Selecting Treatment Methods Research Articles

Criteria for choosing a method for treating trichobezoar in the stomach of decorative rabbits

Trichobezoars are hairballs that form in the stomach. Trichobezoar is a common pathology in decorative rabbits, without proper treatment, leading to the death of the animal. There are a number of opinions on the choice of treatment for this disease. Our research was to study and analyze clinical cases with a diagnosis of trichobezoar of decorative rabbits (n-15) to determine the criteria that help to choose a treatment method or conservative or surgical. This article reflects the importance of obtaining a complete anamnesis, the main clinical symptoms observed during a general examination, dental diseases that could also cause trichobezoar formation are identified, the need for hematological and biochemical analysis to assess the general condition of animals and exclude the causes of other non-specific clinical symptoms is considered. Additional research methods of ultrasound and X-ray diagnostics are used. Significant changes were noted towards an increase in ALT 96-144 U/L, urea 6.9-23.5 mmol/L, leukocytes 14-98 10*9 μl/L and a decrease in these indicators after infusion therapy - ALT 73.1-102.93 U/L, urea 5.2-11.3 mmol/L, leukocytes 9.2-89 10*9 μl/L, the need for infusion therapy was confirmed. Conservative drug treatment was performed in rabbits (n-7), surgical treatment in the volume of gastrotomy in rabbits (n-8). In each group, 2 deaths were observed due to the severe condition of the animals at the time of treatment. In the course of the work, the significance of the results of hematological studies, the use of ultrasound and X-ray diagnostics, their priority, the need to monitor the condition of rabbits for two weeks after the treatment were determined. Criteria were identified that can be used to select a method of treating this disease - conservative or surgical. The prognosis of the outcome of any selected treatment method is the general condition of the rabbit at the time of its initiation. The importance of aspects constituting the prevention of trichobezoar was noted.

Recent developments in moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for the treatment of phenolic wastewater -A review

BackgroundPhenol, a toxic and carcinogenic compound found in industrial effluent, poses a severe threat to the environment and aquatic life. Conventional methods such as physio-chemical techniques have limitations in efficiency, cost, and sustainability, leading to the development of advanced hybrid approaches like the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) to treat phenols. Review methodIn this study, we aimed at an in-depth review of MBBR for the remediation of phenolic wastewater at an industrial scale. The review uses a methodology that involves a comparative analysis of various conventional methods, including activated sludge process (ASP), sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR), Fluidized Bed Biofilm Rector (FBBR), and trickling filter (TF) with MBBR, to determine their efficacy in phenol degradation. In this context, a thorough bibliometric assay of MBBR is carried out to understand the recent publication trends. The study also examines the impact of different types and shapes of bio-carriers and their filling ratios on phenol biodegradation. Significant findingThe present work demonstrates the feasibility of using an aerobic MBBR along with a Fenton-like system (advanced oxidation processes) to treat phenolic effluent LCCA is discussed for selected treatment methods for assessing the sustainability aspects. In light of recent advancements, future research endeavors should prioritize the refinement and optimization of MBBR systems to strengthen their efficiency and sustainability, thus paving the way for a greener and cleaner future.

Disease-specific complaints among multiple myeloma patients treated with chemotherapy, autotransplantation and supportive therapy in Poland: a cross-sectional study

Due to its course, multiple myeloma may negatively affect the functioning of patients. Different treatment methods are also associated with patients’ varying perception of their health condition. The purpose of this study is to determine the disease-specific complaints among multiple myeloma patients during selected treatment methods—chemotherapy, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and supportive therapy. The study group included 246 patients (98 in the chemotherapy group, of which 87 in the autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation group and 61 in the supportive therapy group). The study was conducted between August 2020 and December 2021 with the EORTC QLQ-MY20 questionnaire. According to the study results, patients treated with chemotherapy had the highest degree of disease symptom severity and side effects of treatment as well as the lowest assessment of their perspectives for the future. Patients who received supportive treatment had the lowest degree of disease symptom severity and side effects of treatment, and also assessed their body image and future perspectives the highest. Women assessed their future perspectives significantly lower than men. The severity of disease symptoms experienced by patients increases with age.

Water Footprint Reduction in Oil and Gas Refineries through Water Reuse: A Systematic Review

Oil and gas refineries are highly water-intensive industrial settings, with effluent containing a significant level of pollution stemming from diverse organic and inorganic compounds. Besides adhering to discharge standards for industrial effluent, incorporating treated oil refinery effluent (ORE) into the production cycle can play a pivotal role in curbing water consumption. In recent years, there has been research into different approaches to reclaiming ORE. Yet, selecting treatment methods that are technically, economically, and environmentally effective is crucial to preventing resource waste. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the last two decades of literature on methods and technologies used for ORE treatment. Based on the inclusion criteria, the final screening included 82 studies, with acceptable agreement assessed using Cohen's inter-examiner kappa equal to 0.86. The included studies were of biological treatment (n = 27), physicochemical processes (n = 12), advanced purification processes (n = 16), membrane-based technologies (n = 15), and green technologies (n = 13). This comprehensive review showed that the advanced membrane-based techniques are effective in the removal of pollutants from ORE for several reasons, such as reducing the consumption of chemicals, high efficiency, and ease of setup and maintenance. However, combined methods with a focus on membrane-based processes (e.g. UF-RO) are the most promising options for the reclamation of ORE. Since some effluent treatment methods require the use of chemicals and energy to run, future research should focus on environmentally friendly methods and the use of renewable energy.

The value evaluation of Nomogram prediction model based on CTA imaging features for selecting treatment methods for isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection

ObjectiveTo evaluate value of Nomogram prediction model based on CTA imaging features for selecting treatment methods for isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (ISMAD).MethodsSymptomatic ISMAD patients were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set in a 7:3 ratio. In the training set, relevant risk factors for conservative treatment failure in ISMAD patients were analyzed, and a Nomogram prediction model for treatment outcome of ISMAD was constructed with risk factors. The predictive value of the model was evaluated.ResultsLow true lumen residual ratio (TLRR), long dissection length, and large arterial angle (superior mesenteric artery [SMA]/abdominal aorta [AA]) were identified as independent high-risk factors for conservative treatment failure (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) results showed that the area under curve (AUC) of Nomogram prediction model was 0.826 (95% CI: 0.740–0.912), indicating good discrimination. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed good consistency between the predicted curve and the ideal curve of the Nomogram prediction model. The decision curve analysis (DCA) analysis results showed that when probability threshold for the occurrence of conservative treatment failure predicted was 0.05–0.98, patients could obtain more net benefits. Similar results were obtained for the predictive value in the validation set.ConclusionLow TLRR, long dissection length, and large arterial angle (SMA/AA) are independent high-risk factors for conservative treatment failure in ISMAD. The Nomogram model constructed with independent high-risk factors has good clinical effectiveness in predicting the failure.

Selected treatment methods for colloid milium – a literature review

Selected treatment methods for colloid milium – a literature review

Clinical research progress on acupuncture for the treatment of otogenic vertigo.

Otogenic vertigo is a common disorder that affects the vestibular system, which often results in considerable discomfort and impaired daily functioning. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including acupuncture and moxibustion, has been historically utilized to manage the symptoms of vertigo. However, the effectiveness and methodology of these treatments have rarely been investigated in the medical literature. This study reviews the existing literature on the point selection, method, and therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion to provide a reference for the TCM treatment of otogenic vertigo. A literature search was performed using the PubMed search engine. The terms used included otogenic vertigo, acupuncture treatment, and acupuncture point selection. A total of 34 relevant articles were retrieved from PubMed. These suggest that the clinical treatment of otogenic vertigo should consider the functions of zang-fu organs and meridians and select different acupuncture treatment methods according to syndrome differentiation based on the difference between deficiency and excess. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy should be based on acupoint selection, considering the syndrome differentiation, supplemented with experience. The treatment of otogenic vertigo with acupuncture and moxibustion refers to the selection of appropriate acupuncture methods under the guidance of TCM theory and following the principles of syndrome, disease, and meridian differentiation. Common acupuncture methods include body acupuncture, auricular acupuncture, scalp acupuncture, acupoint injection, electroacupuncture, and moxibustion. There are many acupuncture and moxibustion acupoints selected for the treatment of otogenic vertigo. Individualized treatment according to the patient's specific condition is effective and safe, which can help to improve the patient's vertigo symptoms and cerebral blood perfusion.

Effect of endoscopic therapy and drug therapy on prognosis and rebleeding in patients with esophagogastric variceal bleeding

Esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EVB) is one of the common digestive system emergencies with poor prognosis and high rate of rebleeding after treatment. To explore the effects of endoscopic therapy and drug therapy on the prognosis and rebleeding of patients with EVB, and then select better treatment methods to effectively improve the prognosis. From January 2013 to December 2022, 965 patients with EVB who were hospitalized in gastroenterology Department of the 940 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Forces of PLA were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into endoscopic treatment group (ET, n = 586) and drug treatment group (DT, n = 379). Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed in both groups, and the general information, efficacy and length of hospital stay were recorded. The patients were followed up for 3 months after bleeding control to determine whether rebleeding occurred. There were 286 cases in each group after PSM. Compared with DT group, ET had higher treatment success rate (P < 0.001), lower rebleeding rate (P < 0.001), lower mortality rate within 3 months, and no significant difference in total hospital stay (P > 0.05). Compared with drug therapy, endoscopic treatment of EVB has short-term efficacy advantages, and can effectively reduce the incidence of rebleeding and mortality within 3 months.

Effects of postharvest piling up in bulk on qualities of Camellia oleifera seeds

The study investigated the effects of postharvest piling up in bulk on Camellia oleifera seed qualities, including moisture content, oil content, fatty acid composition, soluble sugar, soluble protein content, acid value, peroxide value, lipase activity, lipoxygenase activity, and mold colony, under varying relative humidity (60%, 80%, 98%) and time durations (1–8 days). Additionally, it examined the impact of piling temperature and diverse postharvest treatments. The results revealed that piling up in bulk promoted the post-ripening of Camellia oleifera seeds, leading to a gradual decrease in seed moisture content while initially increasing oil content before stabilizing. After 2 days of piling, seed oil content increased by 5.65%, 4.40%, and 1.06% under RH conditions of 60%, 80%, and 98%, respectively. However, after 4 days, the oil content declined by 8.36%, 6.06%, and 4.14%, respectively. The proportions of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids declined gradually, while monounsaturated fatty acids increased significantly. The acid value decreased, correlating positively with lipase activity. Mold colonies on seeds increased minimally with piling duration, while those on fruit shells increased sharply by 1–4 logarithmic units after the 4th day. When examining the effect of temperature, higher piling temperatures were found to gradually increase the seed oil content. Based on the order of oil content, the different treatment methods were ranked as follows: piling up in bulk-sun drying > piling up in bulk-drying > shelling-sun drying > direct sun drying > shelling-drying. Therefore, these findings advance our understanding of postharvest piling up in bulk of Camellia oleifera seeds and provide valuable insights for selecting treatment methods and parameters.

Influence of selected treatment methods on the dry residue and sugars content extracted from wheat and rye bran.

In this paper 1% NaOH extraction and 1% NaOH extraction with α-amylase pre-treatment were conducted on wheat and rye bran. Different times of reaction (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h) and different temperatures (40C, 45C, 50C and 95C) of process were applied during experiments. After the process, dry residue content was calculated. Additionally, monosaccharides content in liquid was determined after α-amylase pre-treatment and 1% NaOH extraction. Monosaccharides content (glucose, xylose and arabinose) after acid hydrolysis of obtained liquids was determined by the HPLC technique. Obtained results showed that there was a positive correlation between time, temperature and content of compounds extracted by 1% NaOH solution. The lowest dry residue content for wheat and rye bran after 1% NaOH extraction was obtained at 95 C during 4 hours of conducting the process (24.70.1 and 18.42.8 respectively). Additional pre-treatment by α-amylase increased solubility of compounds included in bran, especially for wheat bran. α-amylase influenced not only starch solubility but also other compounds from bran. The next advantage of pre-treatment by α-amylase was easier access to remaining sugars inside the bran, which in the form of xylose and arabinose can be obtained.

Analysis of frontal sinus ostium variants based on computed tomography data

Introduction. The structure of the nasal cavity and the sinonasal region is crucial in selecting treatment methods for their pathologies. Endoscopic surgery of the frontal sinus requires an assessment of the position and diameter of the frontal ostium, which can be determined and classified by analyzing a series of sinonasal computed tomography scans. The aim of our study was to investigate possible variations in the position and dimensions of the frontal sinus ostium and determine their frequency in individuals of mature age using computered tomography data.Material and methods. The study was conducted by analyzing 40 series of anonymized archived computer scans of 20 men and 20 women of mature age. The material for the study was obtained at the "Lithotripsy Center" (Lviv) on the Siemens SOMATOM GO.UP 32 (64) device (Germany). The evaluation and determination of the frontal ostium diameter were performed using the method described by Gheriani H. et al.[5].Results. Three variants of frontal sinus ostia were identified: with a positive, neutral, and negative evaluation. In 70% of examined women and 60% of examined men, the frontal sinus ostia received a positive evaluation on both sides, while in 10% of women and 10% of men, it was only on one side. Frontal sinus ostia with a negative evaluation were observed in 20% of women and 10% of men on one side. In 30% of women and 20% of men, the frontal sinus ostia had a neutral evaluation on one side, and in 20% of men, it was on both sides. The diameter of frontal ostia in both groups of men and women showed significant variability. In the studied group of individuals of mature age, the most common category of frontal ostium passability was the second category (50%), and the rarest was the fourth category (10%). The frequency of visualization of frontal ostia of the first and third categories was 45% and 30%, respectively. The symmetry of categories passability of frontal ostia in men was 80%, which was twice as high as in women. In men, the first category of frontal ostium patency was most frequently observed (50% of examined men), while in women, it was the second category (80% of examined women). The fourth category of frontal ostium passability was the least common in both men and women, each accounting for 10% of individuals of both genders.Conclusion. Computed tomography allows to determine the position and size of the frontal sinus ostium, which is crucial for assessing the complexity of surgical intervention.

Hypoglossal Nerve and Cortico-Lingual Pathway Examination using the St. Mark’s Еlectrode: a Prospective Study

INTRODUCTION. The literature describes numerous cases of mononeuropathy of the hypoglossal nerve, as a complication of various diseases, as well as after operations for symptomatic and asymptomatic stenoses in the carotid system. For a correctly selected treatment method, it is necessary to carry out a differential diagnosis between damage to the hypoglossal nerve and the cortico-lingual tract. Currently, standard diagnosis of hypoglossal nerve lesions using electroneuromyography is difficult due to methodological limitations associated with its anatomical features and variability. AIM. To demonstrate the feasibility of recording motor-wave (M-wave) in response to electrical hypoglossal nerve (HN) stimulation and motor evoked potential (MEP) in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation from the muscles of the tongue using the St. Mark’s electrode. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A prospective study was conducted on 10 healthy volunteers. To register the M-wave during electrical stimulation of HN and MEP during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) from the muscles of the tongue, a St. Mark’s electrode was used. Registration was carried out sequentially from two sides of the tongue. RESULTS. In all subjects, M-wave and MEP were recorded from the muscles of the tongue from 2 sides. The average latency was in line with previously reported data in the literature. The variability of the difference in the amplitudes of the lingual motor responses was more than 50 % between the healthy volunteers. DISCUSSION. The results obtained were compared with earlier publications where normative indicators were approved. The amplitudes of the M-wave during stimulation of the HN at the proximal and distal points did not differ significantly from the literature data; the amplitude of the MEP in our study turned out to be higher, which was explained by the increased tension of the tongue muscles during the study. It was also noted that the M-wave can be recorded only at the proximal or only at the distal points of stimulation. CONCLUSION. Evaluation of conduction along the peripheral segment of the hypoglossal nerve and the cortico-lingual pathway during the abduction of muscle responses using the St. Mark’s electrode is a simple and perceptible approach to assess the functional state of the nervous structures of HN. Method for registering M-wave and MEP with the St. Mark’s electrode is safe, informative and convenient.

An enzyme-instructed self-assembly system induces tumor acidosis via sequential-dual effect for cancer selective therapy.

The acidosis anti-tumor therapy, based on the altered energy metabolism pathway of tumor cells, has been proposed as an attractive method for cancer selective treatment. However, the strategy of inducing tumor acidosis by using a single drug to simultaneously inhibit both lactate efflux and consumption has not been reported yet. Herein, an in situ enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA) system was rationally fabricated to induce tumor acidosis apoptosis for cancer selective therapy. Depending on the sequential effect of the in situ EISA system, the targeted drug was successively distributed on the membrane and intracellular, inhibiting MCT4 mediated lactate efflux and mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle mediated lactate consumption, respectively. Through the dual obstruction of lactate metabolism to trigger tumor acidosis, the in situ EISA nanomedicine showed selective growth and migration inhibition against cancer cells. In addition, the nanomedicine also displayed a radio-sensitization effect in vitro due to causing the mitochondrial dysfunction, and exhibited a prominent synergistic chemo-radiotherapy anti-tumor performance in vivo. Accordingly, this work demonstrated that the in situ EISA system could endow the LND with sequential-dual effects to induce tumor acidosis, which may provide an enlightening strategy for anticancer drug delivery and cancer selective therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: With the help of the sequential effect of in situ EISA , the serial attack of LND against different targets was effectively realized to induce tumor acidosis and combined chemo-radiotherapy, implying the importance of the relationship between structure and function, which could offer a distinctive inspiration for future drug delivery system design and anti-tumor application.

Value of &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;18&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;F-FDG PET-CT and MR Fusion in Preoperative Diagnosis and Staging of Pancreatic Cancer

<i>Background:</i> With the improvement of medical level, the incidence of some tumors decreased significantly; However, in the actual clinical work, it was found that the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer is increasing, and most of the findings are in the late stage, so the following studies have solved its current situation, so as to early detection, early treatment, improve the survival rate of patients; Secondly, better clinical staging, so as to reasonably select treatment methods. <i>Objective: </i>To use 18 fluoro-deoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission computed tomography (PET-CT) molecular metabolism imaging and MRI multi-parameter structure imaging, and then use different machine fusion technology to realize the comprehensive application of pancreatic cancer diagnosis and staging. <i>Methods: </i>A retrospective comparative study was conducted on 100 patients with pancreatic space occupying diagnosed in our center. All patients received enhanced MR Examination and ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT examination before surgery, and underwent different machine image fusion. <i>Results: </i>The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PET-CT and MRI in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer were higher than those of PET-CT alone (P < 0.05). <i>Conclusion: </i>The PET-CT and MRI fusion technology can be used in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, which can be accurately staged and provide help for early clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Prediction of wart treatment response using a hybrid GA-ensemble learning approach

Warts are a common type of skin disease that is caused mainly by human papillomavirus (HPV). Several approaches are used to treat warts, which include the popular cryotherapy and immunotherapy methods. Various machine learning-based approaches have been introduced to help physicians select a proper treatment method for each patient. The main drawback of those approaches is the limitation of samples used for each of those models (90 samples for cryotherapy model and 90 samples for immunotherapy model). This study develops a reliable wart treatment prediction system using a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA)-ensemble learning approach with a larger dataset. The immunotherapy and cryotherapy datasets used in previous studies are separately balanced and then combined into one wart dataset, and the treatment method is modeled as one of the input features. GA is combined with learning algorithms, namely backpropagation neural networks (BPNN), support vector machine (SVM), classification and regression tree (CART), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN), to determine the optimal features for the prediction model. The four base classifiers, GA-BPNN, GA-SVM, GA-CART, and GA-KNN, are ensembled using bagging, boosting, and stacking techniques. The results show that ensemble models yield better classification results on the combined balanced wart dataset than individual classifiers. In particular, the stacking model with GA-SVM, GA-CART, and GA-KNN as layer-1 classifiers performs the best (accuracies of 100 % and 98.3 % on 10-fold cross validation and testing samples, respectively). Furthermore, the stacking model outperforms the model introduced in the literature on the same combined dataset with 180 samples (97.2 % average accuracy of 10-fold cross validation compared to 89.3 %). The proposed prediction system can assist physicians to reliably select appropriate treatment methods for patients who have warts with high accuracy, which in turn will have a positive impact on clinical resources.

Machine learning models for predicting steroid-resistant of nephrotic syndrome.

In the absence of effective measures to predict steroid responsiveness, patients with nonhereditary steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) have a significantly increased risk of progression to end-stage renal disease. In view of the poor outcomes of SRNS, it is urgent to identify the steroid responsiveness of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) early. To build a prediction model for SRNS, we collected 91 subjects; 57 of them had steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome, and the others had SRNS. For each subject, 87 clinical variables were measured. In general, only a small part of these variables is informative to SRNS. Thus, we proposed a new variable selection framework including a penalized regression approach (named MLR+TLP) to select variables having a linear effect on the SRNS and a nonparametric screening method (MAC) to select variables having a nonlinear marginal (joint) effect on the SRNS. Thereafter, considering the correlation between selected clinical variables, we used a stepwise method to build our final model for predicting SRNS. In addition, a statistical testing procedure is proposed to test the overfitting of the proposed model. Twenty-six clinical variables were selected to be informative to SRNS, and an SVM model was built to predict SRNS with a leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) accuracy of 95.2% (overfitting p value<0.005). To make the model more useful, we incorporate prior medical information into the model and consider the correlation between selected variables. Then, a reduced SVM model including only eight clinical variables (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, urine occult blood, percentage of neutrophils, immunoglobulin A, cholesterol, vinculin autoantibody, aspartate aminotransferase, and prolonged prothrombin time) was built to have a LOO-CV accuracy of 92.8% (overfitting p value<0.005). The validation cohort showed that the reduced model obtained an accuracy of 94.0% (overfitting p value<0.005), with a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 96.7%. Notably, vinculin autoantibody is the only podocyte autoantibody included in this model. It is linearly related to steroid responsiveness. Finally, our model is freely available as a user-friendly web tool at https://datalinkx.shinyapps.io/srns/. The SRNS prediction model constructed in this study comprehensively and objectively evaluates the internal conditions and disease status of INS patients and will provide scientific guidance for selecting treatment methods for children with nonhereditary SRNS.

Names of selected treatment methods (related to the humoral concept of pathogenesis) based on Józef Zmijewski’s manuscript medical guide

Names of selected treatment methods (related to the humoral concept of pathogenesis) based on Józef Zmijewski’s manuscript medical guide

Mineralogical characteristics and recovery process optimization analysis of a refractory gold ore with gold particles mainly encapsulated in pyrite and Arsenopyrite

To interpret the leaching rules, select suitable treatment methods, or optimize the treatment process of refractory gold ores, an in-depth analysis of ore characteristics using ore mineralogy is required. In this study, the mineralogical characteristics of a low-grade refractory gold ore were analyzed by a variety of analytical techniques and methods. The ore composition was obtained by chemical analysis, and the main minerals include gold, pyrite, arsenopyrite, feldspar, mica, and quartz. Gold exists in the form of sub-microscopic gold with a particle size of fewer than 1.7 μm, of which 56.90 % is encapsulated gold, 16.97 % is semi-coated gold, and 26.13 % is fractured gold. The content, classification, shape, grain distribution, and occurrence state of the main minerals in the gold ore were obtained by microscopic observation and statistical analysis. Based on the results, the leaching rules of the gold ore were predicted, and suggestions for optimizing the pretreatment process were put forward. These results can accurately guide the pretreatment and leaching process of the gold ore and lay a foundation for the effective utilization of comparable gold ores.

Androgenetic alopecia in males - characteristics and overview of therapies available in cosmetology and aesthetic medicine clinics

Androgenetic alopecia is a disease of multifactorial etiology, commonly occurring in an increasing number of men. In addition to genetic factors responsible for the process of hair loss, the main role is played by hormones, stress, lifestyle, and eating habits. The aim of the study was to present the most commonly used methods in eliminating androgenetic alopecia in men struggling with this problem. A review of already published studies was made and the effectiveness of selected treatment methods was compared. In the analysis of correlations a survey-based diagnostic survey was also used. In the treatment of the disease, appropriate preparations and treatments are used to improve the structure of the hair and scalp. They can significantly reduce the severity of the disease.

DirectRMDB: a database of post-transcriptional RNA modifications unveiled from direct RNA sequencing technology.

With advanced technologies to map RNA modifications, our understanding of them has been revolutionized, and they are seen to be far more widespread and important than previously thought. Current next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based modification profiling methods are blind to RNA modifications and thus require selective chemical treatment or antibody immunoprecipitation methods for particular modification types. They also face the problem of short read length, isoform ambiguities, biases and artifacts. Direct RNA sequencing (DRS) technologies, commercialized by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), enable the direct interrogation of any given modification present in individual transcripts and promise to address the limitations of previous NGS-based methods. Here, we present the first ONT-based database of quantitative RNA modification profiles, DirectRMDB, which includes 16 types of modification and a total of 904,712 modification sites in 25 species identified from 39 independent studies. In addition to standard functions adopted by existing databases, such as gene annotations and post-transcriptional association analysis, we provide a fresh view of RNA modifications, which enables exploration of the epitranscriptome in an isoform-specific manner. The DirectRMDB database is freely available at: http://www.rnamd.org/directRMDB/.