Selective PVC Membrane Electrode Research Articles

Celeriac as ionphore for green Co+2 selective PVC membrane electrode by experimental and theoretical investigation

Environmental pollution of heavy metals is increasingly becoming a problem and has become of great concern due to the adverse effects it is causing around the world. Many techniques were applied to detect, to determine and to remove. In this study, a simple electrochemical methods was used. The preparation of a novel PVC membrane green sensor was conducted for the Co+2 ion considering the Celeriac alcoholic extract. The sensor has a 29.5 mV decade−1 Nernstian slope within an extensive range of linear concentrations from 0.38 × 10−3 to 0.08 × 10−3 while possessing a 0.03 × 10−4. M detection limit. The response time reported for the proposed sensor is < 10 s, and it is useable for a minimum period of one month with no significant potential divergence. The potentiometric response independence from the test solution pH was also confirmed at pH ranges of 5.8–11. The introduced electrode is appropriately selective in various transition metal ions. The reactivity (chemical and electromechanical) characteristics, including electronegativity, electrophilicity, chemical potential, band gap, softness, and hardness were calculated using the DFT technique. As shown by the results, the apijin was highly reactive in different Celeriac compounds.

A New Fe (III)-Selective Membrane Electrode Based on Fe (II) Phthalocyanine

A new miniaturized all solid-state contact Fe (III)-selective PVC membrane electrode based on Fe (II) phthalocyanine as a neutral carrier was described. The effects of the membrane composition and foreign ions on the electrode performance was investigated. The best performance was obtained with a membrane containing 32% poly (vinyl chloride), 64% dioctylsebacate, 3% Fe (II) phthalocyanine, and 1% potassium tetrakis (p-chlorophenyl) borate. The electrode showed near Nernstian response of 26.04 ± 0.95 mV/decade over the wide linear concentration range 1.0 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−6&lt;/sup&gt; to 1.0 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; M, and a very low limit of detection 1.8±0.5 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−7&lt;/sup&gt; M. The potentiometric response of the developed electrode was independent at pH 3.5–5.7. The lifetime of the electrode was approximately 3 months and the response time was very short (&lt; 7 s). It exhibited excellent selectivity towards Fe (III) over various cations. The miniaturized all solid-state contact Fe (III)-selective membrane electrode was successfully applied as an indicator electrode for the potentiometric titration of 1.0 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt; M Fe (III) ions with a 1.0 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt; M EDTA and the direct determination of Fe (III) ions in real water samples.

A Ca2+ selective membrane electrode based on calcium-imprinted polymeric nanoparticles

In this work, a Ca2+ selective PVC-membrane electrode, utilizing nano-sized Ca2+ imprinted polymers as the ionophore, was introduced.

A new PbII selective PVC membrane electrode based on tris(2-benzothiazolylmethyl) amine as an ionophore

A new PbII selective PVC membrane electrode based on tris(2-benzothiazolylmethyl) amine as an ionophore

Nickel analysis in real samples by Ni2 + selective PVC membrane electrode based on a new Schiff base

A newly synthesized Schiff base 3-aminoacetophenonesemicarbazone (AAS) has been used for the preparation of Ni2+ selective PVC membrane electrode. The proposed electrode exhibits a Nernstian response over the nickel concentration range of 1.0×10−7 to 1.0×10−2molL−1 with a slope of 30.0±0.3mV/decade of concentration. The limit of detection as determined from the intersection linear segment of the calibration plot is 5.1×10−8molL−1. The electrode shows good selectivity towards nickel with respect to several alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. The response time of the electrode is very fast (≥10s) and can be used for 17weeks in the pH range of 2.0–9.8. The electrode can also be used in partially non-aqueous media having up to 20% (v/v) methanol, ethanol or acetone content with no significant change in the value of slope or working concentration range. To investigate the analytical applicability of the electrode, it was successfully applied as an indicator electrode in Ni2+ ion potentiometric titration with EDTA, and in direct determination of nickel(II) in real samples.

Response characteristics of new perchlorate selective PVC membrane electrode based on a tripodal benzimidazole derivative as a neutral carrier

Response characteristics of new perchlorate selective PVC membrane electrode based on a tripodal benzimidazole derivative as a neutral carrier

Mg(II) Selective PVC Membrane Electrode Based on Methyl Phenyl Semicarbazone as an Ionophore

A PVC‐membrane‐based Mg(II) selective electrode was constructed using methyl phenyl semicarbazone (MPS) as a neutral carrier. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for Mg(II) ion over a wide concentration range 1.0 × 10−8 to 1.0 × 10−1 M with the slope of 28.4 mV/per decade having detection limit 1.7 × 10−9 M. It was relatively a fast response time (&lt;10 s for concentration ≥1.0 × 10−3 and &lt;15 s for concentration of ≥1.0 × 10−6 M) and can be used for 8 months without any considerable divergence in potentials. The proposed sensor revealed relatively good selectivity and high sensitivity for Mg(II) over a mono‐, di‐, and trivalent cation and can be used in a pH range of 1.0–9.5. It was also successfully used as an indicator electrode in potentiometer titration and in the analysis of concentration of magnesium in various real samples.

Modification of Nanoclinoptilolite Zeolite with Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Surfactant as an Active Ingredient of Chromate‐Selective Membrane Electrode

A novel chromate selective PVC membrane electrode was constructed using a hexadecyltrimethylammonium‐surfactant modified zeolite (SMZ). Nano particles of an Iranian clinoptilolite zeolite were prepared by a ball‐mill mechanical method and characterized by FT‐IR, SEM and XRD. Best performance was exhibited at the membrane composition of SMZ : PVC : dioctyl phthalate (DOP) in the ratio of 4 : 32 : 64. This membrane worked well over a wide concentration range from 5 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−2 mol L−1 of with a Nernstian slope of −29.38 ± 0.29 mv per decade of concentration with detection limit of 2 × 10−6 mol L−1 in a wide pH range of 6.8–10.7. The response time of the sensor is 5–10 s over a period of 2 months with good reproducibility. The selectivity coefficients of the proposed electrode towards various interfering ions were determined by FIM and SSM methods. The sensor was successfully used as indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of against Pb(II) and determination of chromium in an electroplating wastewater sample.

Tin(II) Selective PVC Membrane Electrode Based on Salicylaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone as an Ionophore

A polymeric membrane‐based tin selective electrode was developed by using salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (STSC). The best performance was recorded with a membrane composition of PVC : TBP : ionophore : NaTPB as 28 : 59 : 8 : 5 (w/w%). The Nernstian slope calculated from the calibration curve for Sn2+ sensor was 28.8 ± 0.4 mV/decade. The detection limit of the sensor was 2.10 × 10−8 M, in the linear concentration range of 1.0 × 10−2 − 1.1 × 10−7 M. It was relatively fast response time (&lt;8 s for concentration ≥1.0 × 10−4 and &lt;12 s for concentration of ≥1.0 × 10−6 M) and can be used for 9 months without any considerable divergence in potentials. The proposed sensor exhibit relatively good selectivity and high sensitivity for tin(II) as other mono‐, di‐, and trivalent cations and can be used in a pH range of 2.0–8.5. The analytical usefulness of the proposed electrode has been evaluated by its application in the determination of stannous in artificially made samples.

Strontium(II) selective PVC membrane electrode based acetophenone semicarbazone (ACS) as an ionophore

A new PVC membrane based strontium(II) ion-selective electrode has been constructed using acetophenone semicarbazone as a neutral carrier. The sensor exhibits a Nerstian response for strontium(II) ion over a wide concentration range 1.0×10−2–1.0×10−7M with the slope of 29.4mV/per decade. The limit of detection was 2.7×10−8M. It was relatively fast response time (<10s for concentration ⩾1.0×10−3 and <15s for concentration of ⩾1.0×10−6M) and can be used for 8months without any considerable divergence in potentials. The proposed sensor revealed relatively good selectivity and high sensitivity for strontium(II) over a mono, di, trivalent cation and can be used in a pH range of 2.5–10.5. It was also successfully used as an indicator electrode in potentiometer titration and in the analysis of concentration in various real samples.

Aluminum(III)‐selective PVC Membrane Electrode Based on Salicylaldehyde Salicyloyl Hydrazone

AbstractA highly selective PVC membrane electrode for Al3+ based on salicylaldehyde salicyloyl hydrazone as a neutral carrier has been prepared and studied. The sensor exhibits a good response for Al3+ over a linear range of 9.0 × 10‐6 to 1.0 × 10‐1 mol/L, with a Nernstian slope of 20.0 ± 0.2 mV/decade and detection limit of 7.0 × 10‐6 mol/L. Selectivity coefficients determined by the method of separate solution indicate high selectivity for Al3+. The response mechanism was discussed in view of UV‐Vis spectroscopy technique and the A.C. impedance technique. It was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Al3+ with EDTA and in the determination of Al3+ in real samples. The electrode has a relatively fast response time, long life time and satisfactory stability.

Highly Selective and Sensitive Thiocyanate PVC Membrane Electrodes Based on Modified Zeolite ZSM-5

Highly Selective and Sensitive Thiocyanate PVC Membrane Electrodes Based on Modified Zeolite ZSM-5

Copper(II) Selective PVC Membrane Electrodes Based on Schiff base 1,2-Bis (E-2-hydroxy benzylidene amino)anthracene-9,10-dione Complex as an Ionophore

The Schiff base 1,2-bis(E-2-hydroxy benzylidene amino)anthracene-9,10-dione has been synthesized and explored as ionophore for preparing PVC-based membrane sensors selective to the copper (<TEX>$Cu^{2+}$</TEX>) ion. Potentiometric investigations indicate high affinity of these receptors for copper ion. The best performance was shown by the membrane of composition (w/w) of ionophore: 1 mg, PVC: 33 mg, DOP: 66 mg and KTpClPB as additive were added 50 mol % relative to the ionophore in 1 ml THF. The proposed sensor's detection limit is <TEX>$2.8{\times}10^{-7}$</TEX> M over pH 5 at room temperature (Nernstian slope 31.76 mV/dec.) with a response time of 15 seconds and showed good selectivity to copper ion over a number of interfering cations.

Thiocyanate: selective membrane electrode based on macrotricyclic binuclear Cu(II)–Schiff base complex

A highly selective PVC membrane electrode was prepared for thiocyanate (SCN−) determination, based on macrotricyclic binuclear Cu(II)–Schiff base complex as an ionophore. The novel macrotricyclic compound (cryptand) was synthesized by condensation of 4,4′-diamino-dibenzo-18-crown-6 with bis(4-formyl phenyl)terephthalate under high-dilution condition and the structure was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR,13C NMR and MS studies. The Cu(II) complex of the compound was prepared and was examined for use as anion-selective electrode as a carrier which displays an anti-Hofmeister selectivity sequence in following order: SCN− > ClO4 − > NO3 − > CN− > I− > CO3 2− > NO2 − > Br− > Cl− > SO4 2− with a preference for thiocyanate ion over many common anions. The electrode has a linear dynamic range between 1.0 × 10−7 and 1.0 × 10−1 M, with a Nernstian slope of −58.9 mV decade−1 and detection limit of 3.1 × 10−8 M. The working pH range of the sensor was found be in the range of 3.0–8.0. It exhibits a fast response time of 20 s and has a lifetime of about 2 months. Application of the electrode for determination of thiocyanate in waste water samples and in human urine samples have also been demonstrated.

Application of the cobaltabisdicarbollide anion to the development of ion selective PVC membrane electrodes for tuberculosis drug analysis

The cobaltabisdicarbollide anion is used as a new material able to generate an ion-pair complex used for PVC membrane ion selective electrodes.

고 선택성 수은(II) 이온 막 센서

A new ion selective PVC membrane electrode is developed as a sensor for mercury(II) ions based on bis(benzoylacetone) propylenediimine (H 2 (BA) 2 PD) as an ionophore. The electrode shows good response characteristics and displays, a linear Emf vs. log[Hg 2+ ] response over the concentration range of 1.0×10 -6 to 1.0×10 -1 M Hg(II) with a Nemstian slope of 29.8±0.75 mV per decade and with a detection limit of 2.2×10 -7 M Hg(II) over the pH range of 2.5-11.5. Selectivity concentrations for Hg(II) relative to a number of potential interfering ions were also investigated. The sensor is highly selective for Hg(II) ions over a large number of cations with different charge. The sensor has been found to be chemically inert showing a fast response time of 60 s and was used over a period of 3 months with a good reproducibility (S = 0.27 mV). The electrode was successfully applied to determine mercury(II) in real samples with satisfactory results.

A Highly Selective and Sensitive Thorium(IV) PVC Membrane Electrode Based on a Dithio-tetraaza Macrocyclic Compound

A poly(vinyl chloride)-based membrane composed of dithio-tetraaza macrocyclic compound as a neutral carrier with sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) as an anion excluder and nitrobenzene (NB) as plasticizer was prepared and investigated as a Th(IV)-selective electrode. The electrode exhibits a Nernstian slope of 14.2 +/- 0.3 mV per decade over a wide concentration range (1.0 x 10(-6) to 1.0 x 10(-1) M) with a detection limit of 8.0 x 10(-7) M between pH 3.5 and 9.5. The response time of the sensor is about 10 s and it can be used over a period of 5 months without any divergence in potential. The proposed membrane sensor revealed a good selectivity for Th(IV) over a wide variety of other metal ions and proved to be a better electrode in many respects than those reported in the literature. It was successfully applied as an electrode indicator as well as in the direct determination of thorium ions in standard and real samples.

Batch and Flow‐Injection Determination of Catecholamines Using Ion Selective Electrodes

New epinephrine (EP), dopamine (DA), and L‐Dopa (LD) ion selective PVC membrane electrodes based on ion‐pairs of catecholamines with tetraphenylborate (TPhB) are prepared. In the present work, plastic membrane selective electrodes have been constructed. They are based on the incorporation of EP‐TPhB, DA‐TPhB, or LD‐TPhB ion exchangers in poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) membranes plasticized with di(2‐ethylhexyl)sebacate (DES). The electrodes show a near – Nernstian response in the concentration ranges: 1.0×10−4—1.0×10−2 mol/L (epinephrine), 5.0×10−5–1.0×10−2 mol/L (dopamine), and 5.0×10−4–1.0×10−2 mol/L (L‐Dopa). The electrodes selective for epinephrine and L‐Dopa are used as detectors in the flow injection system. The proposed methods allow determination of catecholamines in pharmaceutical preparations.

Mercury (II) - Selective PVC Membrane Electrodes Based on Novel Cryptand Derivatives

Mercury (II) - Selective PVC Membrane Electrodes Based on Novel Cryptand Derivatives

A Selective Membrane Electrode for Lanthanum(III) Ion Based on a Hexaaza Macrocycle Derivative as Ionophore

We have developed a highly La(III)-selective PVC membrane electrode based on a hexaaza macrocycle, 8,16-dimethyl-6,14-diphenyl-2,3,4:10,11,12-dipyridine-1,3,5,9,11,13-hexaazacyclohexadeca-3,5,8,11,13,16-hexaene [Bzo2Me2Pyo2(16)-hexaeneN6] (I) as membrane carrier, dibutylbutyl phosphonate (DBBP) as solvent mediator and sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) as lipophilic additive. The best performance was given by the membrane of macrocycle I having a composition 10:260:5:120 (I:DBBP:NaTPB:PVC). The electrode exhibits a Nernstian response to La(III) ion in the concentration range 1.0x10(-1)-7.94x10(-7) M with a slope of 19.8+/-0.2 mV/decade of concentration and a detection limit of 5.62x10(-7) M. The response time of the sensor is 12 s and it can be used over a period of 4 months with good reproducibility. The electrode works well over a pH range of 2.5-10.0 and in partially non-aqueous medium with up to 30% organic content. The sensor was also used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of La(III) ions with EDTA and for determining La(III) concentration in real samples.