of HIV in high-income countries has significantly reduced to less than 1% in some low-income countries, MTCT of HIV remains high at 8.9%, and about 90% of HIV infection in children occurs through MTCT of HIV. Prevention of Mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV is recommended to curb the menace of MTCT of HIV (Falnes et al., 2010). It involves a series of events, services, or interventions, which, when fully implemented, result in a reduction in the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016) that involves the use of drugs and non-drug-related services. Health care workers play an important role in the provision of services and interventions aimed at reducing HIV transmission. Therefore, this study intends to Asses Health Care Workers' Attitude Towards PMTCT of HIV At Primary Health Care Center. The study is an institutional-based cross-sectional descriptive survey study. The sample size was calculated using the formula of Yamane (1967), a multistage sampling was used to select sampling unit. A self-administered closed-ended questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection, all responses to the completed questionnaire were coded and entered into SPSS v25.0, edited, and checked accordingly. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the frequency distribution and measures of central tendency, whereas inferential statistics were used to determine the relationship between the study variables. The study finding reveals that the general attitude score of the respondents on PMTCT of HIV was Positive (3.1) and there is a statistically significant level of association between years of work and attitude (p&lt;0.024). In this study, it can be concluded that the level of health care workers attitude towards PMTCT of HIV was positive and there is a statistically significant level of association between years of work and attitude. This shows that health care workers with more year of working experience have a better attitude, this could be related to the fact that they have more contact time and training on PMTCT and HIV in general, it is recommended that further studies be conducted to the explore the reason behind the statistical association above.

Oral Health Awareness and Oral Hygiene Practices among Married Women of Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

Abstract Objective Awareness of mothers about oral health and their oral hygiene practices may benefit both maternal and infant oral health. This study assessed the oral health awareness and oral hygiene practices among married females. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 430 females using a self-administered close-ended questionnaire that was distributed through WhatsApp application. Chi-squared test and t-test were applied with significance level of p-value less than or equal to 0.05. Results Three hundred and fifty-six females responded to the survey. Ninety percent women brushed their teeth daily, 52% used dental floss, and 58% used mouthwash. Seventy-nine percent patients visited a dentist when had a dental problem. Females more than or equal 75% think that dentist visit is important or consider it safe and 34% had visited the dentist during pregnancy. Sixty-eight percent women think that incidence of oral disease increases during pregnancy, and 42% agreed that oral disease affect the baby's oral health. Sixty-seven percent were aware that women could develop pregnancy gingivitis and 8% think that poor oral health can lead to birth of premature baby. Mothers with less than or equal to 10 years of married life have shown significantly (≤0.04) higher knowledge and good oral hygiene practices than other older mothers. Regression analysis showed a significant (p ≤ 0.035) relationship between incidence of oral disease in pregnancy with married life years; effect of oral disease on baby' health with age and occupation; use of dental floss with income and living area; knowledge of pregnancy gingivitis with number of children; effect of bad oral hygiene on pregnancy outcome with income; and dentist visit during pregnancy with married life years. Conclusion Females with higher education, less years of married life, and higher number of children were better aware of oral health and oral hygiene practices and its effect on their baby's oral health.

Communication Channels of Breast Cancer Screening Awareness Campaigns Among Women Presenting for Mammography in Ghana

ObjectiveThe channels and content of communication play an integral role in creating breast cancer screening awareness. Although breast cancer screening awareness campaigns are increasing in Ghana, no study has been conducted to investigate the communication channels used by these campaigns. This study aimed to identify the most effective source of breast cancer screening awareness information among women presenting for mammography in Ghana. MethodsEthical approval was sought before data collection. A cross-sectional quantitative approach was adopted for the study and involved 192 women who visited two mammography centers in October 2020 for mammography screening. A self-administered closed-ended questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out using SPSS version 26. ResultsA total of 192 responses were obtained. Of them, 72 (37.5%) participants had diploma/Higher National Diploma/degree education, with 105 (54.7%) of them being traders or nonprofessionals. All participants had heard of mammography screening and examination before this study. Mass media was the most common source of information on mammography screening (86 [44.8%]), of which radio was the highest subcategory (34 [39.5%]). Moreover, women presenting for mammography in Ghana demonstrated a high level of knowledge of breast cancer screening. DiscussionMass media is the most common source of information on breast cancer screening awareness in Ghana and has the potential to positively impact sensitization programs by reaching out to more women. There is a need to engage the Ghanaian population using mass media and health facilities to maximize the impact of breast cancer screening awareness campaigns.

Assessment of patients’ knowledge, attitude and practice of cross-infection control in the dental clinic during COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly contagious disease that causes viral respiratory illness, has changed the lifestyle of humans worldwide. Dental practitioners and patients are at high risk of infection during their routine practice due to their exposure to saliva, blood, and droplet production.&#x0D; Aim: To gain insight into the patient’s viewpoint regarding the practice, altitude, and knowledge of COVID-19 and its transmission and cross-infection in dental clinics.&#x0D; Methods: This was cross–sectional analytic survey in dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic. A self-administered close-ended questionnaire consisting of 32 variables was distributed among the study participants. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The level of significance was p ≤ 0.05.&#x0D; Results: The age of the participants varied from 20 - 58 years, with a mean age of 34.6 ±5. The majority (89.3%) felt COVID-19 was a highly contagious disease, while 50.0% of the respondents believed that the most common route of COVID-19 transmission in dentistry is through aerosols. The majority, 78.6%, recorded good knowledge of infection control following the COVID-19 outbreak. The number of married patients who had good knowledge of cross-infection control was 118, which was statistically significant.&#x0D; Conclusion: From the study, it is evident that the patients possess a good range of knowledge in both preventive and cross-infection protocols to follow during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the same cannot be said about the practice.

Entrepreneurial Agility: a key to notch ‘Sustainable Business Performance’ in IT-Enterprises of Pakistan

Entrepreneurial agility is an emerging phenomenon that circumambient over the last two decades. It refers to an individual or organizational capability to anticipate, visualize, and exploit unforeseen entrepreneurial challenges and opportunities existed in market. The study is intended to determine the role of entrepreneurial agility inn creating sustainable business performance among IT-enterprises through the mediation of business model innovation. Additionally, the study also tested the moderation of environmental dynamism between a) entrepreneurial agility and sustainable business performance and b) entrepreneurial agility and business model innovation. Overall, the study established moderated mediation framework about creating sustainable business performance in IT-enterprises via key of ‘entrepreneurial agility’. In this study, quantitative research approach is adopted to gather data from 215 respondents of IT-enterprises across Pakistan by using self-administered close-ended questionnaire. For sample selection, convenience sampling is used. Moreover, SPSS-24 (PROCESS macro) is used to test the moderated mediation framework about role of entrepreneurial agility in creating sustainable business performance through mediation of business model innovation and moderation of environmental dynamism. The empirical findings demonstrated that entrepreneurial agility has statistical significant effect on business model innovation and sustainable business performance. Likewise, business model innovation is also evidenced as antecedent of sustainable business performance. Moreover, mediation of business model innovation and positive moderation of environmental dynamism is also proved. This study is purely unique as it presented the moderated mediation framework of entrepreneurial agility, business model innovation, and sustainable business performance under the umbrella of environmental dynamism that were never tested and presented by anyone in context of IT-enterprises of developing countries like Pakistan. The study is enriched with certain theoretical and practical implications for body of knowledge, researchers, policy makers and practitioners. Current study highlighted the need and significance of entrepreneurial agility for IT-enterprises to get sustainable business performance. Moreover, this study is limited with cross-sectional empirical research in context of IT industry of Pakistan that created opportunities for upcoming researchers.

PATIENT’S PERCEPTION ABOUT CROSS-INFECTION PREVENTION IN NISHTER INSTITUTE OF DENTISTRY (NID), MULTAN, PAKISTAN

Cross-contamination is the transmission of microbial agents from one subject to another. It can be spread from individual to individual or through infected agents. The source of cross-infection can be saliva, blood, body secretions, infected instruments with blood, and necrotic tissue debris. Every year lives are lost because of the spread of infections in hospitals becomes a serious cause of world public health issues. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a consecutive sampling technique was applied in the periodontology department of Nishter Institute of Dentistry, Multan. 450 participants completed a questionnaire. Self-administered close-ended questionnaire in the English language was used and used local language to familiarize with the questionnaire. Results of the study revealed that 68 – 89% of the participants had a satisfactory level of knowledge about infection and infection prevention and most of them were well educated. 239 participants perceived that AIDS and Hepatitis can be transmitted during dental treatment. Regarding self-reported practice, most of the participants were aware of the fact that sterilized instruments should be used during dental treatment. 89.8% of participants stated that dentists should wear gloves and facemasks to prevent cross-infection from dentist to patient and vice versa. There was a statistically significant difference between occupation and personal protective equipment. There was enough knowledge and awareness of patients presented to the periodontology department of Nishter Institute of Dentistry regarding the infections which can spread in dental clinics like hepatitis and AIDS. There is an increased need in enhancing the awareness of the patients through social media, and also a need to provide knowledge of patients about cross-infection and how can it be prevented through educational programs both for the patients and service providers. It can also be done through awareness campaigns in different shopping places and educational institutes and public places. Key Words: Infection control guidelines, Personal protective equipment, Health care workers, World Health Organization, Centre of Disease Control

Determinants Influencing Knowledge Sharing Behavior A Case Study Among Banking Members in Vietnam

Due to the increasing competition of financial sector, banks are striving for their tangible and intangible benefits. Banks can get the sustainable competitive advantage in the market by enhancing their performance through knowledge sharing behavior. The study aims to evaluate different factors level influencing knowledge sharing behavior among banking members in Vietnam. The model and hypotheses are developed based on quantitative research. Data was collected through self-administered close-ended questionnaire from a sample of 432 banking members. For analysis purpose, SPSS 22 were used to confirm the validity concerns and determine the proposed relationship among selected variables. The output reveals that useage of social media are the strongest influencers of students’ satisfaction, followed by knowledge self-efficacy, management support, knowledge management, social trust and Personal use of IT infrastructure, while Reward System, Bank are found to have no impact on knowledge sharing behavior. This study provides a ‘snapshot’ to the management about the provision of current situation and proposes suggestions to improve the sharing culture within minimum resources to get the sustainable competitive advantage in the market. Keywords: Evaluation, knowledge sharing behavior, knowledge management, banking sector, banking members. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/14-8-02 Publication date: April 30 th 2023

Exploration of Indian plus-size women's ready-to-wear: problems and preferences

PurposeBody positivity movement empowered plus-size women globally to speak up boldly about their clothing needs. Retailers cannot satisfy this group with some classic style offerings anymore. By taking clue from existing literature, this study aims to identify clothing preferences and problems related to ready-made plus-size clothing in India. Although many past literature pointed out about poorly fitted and size unavailability issues worldwide, very few of them addressed about clothing style preferences.Design/methodology/approachA self-administered close-ended questionnaire was used to answer a set of objectives. A pilot study with 40 plus-size women was carried out to check the reliability and validity of the instrument. Four hundred subject's data were gathered from six Indian cities with a purpose of varied geographical importance. Statistical tests like binomial distribution was used to analyze fit-related problems of 12 bodily sites such as shoulder, upper arm, lower arm, bust, waist, stomach, abdomen, hip, thigh, lower leg, armhole and elbow, and frequency charts were used to examine Likert scale data of sizing problems. The choices of 12 clothing styles were mapped through four factors which affect the purchasing decision of a plus-size woman.FindingsPoor-fitted clothes at 10 body sites out of the 12 reflected about the fit aspect of plus-size clothing in India. Findings associated to sizing issues like unavailability of trendy clothes in appropriate sizes, which also adorn Indian curvy figure, shows synonymy to the worldwide researcher's findings related to sizing chaos. Classic silhouettes like Straight Indian kurti, A-line dresses and regular-fit trousers were majorly preferred by women. Hiding body bulges was mostly preferred while purchasing loose-fitted garments, and fitted garments were preferred only if these suits to the curvy body proportion. Appropriate fit and size availability are always a prime requisite for this class of women.Originality/valueThe outcomes of research will help Indian retailers/manufacturers to update their patterns in order to provide desired fit. In this lacuna of standard size chart, the study will add value in the development of Indian plus-size women's size chart. The factor mapping with clothing preferences will be useful to reduce rejections and inventories.

Factors Influencing Consumer Behavior to Purchase Vegan Cosmetics in Vietnam

The research aims to examine the factors that significantly influenced consumer behavior to purchase vegan cosmetics in Vietnam, including Reference Group, Consumer Perception, Salesperson Attitude, Product Quality, Price, Place, Promotion, and Brand. Data was collected through self-administered close-ended questionnaire from a sample of 480 consumers in Vietnam. For analysis purpose, SPSS 22 were used to confirm the validity concerns and determine the proposed relationship among selected variables. The output reveals that product quality is the strongest influencers of consumer behaviour to purchase vegan cosmetics, followed by Reference Group, Salesman Attitude, Place, Price, Promotion, Brand and Consumer Perception. This study provides a ‘snapshot’ to the government and cosmetics businesses about the determinants of consumer behaviour to purchase vegan cosmetics in Vietnam. Keywords: factors, consumer behaviour, vegan cosmetics DOI: 10.7176/JESD/14-6-03 Publication date: March 31 st 2023

Knowledge Attitude and Practices of Health Care Workers towards Colorectal Cancer Screening in Primary Care Settings in Durban, South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Survey

BACKGROUND: South Africa has the highest number of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in sub-Saharan Africa, with the CRC projected new cases at 8 000 per 100&amp;nbsp;000 population by 2030. Screening assists with the early detection and control of cancer. This study determined knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) related to CRC among Health Care Workers (HCWs).&#x0D; &#x0D; METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between April and November 2021 using a self-administered close-ended questionnaire. Data was collected from 109 HCWs in public primary health care facilities in Durban, South Africa. Summary descriptive and association analysis were conducted using IBM SPSS vs. 28.&#x0D; &#x0D; RESULTS: Overall CRC screening knowledge score was 12% (mean 13) with 39% that were familiar with the National Department of Health Cancer Control framework. Only 15% of participants perceived the Perceived the National Cancer Control Guidelines to be influential for the implementation of colorectal cancer screening. 70% of participants would recommend CRC screening to patients. Over one-fifth, (22%) of participants felt that fecal occult blood, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy were effective for CRC screening. Over a third (44%) preferred a structured CRC screening programme. Most participants (81%) were willing to recommend CRC screening to their patients. Only 10% of participants had ever conducted colorectal screening before. The vast majority were unfamiliar with the types of CRC screening tests. Lack of CRC screening guidelines, training, equipment and CRC low burden were identified as barriers to screening.&#x0D; &#x0D; CONCLUSION: The vast majority of HCWs lacked knowledge of the CRC screening programme and its procedures. However, the vast majority of HCWs were willing to conduct screening once trained. This study also highlighted perceived health systems barriers affecting CRC screening. Currently, South Africa does not have national guidelines for CRC screening in South Africa, hence, a national risk differentiation CRC screening guideline is needed to guide implementation at the PHC level. Health systems strengthening interventions, including training of HCWs, availability of screening tests and materials to facilitate the integration of CRC screening noting that PH already implements screening programmes for other cancer types.&amp;nbsp;

Knowledge and Perception of dental students towards Hepatitis B and C infection in South Indian dental college

Context: Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) are known threats to health-care professionals. Optimum knowledge and healthy perception are essential armor that can help dental professionals in treating these patients ethically and safely. Aims: The aim of the study is to assess knowledge and perception of dental students toward hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection. Settings and Designs: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and perception of 100 dental undergraduates toward hepatitis B and C infections in a dental college. Subjects and Methods: A self-administered close-ended questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive analysis was done, frequencies and percentages were calculated, and Chi-square test was done. Results: The knowledge of dental students regarding hepatitis C was found to be lacking in comparison to hepatitis B. There was found to be some negativity in the perception of dental students toward treating hepatitis B and C patients; however, it was higher toward hepatitis C. Conclusions: Improvising awareness and knowledge toward hepatitis C can be stressed in dental institutions to equip dental students to treat patients ideally. Counseling can be introduced to improvise attitude toward treatment HBV- and HCV-positive patients.

An Assessment of the Relationship between Parenting Styles and Self-Esteem among Children in Late Childhood and Adolescence: A Case of Tumaini Primary School in Kayole Zone, Embakasi West Sub-County, Nairobi County, Kenya

Globally, parents are using different parenting styles to raise their children which is known to have an impact on their self-esteem development. This in turn impairs their overall well-being and development in different aspects of their lives. The objectives of the study were to establish the different parenting styles employed by parents of children aged 9-15 years old; assess the type of self-esteem associated with different parenting styles among the children in the target population; and evaluate the relationship between socio demographic characteristics of the children, their self-esteem, and parenting styles employed among them. Both correlational and descriptive research designs were used, and the entire target population, 1201 pupils, formed the study sample. A self-administered closed-ended questionnaire was used to obtain quantitative data. The questionnaire had three sections: socio-demographics, PSDQ, and CSEI. Data was analyzed via SPSS, version 20. Some of the study findings were that the authoritarian parenting style was the most prevalent (70.4% identified it) among the respondents which negatively impacted their self-esteem development (M= 34-02 ±5.38), (r= -0.51); half (50.2%) of the respondents concealed their self-esteem status; the authoritarian and dismissive parenting styles exhibited high defensiveness(r=0.35, r=0.011), respectively; respondents parents’ ages influenced both variables – mothers (p=0.005, p=0.011) and fathers (p=0.000); and single mother households (p=0.001) significantly influenced both variables. Among other recommendations, the study recommends the provision of more available counseling services to children in late adulthood and adolescence and sensitization of parents on the different parenting styles as well as the effect of each style on children’s self-esteem development.

Appropriateness of Covid-19 vaccine and misconceptions among Pakistani population: a web-based national survey

Background: Uncertainty about any kind of medication will be a potential threat. Hesitancy regarding vaccination is a danger to overall global public health. Since it’s the first-time global efforts were made to develop a vaccine against the pandemic of COVID-19. So, this is unknown its acceptance in the community. Getting information regarding the key determinants that influence and potential myths about the vaccine might help full to develop strategies that can help improve the vaccination programs globally. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, its determinants, and myths about the vaccine among people in Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive web-based based study was done, using snowball sampling, bilingual, and a self-administered close-ended questionnaire was sent to participants through google forms on social media platforms and email. Results: A total of 463 participants from all over Pakistan showed the minimum level of secondary education. The occupational status of the participants showed that (45.1%) were currently employed. Vaccination and their perception can be influenced by educational/socioeconomic statuses, participants were also asked about factors they considered to be the most influential in terms of encouraging and discouraging. Fear of getting an infection was the most encouraging factor (39.1%) for people to get vaccinated, whereas adverse effects via social and digital media were the most demotivating factor (36.5%). Participants were asked the reasons for their reluctance; most were afraid of an allergic reaction to the vaccine. The various myths and misconceptions associated with the Covid vaccine showed by logistic regression analysis for factors that were potentially associated with the intake of covid vaccination. Conclusion: Addressing educational/sociodemographic factors relating to the COVID-19 vaccination might help encourage the uptake of the vaccination program globally which also tackles future pandemics.

Social entrepreneurship and networking challenges: Impact on sustainable development in South Africa

The overwhelming complexity of achieving sustainable development globally, including in South Africa, requires the networking and partnerships of all stakeholders. This paper reports networking challenges affecting social entrepreneurship’s contribution to sustainable development. The study aimed to investigate and analyze the impact of networking challenges on social entrepreneurship contribution to sustainable development in the townships in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province. The study is quantitative and was conducted in three KZN township communities. The sample consisted of 90 social entrepreneurs selected using a snowball sampling technique. The respondents completed a self-administered close-ended questionnaire (employing a five-point Likert scale). The data were analyzed using SPSS (27.0 version). Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.808 indicated the reliability of the questionnaire as a measuring instrument for this study. The study revealed that lack of partnerships and networking with other social entrepreneurs, insufficient networking and partnership with corporate organizations, absence of networking and partnerships with government, and lack of platform use for social networking, affect social entrepreneurs’ activities. A chi-square test also revealed that all the tested variables were statistically significant, with a p-value = .000.

AN EVALUATION OF STUDENTS’ SATISFACTION WITH THE QUALITY OF UNDERGRADUATE BUSINESS ENGLISH PROGRAMS (THE CASE OF ECONOMIES UNIVERSITIES IN HANOI)

Due to the increasing competition of educational sector, universities are striving for their brand positioning. As an intangible service sector, universities can get the sustainable competitive advantage in the market by providing the excellent service quality. The study aims to evaluate students' satisfaction with the quality of Business English (BE) programs at economics universities in Hanoi, Vietnam. The model and hypotheses are developed based on quantitative research. Data was collected through self-administered close-ended questionnaire from a sample of 360 students. For analysis purpose, SPSS 22 were used to confirm the validity concerns and determine the proposed relationship among selected variables. The output reveals that lecturers are the strongest influencers of students’ satisfaction, followed by reputation, facilities and curriculum while administrative support is found to have no impact on students’ satisfaction. This study provides a ‘snapshot’ to the university management about the provision of current service quality and proposes suggestions to improve the service quality within minimum resources to get the sustainable competitive advantage in the market.

Awareness of medicolegal aspects among dental practitioners of India

Statement of the Problem:In today’s era there has been a tremendous change in the doctor patient’s relationship leading to litigationswhich the medical and dental professionals have to face in their day to day practice. This trend is very disturbing and doctors find themselves standing on crossroads, as to how to proceed with patient’s treatment and care. Thus it is vital that all doctors and healthcare workers should be aware of the medical ethics and law. Purpose:The present study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of dental professionals practicing in India towards the awareness of medicolegal aspects. Materials and Method: In the present study, a self-administered closed-ended questionnaire was designed to conduct a cross-sectional study. It was distributed among 1077 dentists in various states of India. The questionnaire comprised 26 questions regarding knowledge and attitude of dentists towards awareness of medicolegal aspects. Frequency distribution and chi-square test along with paired t-test were used to compare the data obtained between the BDS and MDS dentists along with comparision on the basis of their age group and years of experience.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices regarding Oral Health among Patients Visiting a Medical College

Introduction: Poor oral health affects quality of life. Experience of pain, eating, and chewing problems; embarrassment about shape of teeth or about missing, discoloured or damaged teeth can adversely affect people's daily lives and well-being. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding oral health among patients visiting a medical college. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Nobel Medical College, after obtaining ethical clearance from the institutional review committee. Convenience sampling technique was utilised for data collection from 2021 March to 2021 June. Total of 250 patients visiting Department of Community and Public Health Dentistry and Department of Periodontics were included. Data on the oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices, were collected by means of a self-administered closed-ended questionnaire. Prior written informed consent was taken from all the study participants. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: Total of 250 outpatients participated in this study out of which 167 (66.8%) were males and 83 (33.2%) were females. Majority, 170 (68%) brushed their teeth for &lt;3 minutes, and only 25 (10%) subjects used interdental aids. More than half of respondents were aware about the role of tobacco in oral cancer and its impact on general health. Majority (88, 35%) yielded sources of information about oral health from radio and television. Conclusions: The knowledge and attitude regarding oral health in selected population was low. Hence, to promote good oral health and education about correct oral hygiene practices, there is need for conducting oral health education programs at periodic intervals.

Study Habits/Attitudes among University of Cape Coast One-Year, 3-Semester B. Ed Programme Cohort 1 Students at Koforidua SDA College of Education Study Centre

This study was conducted to determine the study habits/attitudes among the University of Cape Coast one-year, 3-semester B.Ed. Programme Cohort 1 students at Koforidua SDA College of Education study centre. A sample of 185 students was selected using the simple random sampling technique. A self-administered close-ended questionnaire was used to gather data from the respondents sampled for the study. Data were analysed with frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation, etc. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that it is good habit for students to read materials prior to it being covered in the class. Again, the study concluded that female and male students do not show variance/difference in study habits. It is recommended that when facilitators actively engage students in lesson, it will help improve their learning habits/attitudes. Also, when facilitators pay attention to individual needs of students, it motivates them to improve their study habits/attitudes.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding E-cigarettes among the smokers in Metropolitan city of Western India

Background: Most people still remain unaware of the detrimental effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Hence the present study was conducted to assess the awareness about the use and harmful effects of e-cigarettes among young adults in Pune. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire study was conducted among the smokers in Pune city regarding the use of e-cigarettes. The structured, self-administered close-ended questionnaire was designed to collect the data which consisted of three parts and comprised of 30 questions. The reliability and validity of the instrument were calculated. Informed consent was also taken from participants. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive analysis. Results: In this study there were total of 150 participants between 18 to 75 years of age. Out of 150 participants, 132 participants were male and 17 were female. About 55.4% participants used e-cigarettes while 44.6% participants did not use e-cigarettes. Conclusion: From the data collected, the attitude of the population towards use of e-cigarette was assessed; hence more comprehensive awareness program should be needed in population.