Selective Advantage Research Articles

Synthesis of hydrophilic sulfur-doped carbon aerogel microspheres and their mechanism of efficient removal of Sb(III) from aqueous solution

Antimony pollution is well recognized to induce cancer and deformity. By polymerization technique, a carbon aerogel microsphere (Ce@SCA) modified by Ce and S with micron size, well-developed pore structure, and large specific surface area was created. Ce@SCA exhibited the advantages of efficient selectivity and high adsorption capacity for Sb(III) in water. The highest adsorption capacity derived using the Sips isothermal model was 345.18 mg∙g−1, and the Sb (III) adsorption process was thermodynamically estimated as spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy-decreasing chemisorption. Meanwhile, Ce@SCA can convert highly toxic Sb(Ⅲ) into Sb(Ⅴ), which is suitable for the remediation of antimony-contaminated water bodies. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) were analyzed to elucidate the adsorption mechanism and to propose optimized adsorption configurations. A considerable number of –OH and -SH on the surface may increase the binding site of Sb, and the creation of S-Sb, O-Sb, and Ce-O-Sb covalent bonds was the key to Sb adsorption. This research provides a simple method for preparing cerium oxide-loaded and sulfur-doped carbon aerogel (Ce@SCA) with mild conditions and no hazardous waste, which also has superior adsorption properties for Sb (III) and high reusability.

A multiline fitting method for measuring ethylene concentration based on WMS-2f/1f

Coal spontaneous combustion risk assessment is a global technical challenge for the sustainable development of deep mining technology, and C2H4 is a key indicator for early warning of coal spontaneous combustion. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) has the advantages of high selectivity, high sensitivity, high accuracy and real-time on-line measurement, and it can detect multiple gases simultaneously, so it has significant advantages in the accurate detection of coal spontaneous combustion indicator gases. To address the problem of cross-interference between the near-infrared absorption lines of CH4 and C2H4, which are the indicator gases of spontaneous combustion in coal, a multi-line fitting method was proposed in this study to calibrate the concentration of C2H4. The high-precision Environics2000 automatic standard gas dispenser from the United States, which has a built-in CPU computer control and data control and processing system, was used. Its gas concentration accuracy: ± 1.0%, gas flow accuracy: ± 1.0%, gas repeatability accuracy: ± 1.0%, flow linearity accuracy: ± 0.5%, and inlet operating pressure: minimum 10 psig (0.67 bar) ~ 75 psig (5.04 bar). The measured and simulated WMS-2f/1f signals were multilinearly fitted using a multilinear fitting algorithm and wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS), and the measurement of C2H4 concentration was achieved based on the extracted spectral line information. The results show that the maximum relative error of C2H4 concentration measurement is 2.40%, which is 54% lower than that of the conventional 2f peak measurement method, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the multilinear fitting algorithm in the inversion of C2H4 concentration under the interference of absorption lines. In addition, this study has far-reaching implications for the application of TDLAS technology in the accurate detection of coal spontaneous combustion indicator gases.

Interlocking of co-opted developmental gene networks in Drosophila and the evolution of pre-adaptive novelty

The re-use of genes in new organs forms the base of many evolutionary novelties. A well-characterised case is the recruitment of the posterior spiracle gene network to the Drosophila male genitalia. Here we find that this network has also been co-opted to the testis mesoderm where is required for sperm liberation, providing an example of sequentially repeated developmental co-options. Associated to this co-option event, an evolutionary expression novelty appeared, the activation of the posterior segment determinant Engrailed to the anterior A8 segment controlled by common testis and spiracle regulatory elements. Enhancer deletion shows that A8 anterior Engrailed activation is not required for spiracle development but only necessary in the testis. Our study presents an example of pre-adaptive developmental novelty: the activation of the Engrailed transcription factor in the anterior compartment of the A8 segment where, despite having no specific function, opens the possibility of this developmental factor acquiring one. We propose that recently co-opted networks become interlocked, so that any change to the network because of its function in one organ, will be mirrored by other organs even if it provides no selective advantage to them.

Effect of noble gases on the transport and thermodynamic characteristics of microchannel reforming reactors for hydrogen production

Noble gases can offer the advantages of high selectivity in steam reforming processes with especially great potential for hydrogen production, but the underlying cause for process intensification has not yet been identified. Calculations are performed to investigate the effect of helium or argon gases on the transport and thermodynamic characteristics of a microchannel reactor for hydrogen production. Dimensionless Nusselt and Sherwood number analyses are carried out and the thermodynamic properties of the reaction mixture are determined in order to effectively control the heat and mass transport processes with increasing precision. The heat and reaction phenomena in the reactor system are studied in order to understand the underlying cause for the improvements in transport performance. Enthalpy analysis is performed and the evolution of energy in the chemical processes is discussed based upon reaction heat flux. The results indicate that the noble gas offers the advantages of process intensification due to enhanced heat and mass transport. Additionally, the noble gas can be utilized to enhance conversion behavior while maintaining the reaction rate. Furthermore, the transport properties can be effectively controlled and manipulated, thereby serving as a means for improving the effectiveness of convection at the catalyst surface. Additional advantages include the ability to avoid the problem inherent in thermal management, thereby providing nearly isothermal operation and thus suppressing undesirable side reactions. Finally, the reforming process is characterized for purposes of demonstration or explanation by thermodynamic parameters, including temperature, specific heat, specific enthalpy, sensible enthalpy, and mean molecular weight.

Using Wolbachia to control rice planthopper populations: progress and challenges.

Wolbachia have been developed as a tool for protecting humans from mosquito populations and mosquito-borne diseases. The success of using Wolbachia relies on the facts that Wolbachia are maternally transmitted and that Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility provides a selective advantage to infected over uninfected females, ensuring that Wolbachia rapidly spread through the target pest population. Most transinfected Wolbachia exhibit a strong antiviral response in novel hosts, thus making it an extremely efficient technique. Although Wolbachia has only been used to control mosquitoes so far, great progress has been made in developing Wolbachia-based approaches to protect plants from rice pests and their associated diseases. Here, we synthesize the current knowledge about the important phenotypic effects of Wolbachia used to control mosquito populations and the literature on the interactions between Wolbachia and rice pest planthoppers. Our aim is to link findings from Wolbachia-mediated mosquito control programs to possible applications in planthoppers.

HLA Type Variation Across Populations

Background: Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) is highly polymorphic and it is commonly used as a marker for core population genital aspects such as human migration, predisposition to diseases and in tissue transplantation compatibility. Methodology: For our study authors have taken up sample size of 86 for meta- analysis of high-resolution frequency data of the HLA allele. North Indian patients from tertiary centre were analyzed for identification of HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 alleles by sing serological and molecular typing techniques. A plethora of known alleles were identified at different loci e.g., HLA A 18, HLA B 36, HLA C 5, HLA DRB1 28 and HLA DQB1 8. This study focusing on frequencies of HLA alleles and their homozygosity and heterozygosity have been reported, but HLA data in the North Indian population living in Delhi, Haryana, Uttarakhand , Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, are reported here characterized. Allele frequencies were analyzed by using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Results: Allele heterozygosity was observed in 96.51% individuals for locus HLA-A, 97.67% individuals for locus HLA-B and 96.51% for HLA-DRB1,overallheterozygosity for all three loci was 89.5% (77/86 individuals). Among individuals showing homozygosity (9 individuals), two showed homozygosity at two loci. Conclusion: The increased heterozygosity for class 1 and class 2 is associated with selective advantage against infectious diseases. The phenotypic frequency of B*35 alleles (B*35:01, B*35:03 and B*35:08) in our study is 31.39%. Comparable B*35 allele phenotypic frequency (27.5%) was reported in north Indian patients.

Market selection and learning under model misspecification

This paper studies market selection in an Arrow-Debreu economy with complete markets where agents learn over misspecified models. In this setting, standard Bayesian learning loses its formal justification and biased learning processes may provide a selection advantage. Studying two cases of model misspecification and four learning processes, our analysis reveals that, differently from correctly specified settings, the ecology of traders populating the market crucially affects selection dynamics and, thus, long-run asset valuation. In fact, model misspecification implies a general difficulty in ranking learning behaviors with respect to their survival prospects. For instance, prediction averaging shows an advantage when the true data generating process belongs to the same family of models that agents use to learn. This advantage partially disappears when the true model belongs to a more general class, as a trade off emerges between approximating the projection of the true model on the space on which the agents learn and adapting to the part of the true model that cannot be represented in that space. Rules that guarantee survival are possible, but they exploit imitative mechanisms that require information about all the other market participants.

Escherichia coli cells are primed for survival before lethal antibiotic stress.

Non-genetic factors can cause significant fluctuations in gene expression levels. Regardless of growing in a stable environment, this fluctuation leads to cell-to-cell variability in an isogenic population. This phenotypic heterogeneity allows a tiny subset of bacterial cells in a population called persister cells to tolerate long-term lethal antibiotic effects by entering into a non-dividing, metabolically repressed state. We occasionally noticed a high variation in persister levels, and to explore this, we tested clonal populations starting from a single cell using a modified Luria-Delbrück fluctuation test. Although we kept the conditions same, the diversity in persistence level among clones was relatively consistent: varying from ~60- to 100- and ~40- to 70-fold for ampicillin and apramycin, respectively. Then, we divided and diluted each clone to observe whether the same clone had comparable persister levels for more than one generation. Replicates had similar persister levels even when clones were divided, diluted by 1:20, and allowed to grow for approximately five generations. This result explicitly shows a cellular memory passed on for generations and eventually lost when cells are diluted to 1:100 and regrown (>seven generations). Our result demonstrates (1) the existence of a small population prepared for stress ("primed cells") resulting in higher persister numbers; (2) the primed memory state is reproducible and transient, passed down for generations but eventually lost; and (3) a heterogeneous persister population is a result of a transiently primed reversible cell state and not due to a pre-existing genetic mutation. IMPORTANCE Antibiotics have been highly effective in treating lethal infectious diseases for almost a century. However, the increasing threat of antibiotic resistance is again causing these diseases to become life-threatening. The longer a bacteria can survive antibiotics, the more likely it is to develop resistance. Complicating matters is that non-genetic factors can allow bacterial cells with identical DNA to gain transient resistance (also known as persistence). Here, we show that a small fraction of the bacterial population called primed cells can pass down non-genetic information ("memory") to their offspring, enabling them to survive lethal antibiotics for a long time. However, this memory is eventually lost. These results demonstrate how bacteria can leverage differences among genetically identical cells formed through non-genetic factors to form primed cells with a selective advantage to survive antibiotics.

Sorting Mosquito Larvae with a COPAS Machine.

Transgenic mosquitoes are widely used in mosquito research. To distinguish transgenic individuals from wild types, genes for fluorescent proteins are the most commonly used genetic markers in transgenic constructs, offering all the advantages of visual selection. Although manual selection under a fluorescence binocular microscope is perfect for the selection of first-generation transgenics, managing established fluorescent lines can be facilitated by complex object parametric analyzer and sorter (COPAS) sorting, which we describe in this protocol. COPAS sorting allows researchers to purify large mosquito larval populations containing only homozygous transgenic individuals, only heterozygotes, or a mix of homozygous, wild types, and heterozygotes in desired proportions. Sorting large populations of a single sex is also possible. Finally, especially when several transgenes of different fluorescence colors are inserted in the same docking site (a recombination site previously inserted in the mosquito genome, which can be used to insert new transgenes into the same locus), they can be maintained together in a single mosquito population to save insectarium space and labor. COPAS sorting can then be used to extract the desired genotype when needed and to readjust transgene frequencies every few generations in case drift is observed.

Double-bounded diphenyl-contained fluorene polymers for Sc-SWCNTs composite to ammonia gas sensors: Diphenylethene or diphenylmethanimine

Semiconductor-type carbon nanotubes, renowned for their exceptional optoelectronic properties, are considered as the most promising candidates to replace conventional silicon-based semiconductors. However, the obtaining high purity of semiconductor-type single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs) is a challenging task. In this study, the Suzuki coupling reaction was employed to synthesize two structurally similar alternating copolymers, which effectively separated the sc-SWCNTs from commercially plasma single-walled carbon nanotubes. As result, the copolymers exhibited outstanding selectivity for sc-SWCNTs with 99.9% of purity. Generation of a complex film at the surface. Employing these polymer/sc-SWCNTs composite materials, the ammonia gas sensing devices were fabricated. The results showed that both devices demonstrated rapid and exceptional response towards ammonia gas vapor. Test results revealed that when the ammonia gas vapor concentration of 20 ppm, the two polymer/sc-SWCNTs-based sensors exhibited response values of 5.0% and 3.3%, respectively, and the calculated limits of detection (LOD) of the sensors were 64.5 ppb and 53.5 ppb. These sensors demonstrated significant advantages in response and selectivity towards ammonia gas vapor compared to previous studies.

Series or parallel toehold-mediated strand displacement and its application in circular RNA detection and logic gates

Toehold-mediated strand displacement (TMSD) is widely employed in constructing a wide range of chemical reaction networks. In TMSD, single-stranded DNA or RNA can fold back upon itself to form a local short double-strand structure often hindering bimolecular hybridization. Here, based on series and parallel circuits, we introduce two mechanisms: series toehold-mediated strand displacement (STMSD) and parallel toehold-mediated strand displacement (PTMSD). These mechanisms can be highly effective when the target area is blocked by a secondary structure. In addition, these systems allow regulating the reaction rates spanning three to five orders of magnitude by adjusting the length of the two toeholds with the added advantage of multifunctional regulation and selectivity. To demonstrate the impressive function of this approach, a logic operation system based on STMSD was constructed to simulate the signal processing of a half-adder. We believe that the introduction of series and parallel toeholds will provide design flexibility contributing to the development of molecular computers, molecular robotics, and DNA-based biosensors.

ESRRG-PKM2 axis reprograms metabolism to suppress esophageal squamous carcinoma progression and enhance anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy

BackgroundGlycolysis under normoxic conditions, known as the Warburg effect, confers a selective advantage for the survival and proliferation of many tumors. In this study, we investigated the role of estrogen-related receptor gamma (ESRRG) in metabolic reprogramming in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsBioinformatics analysis indicated that ESRRG expression was decreased in ESCC tissue and associated with poor clinical outcomes. We also examined the effects of altered ESRRG expression on the proliferation and metabolic reprogramming of ESCC cells. We explored the impact of ESRRG on Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) expression and malignant behavior in ESCC.ResultsOur study revealed the inhibitory effects of ESRRG on the growth, tumorigenesis, and glycolysis activity of ESCC cells, which were mediated by the downregulation of PKM2 expression. We further demonstrated that ESRRG directly interacts with the PKM2 promoter to inhibit its activity in ESCC. Notably, the ESRRG-specific agonist, DY131, inhibited ESCC cell proliferation and glycolysis activity by modulating genes in the glycolysis pathway. Moreover, we verified that DY131 exhibits enhanced activity as an immune checkpoint inhibitor, considering the significance of the ESRRG-PKM2 axis in the lactate regulation of ESCC cells.ConclusionOur findings provide novel insights into the role of ESRRG-PKM2 signaling in regulating ESCC cell metabolism and immune checkpoint regulation. Additionally, we suggest that DY131 holds promise as a promising therapeutic agent for ESCC treatment.

Non-Anticoagulant Activities of Low Molecular Weight Heparins-A Review.

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are derived from heparin through chemical or enzymatic cleavage with an average molecular weight (Mw) of 2000-8000 Da. They exhibit more selective activities and advantages over heparin, causing fewer side effects, such as bleeding and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Due to different preparation methods, LMWHs have diverse structures and extensive biological activities. In this review, we describe the basic preparation methods in this field and compare the main principles and advantages of these specific methods in detail. Importantly, we focus on the non-anticoagulant pharmacological effects of LMWHs and their conjugates, such as preventing glycocalyx shedding, anti-inflammatory, antiviral infection, anti-fibrosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, inhibiting cell adhesion and improving endothelial function. LMWHs are effective in various diseases at the animal level, including cancer, some viral diseases, fibrotic diseases, and obstetric diseases. Finally, we briefly summarize their usage and potential applications in the clinic to promote the development and utilization of LMWHs.

Gene presence/absence variation in Mytilus galloprovincialis and its implications in gene expression and adaptation

Presence/absence variation (PAV) is a well-known phenomenon in prokaryotes that was described for the first time in bivalves in 2020 in Mytilus galloprovincialis. The objective of the present study was to further our understanding of the PAV phenomenon in mussel biology. The distribution of PAV was studied in a mussel chromosome-level genome assembly, revealing a widespread distribution but with hotspots of dispensability. Special attention was given to the effect of PAV in gene expression, since dispensable genes were found to be inherently subject to distortions due to their sparse distribution among individuals. Furthermore, the high expression and strong tissue specificity of some dispensable genes, such as myticins, strongly supported their biological relevance. The significant differences in the repertoire of dispensable genes associated with two geographically distinct populations suggest that PAV is involved in local adaptation. Overall, the PAV phenomenon would provide a key selective advantage at the population level.

Genome analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from a population reveals the rapid selective sweep of a haplotype carrying many pre-existing and new mutations

To understand the mechanism underlying the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in a population, we sequenced 92 viral genomes from Assam, India. Analysis of these and database sequences revealed a complete selective sweep of a haplotype in Assam carrying 13 pre-existing variants, including a high leap in frequency of a variant on ORF8, which is involved in immune evasion. A comparative study between sequences of same lineage and similar time frames in and outside Assam showed that 10 of the 13 pre-existing variants had a frequency ranging from 96 to 99%, and the remaining 3 had a low frequency outside Assam. Using a phylogenetic approach to infer sequential occurrences of variants we found that the variant Phe120del on ORF8, which had a low frequency (1.75%) outside Assam, is at the base of the phylogenetic tree of variants and became totally fixed (100%) in Assam population. Based on this observation, we inferred that the variant on ORF8 had a selective advantage, so it carried the haplotype to reach the100% frequency. The haplotype also carried 32 pre-existing variants at a frequency from 1.00 to 80.00% outside Assam. Those of these variants that are more closely linked to the S-protein locus, which often carries advantageous mutations and is tightly linked to the ORF8 locus, retained higher frequencies, while the less tightly linked variants showed lower frequencies, likely due to recombination among co- circulating variants in Assam. The ratios of non-synonymous substitutions to synonymous substitutions suggested that some genes such as those coding for the S-protein and non-structural proteins underwent positive selection while others were subject to purifying selection during their evolution in Assam. Furthermore, we observed negative correlation of the Ct value of qRT-PCR of the patients with abundant ORF6 transcripts, suggesting that ORF6 can be used as a marker for estimating viral titer. In conclusion, our in-depth analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes in a regional population reveals the mechanism and dynamics of viral evolution.

Kocuria flava, a Bacterial Endophyte of the Marine Macroalga Bryopsis plumosa, Emits 8-Nonenoic Acid Which Inhibits the Aquaculture Pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica.

Secondary metabolites-organic compounds that are often bioactive-produced by endophytes, among others, provide a selective advantage by increasing the organism's survivability. Secondary metabolites mediate the symbiotic relationship between endophytes and their host, potentially providing the host with tolerance to, and protection against biotic and abiotic stressors. Secondary metabolites can be secreted as a dissolved substance or emitted as a volatile. In a previous study, we isolated bioactive endophytes from several macroalgae and tested them in vitro for their ability to inhibit major disease-causing pathogens of aquatic animals in the aquaculture industry. One endophyte (isolate Abp5, K. flava) inhibited and killed, in vitro, the pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica, an oomycete that causes saprolegniasis-a disease affecting a wide range of aquatic animals. Here, using analytical chemistry tools, we found that Abp5 produces the volatile organic compound (VOC) 8-nonenoic acid. Once we confirmed the production of this compound by the endophyte, we tested the compound's ability to treat S. parasitica in in vitro and in vivo bioassays. In the latter, we found that 5 mg/L of the compound improves the survival of larvae challenged with S. parasitica by 54.5%. Our isolation and characterization of the VOC emitted by the endophytic K. flava establish the groundwork for future studies of endophytic biocontrol agents from macroalgae. Use of this compound could enable managing oomycete agricultural pathogens in general, and S. parasitica in particular, a major causal agent in aquaculture diseases.

A novel sensor based on Ti3C2 MXene/Co3O4/carbon nanofibers composite for the sensitive detection of 4-aminophenol

A novel, sensitive Ti3C2 MXene/Co3O4/carbon nanofibers (Ti3C2 MXene/Co3O4/CNFs) composite was synthesized via a HF exfoliating Ti3AlC2 strategy, followed by doping Co3O4 and Ti3C2 MXene into the CNFs via a combination electrospinning and thermal annealing process. Ti3C2 MXene/Co3O4/CNFs composite exhibits higher catalytic effect, conductivity, chemical stability, and electrochemical performance than Co3O4 and Ti3C2 MXene in electrochemical impedance, differential pulse stripping voltammetry, chronocoulometry, and cyclic voltammetry tests. This Ti3C2 MXene/Co3O4/CNFs hybrid modified electrode provides fast analysis of 4-aminophenol (4-AP) with ultrahigh sensitivity, enhanced reproducibility and strong anti-interference capability. Furthermore, the level of 4-AP was quantified by this electrode with a wide linear range from 0.5 to 150 μM (R2 > 0.99) and a low detection limit about 0.018 μM was achieved. Finally, the fabricated electrode was used for fast and sensitive analysis of 4-AP spiked in tap water and blood serum samples. This work presents the new Ti3C2 MXene/Co3O4/CNFs electrode provides a platform for 4-AP monitoring and has the advantages of high selectivity, accuracy, simplicity, and rapid analysis.

Green and sustainable recovery of feldspar and quartz from granite tailings

Granite tailings are rich in quartz and feldspar with high recycling value. However, quartz-feldspar separation usually adds sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid, which inevitably leads to equipment corrosion and environmental pollution. This study introduced an alkaline-based flotation method to treat granite tailings. In this approach, mica was first floated by adding Na2CO3 as pH adjuster and sodium oleate/octanol with mass ratio 9/1 (NaOT) and dodecylamine acetate as mixed collector. Then, the quartz-feldspar separation was achieved using NaOH as pH adjuster, MgCl2 as activator, and NaOT as collector. The results of the flotation test showed that the yield of quartz products was 24.51% with a grade of 96.04% SiO2, and the yield of feldspar products was 41.77% with a grade of 14.06% K2O and Na2O. The economic analysis demonstrated that the flotation process in this study yields a profit of 50.96 USD per ton of treated tailings. Overall, this approach possesses the advantages of excellent selectivity, obvious economic efficiency, and environmental friendliness, making it highly suitable for industrial applications with immense potential.

Oxidative cleavage of alkene: A new strategy to construct a mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe for hydrogen peroxide imaging in vitro and in vivo

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly produced in mitochondria, and it plays crucial roles in many physiological processes. Till now, a plenty of fluorescent probes relying on various organic reactions have been explored for H2O2. However, these probes still suffered from some problems, including the interference from ONOO– and ClO–, unsatisfying limit of detection (LOD > 100 nM), long response time (over 30 min) and lacking mitochondria-targeting ability. Herein, we employ the oxidative cleavage reaction of alkene as a novel sensing strategy, and successfully construct a turn-on fluorescent probe TBBP–Pro for detecting H2O2 in biological system. In this probe, the cyanovinyl-pyridinium moiety not only acts as a specific response site for H2O2, but also targets mitochondria efficiently. Comparing with previous H2O2 probes, TBBP–Pro possesses the advantages of high selectivity, excellent sensitivity (LOD = 47 nM) and fast response (within 5 min) toward H2O2. Additionally, TBBP–Pro successfully visualizes the endogenous H2O2 in mitochondria of HepG2 cells and zebrafish larvae. More importantly, TBBP–Pro is promising to monitor the dynamic change of H2O2 level for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory mice.

Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Lacking Enzymatic Activity Is Not Compatible with Mouse Development.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) binds DNA lesions to catalyse poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) using NAD+ as a substrate. PARP1 plays multiple roles in cellular activities, including DNA repair, transcription, cell death, and chromatin remodelling. However, whether these functions are governed by the enzymatic activity or scaffolding function of PARP1 remains elusive. In this study, we inactivated in mice the enzymatic activity of PARP1 by truncating its C-terminus that is essential for ART catalysis (PARP1ΔC/ΔC, designated as PARP1-ΔC). The mutation caused embryonic lethality between embryonic day E8.5 and E13.5, in stark contrast to PARP1 complete knockout (PARP1-/-) mice, which are viable. Embryonic stem (ES) cell lines can be derived from PARP1ΔC/ΔC blastocysts, and these mutant ES cells can differentiate into all three germ layers, yet, with a high degree of cystic structures, indicating defects in epithelial cells. Intriguingly, PARP1-ΔC protein is expressed at very low levels compared to its full-length counterpart, suggesting a selective advantage for cell survival. Noticeably, PARP2 is particularly elevated and permanently present at the chromatin in PARP1-ΔC cells, indicating an engagement of PARP2 by non-enzymatic PARP1 protein at the chromatin. Surprisingly, the introduction of PARP1-ΔC mutation in adult mice did not impair their viability; yet, these mutant mice are hypersensitive to alkylating agents, similar to PARP1-/- mutant mice. Our study demonstrates that the catalytically inactive mutant of PARP1 causes the developmental block, plausibly involving PARP2 trapping.