Selective Sorption Research Articles

Selective separation of Bi3+ from La3+/Ac3+ by sorption on sulfonated carbon materials for use in an inverse 225Ac/213Bi radionuclide generator: Batch and column tests

213Bi-labeled radiopharmaceuticals for cancer treatment are receiving considerable interest. 213Bi must be separated from the parent radionuclide 225Ac in a radionuclide generator, but the choice of a suitable sorbent material with high chemical and radiolytic stability is challenging. Present work reports on the synthesis of sulfonated carbon materials (SCMs) prepared by carbonization of methyl cellulose at temperatures between 300 and 800 °C, followed by a sulfonation process. These SCMs were evaluated as sorbents in inverse 225Ac/213Bi generators. The sulfonated carbon material prepared at 500 °C (SCM-500) was selected as the most promising candidate sorbent based on its unique aromatic carbon structure, sufficient amount of oxygen-containing functional groups, and selective sorption performance towards La3+/Bi3+. In addition, various variables, including the acidity of the solutions, salt concentrations, and sorption time have been evaluated for separating Bi3+ from La3+ (as a surrogate of Ac3+) by performing batch sorption experiments. SCM-500 was found to exhibit a high sorption Bi3+ selectivity over La3+ at low pH or in the presence of a high concentration of NaNO3. The optimized conditions in a column tests with this sorbent demonstrated a high chemical 213Bi yield (94 ± 3%) with less than 0.04% 225Ac relative to the eluted 213Bi activity. These results indicate that SCM-500 is a promising material for use in an inverse 225Ac/213Bi radionuclide generator. Furthermore, a conceptual design of an inverse 225Ac/213Bi radionuclide for medical applications is suggested based on the separation properties of SCM-500 and AG MP-50.

Scalable manufacturing of nonflammable bioinspired superhydrophobic sponge for oily wastewater treatment via water-based strategy

Developing a water-based methodology for scalable-manufacturing the versatile sponge materials, is meaningful but highly challenging. In this work, a superhydrophobic sponge was constructed via a simple and green strategy, which contained melamine sponge (MS) substrate, polydopamine (PDA) and hydrophobic SiO2 (HSiO2). Prominently, the aqueous solvent is harmless to the various sponge materials, in which superhydrophobic HSiO2-PDA@MS (SPMS) inherited the nature of MS, including excellent oil-uptake (67.6–139.1 times of its weight), superior mechanical property, porous structure and flame retardancy. The layer of HSiO2/PDA not only endowed the SPMS selective sorption ability, but also showed a good interfacial compatible to further improve the flame-retardant property for MS or ignitable polymer sponge. Thus, SPMS exhibited a good adaptability in fire, could significantly reduce the fire risks in oil spill accident and achieve the fire-off through a simple press procedure. Moreover, the compressed SPMS showed the satisfactory separation efficiency (over 99 %) for surfactant-stable O/W emulsions, even in separating complex O/W emulsions (SE over 96 %). And this sponge displayed excellent robust durability, outstanding recyclability. Given about all, this work provides a novel inspired insight for the large-scale design of multifunctional sponge material for oily wastewater treatment.

Composites of HKUST-1@Nanocellulose for Gas-Separation and Dye-Sorption Applications.

In this study, composites of HKUST-1 MOF with nanocellulose, HKUST-1@NCs, have been prepared and explored for CO2 /N2 gas-separation and dye-sorption based applications. Our biopolymer-MOF composites are prepared via a copper ion pre-seeding method, in which, the HKUST-1 crystallites are grown in situ on the Cu-seeded and carboxylate anchored NC fibers for a better interfacial integration between the MOF and the polymer matrices. Static gas sorption studies show the capability of one of our HKUST-1@NC composites to reach ∼300 % enhancement in the CO2 /N2 sorption selectivity compared to the corresponding MOF alone - blank reference sample prepared at similar conditions. The same composite, C100, in the bulk powder form, shows a remarkable IAST sorption selectivity of 298 (CO2 /N2 ) at 298 K and 1 bar for the CO2 /N2 (15/85, v/v) gas mixture. The relative position of the C100, in the bound plot visualizations of the CO2 /N2 separation trade-off factors indicate a significant potential. The HKUST-1@NC composites have also been processed along with a polymeric cellulose acetate (CA) matrix as HKUST-1@NC@CA films to study them as free-standing mixed-matrix membranes. The CO2 /N2 sorption selectivity, at 298 K and 1 bar is 600 for one such membrane, C-120@CA, as bulk sample studied by the static gas sorption. The composite, C120, exhibits a good uptake with an enhancement of 11 % for alizarin and 70 % for Congo red in comparison to the uptakes of the corresponding blank reference HKUST-1 sample, B120.

Zn(II) Three-Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks Based on 2,5-Diiodoterephthalate and N,N Linkers: Structures and Features of Sorption Behavior

Two new coordination polymers based on Zn(II) and 2,5-diiodoterephthalate—{[Zn(2,5-I-bdc)bpe}] (1) and {[Zn(2,5-I-bdc)bpen}] (2)—were synthesized and characterized. Polymers 1 and 2 feature halogen bonding between the I atoms of MOF and DMF guest molecules, which plays a crucial role in structure stabilization. Selectivity of sorption towards different organic substrates was examined.

Construction of Super-Hydrophobic Lignocellulosic Nanofibrils Aerogels as Speedy Oil Absorbents.

Lignocellulosic nanofibrils (LCNF) aerogels have a three-dimensional structure, with large specific surface area, low density, which is promising to be developed into a new type of adsorbent with high absorption capacity. However, LCNF aerogels have the problem of simultaneous oil and water adsorption. This high hydrophilicity directly leads to low adsorption efficiency in oil-water systems. This paper suggests a facile and economical method for the synthesis of biocompatible CE-LCNF aerogels using LCNF and Castor oil triglycidyl ether (CE) was successfully established. The use of LCNF enabled aerogels to possess remarkably uniform pore size and structural integrity, while the introduction of hydrophobic silica produced stable superhydrophobicity for more than 50 days at room temperature. These aerogels presented desirable hydrophobicity (131.6°), excellent oil adsorption capacity (62.5 g/g) and excellent selective sorption property, making them ideal absorbents for oil spill cleaning. The effects of ratios of LCNF to CE composition, temperatures and oil viscosity on the oil adsorption performance of aerogels were estimated. The results displayed that the aerogels had the maximum adsorption capacity at 25 °C. The pseudo-secondary model had higher validity in oil adsorption kinetic theories compared to the pseudo-first-order model. The CE-LCNF aerogels were excellent super-absorbents for oil removal. Moreover, the LCNF was renewable and nontoxic, which has the potential to promote environmental applications.

Efficiency of Nanoparticles (Micromage-B) in the Complex Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a serious neurological problem because of its high prevalence, chronic course, frequent disability, and propensity to affect young people. The immunopathogenesis hypothesis underlies the origin of MS. Selective sorption activity of biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles against surface proteins of cell membranes, circulating immune complexes, lymphocytotoxic antibodies, complement system, the effect of increasing phagocytic activity and leukocyte phagocytosis completion index allows the effective use of these nanodevices for immunocorrection. The main goal of the study is to slow down the progression of MS, improve the neurological status and general condition of the patient, and reduce the dynamics of the spread of demyelinating foci in the brain. Materials and methods: a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, secondary progressive type of course, cerebro-spinal form, clinical aggravation stage; EDSS neurological status and disability assessment scales; contrast-enhanced MRI of the brain. An oral form of the nanodevice Micromage-B was used as an immunosorbent and immunomodulator. The choice of the regimen and dosage of Micromage-B was personalized. Assessment of the general condition and neurological status was performed every 7 days for 6 months. Contrast-enhanced MRI of the brain was performed at the 5th month of the study. As a result of using Micromage-B in MS treatment, objective improvement of neurological status, reduction of stiffness and rapid fatigability of the lower extremities were observed. Gait and coordination improved, hand tremors decreased, depression and signs of concentration disorders disappeared, appetite restored, and speech improved. During the entire period of Micromage-B application, positive dynamics in the normalization of the neurological status was observed. After 6 months of treatment, the total score dropped by 165 to 35. It was found that the maximum positive effect was observed in the evaluation of the pyramidal system and coordination. The EDSS Disability Scale score decreased from 6.0 to 5.0. Contrast-enhanced MRI brain examination for the first time showed a decrease in the number of new foci of demyelination in the brain by the 4th month of Micromage-B administration. The positive dynamics of normalization of the neurological status correlated with the results of brain MRI. The process of recovery of central nervous system activity in MS is not only due to the immunosuppressive properties of magnetite nanoparticles, but is probably caused by the activation of remyelination mechanisms and oligodendrocyte differentiation through enzymatic methylation. Considering the above, the use of biocompatible nanodevices in the complex treatment of MS is a promising direction. The scheme and method of using biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles to improve the effectiveness of MS treatment require further improvement and study.

Preparation of EDTA-modified UiO-66 for the selective removal of Cu(II) from water

A novel metal-organic framework adsorbent, UiO-66-EDTA, was synthesized by chemically linking of UiO-66-NH2 with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to improve the sorption efficiency and selectivity for Cu(II) in water. The product UiO-66-EDTA was characterized by various instruments. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm data for Cu(II) were in line with the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively, confirming monolayer chemisorption dominated the loading of Cu(II) on pore channel surface. For Cu(II) ion adsorption, UiO-66-EDTA showed a high maximum adsorption capacity of 154.8 mg/g at pH 6.0, which was much greater than the precursor UiO-66-NH2. Besides, thermodynamic analysis revealed that the loading of Cu(II) on UiO-66-EDTA was spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, the functionalization with EDTA significantly improved the adsorption selectivity of UiO-66 for Cu(II) compared to other coexisting cations in water. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depicted that Cu(II) ion binding occurred by complexation with oxygen/nitrogen atoms on the EDTA ligand. As a regenerable adsorbent, UiO-66-EDTA was considered to have an obvious application prospect for selectively absorbing Cu(II) ions in water.

Noncryogenic Air Separation Using Aluminum Formate Al(HCOO)3 (ALF)

Separating oxygen from air to create oxygen-enriched gas streams is a process that is significant in both industrial and medical fields. However, the prominent technologies for creating oxygen-enriched gas streams are both energy and infrastructure intensive as they use cryogenic temperatures or materials that adsorb N2 from air. The latter method is less efficient than the methods that adsorb O2 directly. Herein, we show, via a combination of gas adsorption isotherms, gas breakthrough experiments, neutron and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and computational studies, that the metal-organic framework, Al(HCOO)3 (ALF), which is easily prepared at low cost from commodity chemicals, exhibits substantial O2 adsorption and excellent time-dependent O2/N2 selectivity in a range of 50-125 near dry ice/solvent (≈190 K) temperatures. The effective O2 adsorption with ALF at ≈190 K and ≈0.21 bar (the partial pressure of O2 in air) is ≈1.7 mmol/g, and at ice/salt temperatures (≈250 K), it is ≈0.3 mmol/g. Though the kinetics for full adsorption of O2 near 190 K are slower than at temperatures nearer 250 K, the kinetics for initial O2 adsorption are fast, suggesting that O2 separation using ALF with rapid temperature swings at ambient pressures is a potentially viable choice for low-cost air separation applications. We also present synthetic strategies for improving the kinetics of this family of compounds, namely, via Al/Fe solid solutions. To the best of our knowledge, ALF has the highest O2/N2 sorption selectivity among MOF adsorbents without open metal sites as verified by co-adsorption experiments..

Superior sorption capacity and one-step reduction of Au(III) by a novel chitosan-based electrospun fiber mat: A cheap and simple technique

In this study, electrospinning technique was used to synthesize a novel cost-effective fiber mat chitosan-glutaraldehyde-thiourea (CS-Glu-Th) with superior maximum sorption capacity, sorption rate, and selectivity. The sorption results showed that CS-Glu-Th performed perfectly at both low and high concentrations of Au(III), with the maximum sorption capacity above 2.28 × 106 mg/kg at high concentrations and a recovery efficiency of 98.44% at low concentrations; sorption equilibrium was reached in about 5 h. Sorption of Au(III) on CS-Glu-Th was driven by a combination of both electrostatic attraction and coordination interaction with C–N, CN, and CS groups. Importantly, 94.55% of the sorbed Au(III) was directly reduced to elemental gold by the electron donor C-N group. Additionally, CS-Glu-Th showed favorable sorption selectivity for Au(III); its recovery efficiency reached 97.30% under the interference of co-existing elements (i.e., Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), and Pt(IV)) at a same concentration of 2 mg/L. A cost-benefit analysis showed that if one synthesizes 1 kg of CS-Glu-Th, a profit of 33044.7 RMB can be achieved by recovering Au(III) from an industrial application scenario, equivalent to a profit rate of 22.0%. Our findings highlight that the finally-synthesized fiber mat CS-Glu-Th is a promising material to recover gold from the aqueous phase with excellent performance.

Selective sorption of oxygen and nitrous oxide by an electron donor-incorporated flexible coordination network

Incorporating strong electron donor functionality into flexible coordination networks is intriguing for sorption applications due to a built-in mechanism for electron-withdrawing guests. Here we report a 2D flexible porous coordination network, [Ni2(4,4′-bipyridine)(VTTF)2]n(1) (where H2VTTF = 2,2′-[1,2-bis(4-benzoic acid)-1,2ethanediylidene]bis-1,3-benzodithiole), which exhibits large structural deformation from the as-synthesized or open phase (1α) into the closed phase (1β) after guest removal, as demonstrated by X-ray and electron diffraction. Interestingly, upon exposure to electron-withdrawing species, 1β reversibly undergoes guest accommodation transitions; 1α⊃O2 (90 K) and 1α⊃N2O (185 K). Moreover, the 1β phase showed exclusive O2 sorption over other gases (N2, Ar, and CO) at 120 K. The phase transformations between the 1α and 1β phases under these gases were carefully investigated by in-situ X-ray diffraction, in-situ spectroscopic studies, and DFT calculations, validating that the unusual sorption was attributed to the combination of flexible frameworks and VTTF (electron-donor) that induces strong interactions with electron-withdrawing species.

Preparation and application of novel thermo-sensitive molecularly imprinted polymer for selective extraction of omeprazole from pharmaceutical formulation and biological fluids

ABSTRACT Omeprazole selective molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized by polymerization using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as a monomer, N-vinylcaprolactam as a thermo-sensitive polymer, and N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide as cross-linker, respectively. This study aimed to develop a novel polymer as a nanoadsorbent for the extraction of omeprazole in biological and pharmaceutical samples. To achieve maximum extraction recovery of the drug, the Nd:YAG pulsed laser irradiation was used to convert adsorbent particles into smaller sizes using water solvent at different irradiation times. Properties of prepared thermo-sensitive molecularly imprinted polymer were characterized by different analyses. The optimal extraction conditions were thermo-sensitive molecularly imprinted polymer dosage of 0.01 g, a cross-linking agent of 0.15 g, contact time of 15 min, eluent of methanol, the temperature of 25°C, initial drug concentration of 20 mg L−1, and solution pH of 4. The sorption isotherms and selective recognition of thermo-sensitive molecularly imprinted polymer were investigated in detail. Sorption results fitted well into the linearized Langmuir equation. The selectivity experiment has shown that the sorption capacity and selectivity of thermo-sensitive molecularly imprinted polymer to omeprazole were higher than those of bicalutamide and prednisolone. A high-performance liquid chromatography-ultra-violet detector method was validated and utilized for analysis of drug extracted from biological and pharmaceutical samples. The method was linear in the range of 0.5–80 mg L−1 with a relative standard deviation value of 0.094 and a limit of detection and a limit of quantification of 0.9 and 30 µg L−1, respectively. The recovery of omeprazole drug ranged from 94.3%, 99.2%, and 98.1%, respectively, in human plasma, human urine, and pharmaceutical samples.

Coordination enhancement of hydrogen and helium recovery in polybenzimidazole-based carbon molecular sieve membranes

Tailoring the microporous architecture of the precursors facilitates the gas separation performance in carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes. Herein, we report a facile strategy to tune the gas separation performance of CMS membranes through coordination between rare earth and imidazoles in the hierarchical triptycene-based polybenzimidazole (TPBI) precursor. By optimizing the pyrolysis condition and rare earth doping level, the resulting CMS membranes exhibited unprecedented H2 and He permeabilities and high gas selectivities, and the TPBI-Yb0.67@700 CMS membrane exhibited a 3-fold increase in H2 permeability and a 2-fold increase in H2/CO2 selectivity compared to the TPBI-CMS@700 CMS membrane. It was demonstrated by the solution/diffusion coefficients and microporosity analysis that the enhancement of gas separation performance originated from the more pronounced hierarchically slit-like micropore structure, as well as the boosted diffusion and sorption selectivities. The TPBI-Yb0.67@700 membrane displayed a H2 permeability of 8648 Barrer and a mixed-gas H2/CO2 selectivity of 14.5 at 150 °C, far exceeding the experimental CMS upper bound.

Selectively Permeable FeOOH Amorphous Layer Coating CdS for Enhancing Photocatalytic Conversion of Benzyl Alcohol and Selectivity to Benzaldehyde.

The development of new strategies to improve reaction efficiency and light utilization is one of the biggest challenges in photosynthetic chemistry. Dynamics control, particularly tuning the adsorption/desorption of reactants and products, is an ideal way to improve the conversion and selectivity in catalytic reactions, but it is rarely studied for photocatalytic organic synthesis. This study concerns the design of an amorphous FeOOH coating to decorate CdS photocatalyst to control the adsorption and desorption of reactants and products to improve reaction efficiency for the photocatalytic conversion of benzyl alcohol (BA) into benzaldehyde (BAD). The best conversion of the core-shell photocatalyst is 74.1 % in 2 h, together with >99.9 % selectivity to BAD, and the photocatalyst exhibits response above 600 nm, which is the longest active wavelength reported for the reaction. Further data illustrate that the amorphous FeOOH coating enables selective sorption of BA/BAD molecules by H-bonding interactions, which may result in the excellent performance. Construction of amorphous coating layers and understanding the selective permeability may provide a new strategy for the design of more efficient photocatalytic systems for organic synthesis.

Bio-aerogels derived from corn stalk and Premna Microphylla leaves as eco-friendly sorbents for oily water treatment: The role of microstructure in adsorption performance

Internal microstructure significantly affects the physicochemical properties and the adsorption ability of bio-aerogels. The effect of microstructure structure of bio-aerogels on oil sorption is still remain unexplored, thus needs a systematic and comparative study. In this study, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) derived from corn stalk were blended with Premna Microphylla leaves (PML) to fabricate bio-aerogels with distinct internal microstructure via two freeze casting methods, unidirectional and random freezing, aiming to shed lights on the correlation between capillary structure and oil sorption mechanism. At an optimized CNF/PML mass ratio of 9, the silanized CNF/PML bio-aerogels synthesized via random (SC9/P1R) and unidirectional freeze-drying (SC9/P1U) exhibited unorderly porous structure and parallel capillary structure, respectively. The blending of pectin-rich PML with CNF at an appropriate amount enhanced the crosslinking and reduced the bulk density and pore wall density of bio-aerogels, thereby enhancing the oil adsorption ability. Unorder-microstructure bio-aerogels were superior to order-microstructure ones in terms of oil sorption performance. The maximum machine oil sorption capacity for SC9/P1R and SC9/P1U was 130.1 and 97.5 g/g, respectively. Efficient separation of the oil and organic solvents from the organic-water mixture was achieved by SC9/P1R because of its high hydrophobicity and olephilicity. Besides, SC9/P1R can be reused for at least 15 cycles, showing prominent recovery potential. Unlike most other research, this works provides a proof of the superiority of random microstructure bio-aerogels over the finely-tuned capillary-structured ones for selective oil sorption. Therefore, under some circumstances, the isotropic bio-aerogels may be more effective than the anisotropic ones in applications to oil pollution treatment.

Synthesis of novel phosphate-based hypercrosslinked polymers for efficient uranium extraction from radioactive wastewater

The uranium extraction from radioactive wastewater is vitally important for both the sustainable nuclear energy and environmental protection. However, the efficient extraction of uranium (VI) faces great challenges due to the complex compositions of radioactive wastewater. In this work, phosphate-based hypercrosslinked polymer (HCP) is designed and synthesized via the Friedel-Crafts polymerization of different aryl phosphate with crosslinking monomer for efficient uranium (VI) extraction. The HCP has uranophilic phosphate group, large specific surface area and mesoporous structure. It can effectively adsorb uranium (VI) from solution under various pH conditions and the adsorption efficiency can achieve 98 %. The maximum sorption capacity of HCP reaches 302 mg/g at pH 7.0 with a sorbent dosage of 0.33 g/L, which is higher than many other phosphate-based polymer. Meantime, it shows good sorption selectivity for uranium (VI) over many other coexisting metal ions. It shows recyclability and can be well applied to the fixed-bed sorption column for long-time uranium (VI) extraction. Investigations on sorption mechanism reveals that the coordination effect between phosphate groups and uranium (VI) ions enhances the effective sorption of uranium (VI) on HCP. This work provides a facile way to construct heterogeneous phosphate sorbents, and demonstrates their potential for practical application in uranium (VI) recovery from radioactive wastewater.

COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON MOF ZIF-8 AND IONIC LIQUID [BMIm]<sup>+</sup>[BF<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup>: AN EPR STUDY USING NITROXIDE SPIN PROBES

A method for the controlled filling of pores in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with ionic liquids (ILs) is proposed, which can be applied for selective gas sorption in MOFs. Using an example of MOF ZIF-8 and IL [BMIm]+[BF4]−, the composites with different IL content were prepared upon control by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of nitroxide spin probes. The effect of IL on the sorption of nitric oxide (II) into these composites was studied using inversion gas chromatography.

Photo-Fenton self-cleaning carbon fibers membrane supported with Zr-MOF@Fe2O3 for effective phosphate removal from algae-rich water

Adsorbents featuring abundant binding sites and high affinity to phosphate have been used to resolve water eutrophication. However, most of the developed adsorbents were focused on improving the adsorption ability of phosphate but ignored the effect of biofouling on the adsorption process especially used in the eutrophic water body. Herein, a novel MOF-supported carbon fibers (CFs) membrane with high regeneration and antifouling capability, was prepared by in-situ synthesis of well-dispersed MOF on CFs membrane, to remove phosphate from algae-rich water. The hybrid UiO-66-(OH)2@Fe2O3@CFs membrane exhibits a maximum adsorption capacity of 333.3 mg g−1 (pH 7.0) and excellent selectivity for phosphate sorption over coexisting ions. Moreover, the Fe2O3 nanoparticles anchored on the surface of UiO-66-(OH)2 through ‘phenol-Fe(III)’ reaction can endow the membrane with the robust photo-Fenton catalytic activity, which improves long-term reusability even under algae-rich condition. After 4 times photo-Fenton regenerations, the regeneration efficiency of the membrane could remain 92.2%, higher than that of hydraulic cleaning (52.6%). Moreover, the growth of C. pyrenoidosa was significantly reduced by 45.8% within 20 days via metabolism inhibition due to membrane-induced P-deficient conditions. Hence, the developed UiO-66-(OH)2@Fe2O3@CFs membrane holds significant prospects for large-scale application in phosphate sequestration of eutrophic water bodies.

Clinical and Economic Evaluation of the Blood Purification with Selective Sorption Techniques in ICU Patients

The objective was to analyze the clinical and economic feasibility of using selective methods of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sorption for sepsis treatment.Materials and methods. A clinical and economic model was used to assess the feasibility of using some technologies of selective lipopolysaccharide sorption. The model was developed in accordance with the current industry standard «Clinical and Economic Research» used in Russia. The target population was patients of 18 years old and older with sepsis. The methodology involved the evaluation of available randomized clinical trials, as well as studies involving data from network meta-analyses and systematic reviews of the use of the studied technologies. The calculation of direct medical and indirect non-medical costs was made with an analysis of the impact on the budget during the first year and on the time horizon for five years.Results. The value of direct and indirect costs was determined when using sorption devices based on Efferon LPS, Toraymyxin, Alteco LPS Adsorber, Toxipak columns. It was shown that among the therapeutic alternatives, the use of the Efferon LPS column had the least burden on the budget.Conclusion. The use of selective lipopolysaccharide sorption technologies in the intensive care program for sepsis patients, although accompanied by an increase in direct and indirect financial costs, leads to budget savings in the medium term. Improving the mechanism for compensating the costs of using this technology is a promising way to improve the outcomes of sepsis treatment.

Control of the pore chemistry in metal-organic frameworks for efficient adsorption of benzene and separation of benzene/cyclohexane

Control of the pore chemistry in metal-organic frameworks for efficient adsorption of benzene and separation of benzene/cyclohexane

Recent Applications of Carbon Nanotubes for Separation and Enrichment of Lead Ions

Lead is one of the most toxic heavy metals released into the environment through industrial sources. Its direct determination is often a problem due to the presence of relatively complex matrices as well as low content. Thus, the additional separation and preconcentration steps are necessary in the analytical procedures. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) continue to attract significant interest for these purposes as they exhibit a high specific surface area, exceptional porosities, and numerous adsorption sites. The modified CNTs with active groups, reagents, or materials have been widely explored using more mutual interactions that can significantly improve their sorption capacity and selectivity. This paper summarizes the recent developments from 2017 in the application of carbon nanotubes for the separation of Pb(II) and its enrichment/removal from the matrix components. Attention is given to oxidized CNTs, their modification with complexing compounds, functionalization with metal oxides and polymers, new nanocomposites, and carbon nanotube membranes.