Selective Process Research Articles

Social media engagement in health and climate change: an exploratory analysis of Twitter

Social media are increasingly used by the public to share information and opinions. This study explores social media engagement in health and climate change through an analysis of English-language posts on Twitter, one of the most widely-used platforms. We searched Twitter from 21 March 2023 to 11 May 2023 for posts related to climate change using climate-related textwords and hashtags; we then used health keywords (‘health’, ‘wellbeing’, ‘illness’, ‘illnesses’, ‘disease’, ‘death’) to identify posts related to health. Focusing on posts from general public users, we investigated the proportion of climate change posts referring to health and, for a random sample of these tweets, undertook a content analysis to identify the ways in which climate change and health were represented. The content analysis drew on media research on ‘framing’, a selective process through which particular aspects of an issue—for example, its causes, impacts and solutions—are highlighted. 668 810 posts related to climate change were posted during the study period. Health-related text words were included in 2.3% (15 434) of these posts. The content analysis pointed to two divergent frames. The first frame represents climate change as real, with real effects on people’s health. The second frame portrays climate change as a hoax, with hoax-generated health effects. While the ‘reality’ frame does not engage with the hoax frame, the latter provides an insistent counter-narrative that questions trust in mainstream science and government policy. Neither frame engages with people’s experiences of health and climate change. In conclusion, our study points to low levels of engagement in health in a key forum for public discussions about climate change. It also asks whether the failure of the ‘reality’ frame to engage either with people’s lived experiences or with hoax framings may be contributing to a polarised debate about climate change and health and hindering consensus-building.

Industrial sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to a sewershed in Ontario, Canada.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment despite global regulatory action to restrict their use in industrial processes and products. The objective of this reconnaissance sampling was to understand current industrial use and ongoing sources of PFAS in Ontario. Fourteen PFAS were analyzed in effluents from four sectors: electroplaters, laundry and carpet cleaners, landfills, and circuit board manufacturers that discharge to sewersheds connected to wastewater treatment plants. Maximum concentrations were detected in carpet cleaning wastewater: 79,000ng/L for perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), 26,000ng/L perfluorooctane sulfate (PFOS), and 9400ng/L perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Total summed PFAS (∑PFAS14) concentrations were highest in laundry and carpet cleaners > electroplaters > landfill leachate > circuit boarders. These results indicate that PFAS continue to be used in select manufacturing and processing facilities and that the elevated levels are associated with past and current uses in commercial products.

Manganese dioxide decorated kiwi peel powder for efficient removal of lead from aqueous solutions, blood and Traditional Chinese Medicine extracts

For human health and environment safety, it is of great significance to develop novel materials with high effectiveness for removal of lead from not only aqueous solutions but also human body and traditional Chinese medicines. Here, functional kiwi peel composite, manganese dioxide decorated kiwi peel powder (MKPP), is proposed for the removal of Pb2+ effectively. The adsorption of Pb2+ in aqueous solution is a highly selective and endothermic process and kinetically follows a pseudo-second-order model, which can reach equilibrium with the capacity of 192.7 mg/g within 10 min. Comprehensive factors of hydration energy, charge-to-radius ratio and softness of Pb2+ make a stronger affinity between MKPP and Pb2+. The possible adsorption mechanism involves covalent bond, electrostatic force and chelation, etc. MKPP can be efficiently regenerated and reused with high adsorption efficiency after five cycles. Besides, MKPP can remove over 97% of Pb2+ from real water samples. MKPP can also alleviate lead poisoning to a certain extent and make the Pb level of TCM extract meet the safety standard. This work highlights that MKPP is a promising adsorbent for the removal of Pb2+ and provides an efficient strategy for reusing kiwi peel as well as dealing with the problem of Pb pollution.

Directing Hydrogen Isotope Exchange with Aryl Carboxylic Acids

AbstractA highly effective and selective ortho-directed hydrogen isotope exchange process for aryl carboxylic acids has been achieved by using an iridium(I) N-heterocyclic carbene/phosphine complex under mild and neutral conditions. Good levels of deuterium incorporation have been delivered across a wide array of examples, including a number of biologically active drug compounds.

On the robustness of the brand positivity effect: Is impulsivity a moderator of overly favorable judgments and choices of focal options?

AbstractFive experiments were conducted to explore trait impulsivity as a possible contributor to the magnitude of the Brand Positivity Effect, and to provide a more sophisticated empirical account of the role of selective processing in driving it than reported in prior research. Although the experiments considered very different choice categories including a product, a service, an experience, and a public good, data were convergent in several ways: (a) the Brand Positivity Effect in judgment, choice intention, and non‐hypothetical choice was replicated, (b) non‐intrusive process‐tracing methodology established that selective processing is related to the magnitude of the Brand Positivity Effect, and (c) the Brand Positivity Effect was demonstrated to be a robust phenomenon that is observed regardless of individuals' trait impulsivity.

The impact of internal-generated contextual clues on EFL vocabulary learning: insights from EEG.

With the popularity of learning vocabulary online among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners today, educators and researchers have been considering ways to enhance the effectiveness of this approach. Prior research has underscored the significance of contextual clues in vocabulary acquisition. However, few studies have compared the context provided by instructional materials and that generated by learners themselves. Hence, this present study sought to explore the impact of internal-generated contextual clues in comparison to those provided by instructional materials on EFL learners' online vocabulary acquisition. A total of 26 university students were enrolled and underwent electroencephalography (EEG). Based on a within-subjects design, all participants learned two groups of vocabulary words through a series of video clips under two conditions: one where the contexts were externally provided and the other where participants themselves generated the contexts. In this regard, participants were tasked with either viewing contextual clues presented on the screen or creating their own contextual clues for word comprehension. EEG signals were recorded during the learning process to explore neural activities, and post-tests were conducted to assess learning performance after each vocabulary learning session. Our behavioral results indicated that comprehending words with internal-generated contextual clues resulted in superior learning performance compared to using context provided by instructional materials. Furthermore, EEG data revealed that learners expended greater cognitive resources and mental effort in semantically integrating the meaning of words when they self-created contextual clues, as evidenced by stronger alpha and beta-band oscillations. Moreover, the stronger alpha-band oscillations and lower inter-subject correlation (ISC) among learners suggested that the generative task of creating context enhanced their top-down attentional control mechanisms and selective visual processing when learning vocabulary from videos. These findings underscored the positive effects of internal-generated contextual clues, indicating that instructors should encourage learners to construct their own contexts in online EFL vocabulary instruction rather than providing pre-defined contexts. Future research should aim to explore the limits and conditions of employing these two types of contextual clues in online EFL vocabulary learning. This could be achieved by manipulating the quality and understandability of contexts and considering learners' language proficiency levels.

Non-invasive cumulus cell analysis can be applied for oocyte ranking and is useful for countries with legal restrictions on embryo generation or freezing.

Can a strategy for scoring oocyte quality, based on cumulus cell (CC) gene expression, prioritize oocytes with the highest implantation potential, while limiting the number of embryos to be processed in culture and the number of supernumerary embryos to be vitrified? An interventional, blinded, prospective cohort study was retrospectively analyzed. In the original study, patients underwent a fresh Day3 single embryo transfer with embryos ranked based on morphology and CC gene expression (Aurora Test). The additional ranking of the embryos with the Aurora Test resulted in significant higher clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. Now it is investigated if the Aurora Test ranking could be applied to select oocytes. The effect of an Aurora Test based restriction to 2 and 3 2PN or MII oocytes on clinical pregnancy and other outcomes, was analyzed in two subsets of patients with all 2PN (n = 83) or all MII oocytes (n = 45) ranked. Considering only the top three ranked 2PN oocytes, 95% of the patients would have received a fresh SET on Day3 resulting in 65% clinical pregnancies. This was not different from the pregnancy rate obtained in a strategy using all oocytes but significantly reduced the need for vitrification of supernumerary embryos by 3-fold. Considering only top-ranked MII oocytes gave similar results. In countries with legal restrictions on freezing of embryos, gene expression of CC can be used for the selective processing of oocytes and would thus decrease the twin pregnancy rate and workload, especially for embryo morphology scoring and transfers as the handling and processing of lower competence oocytes is prevented, while improving the ART outcome.

Leukemia and mitophagy: a novel perspective for understanding oncogenesis and resistance.

Mitophagy, the selective autophagic process that specifically degrades mitochondria, serves as a vital regulatory mechanism for eliminating damaged mitochondria and maintaining cellular balance. Emerging research underscores the central role of mitophagy in the initiation, advancement, and treatment of cancer. Mitophagy is widely acknowledged to govern mitochondrial homeostasis in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), influencing their metabolic dynamics. In this article, we integrate recent data to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms governing mitophagy and its intricate significance in the context of leukemia. An in-depth molecular elucidation of the processes governing mitophagy may serve as a basis for the development of pioneering approaches in targeted therapeutic interventions.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Li Alloys with Different Li Contents Prepared by Selective Laser Melting.

Research on the development of new lightweight Al-Li alloys using a selective laser melting process has great potential for industrial applications. This paper reports on the development of novel aluminum-lithium alloys using selective laser melting technology. Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag-Sc-Zr pre-alloyed powders with lithium contents of 1 wt.%, 2 wt.% and 3 wt.%, respectively, were prepared by inert gas atomization. After SLM process optimization, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-printed specimens were investigated. The densifications of the three newly developed alloys were 99.51%, 98.96% and 92.01%, respectively. They all had good formability, with the lithium loss rate at about 15%. The as-printed alloy with 1% Li content presented good comprehensive properties, with a yield strength of 413 ± 16 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 461 ± 12 MPa, and an elongation of 14 ± 1%. The three alloys exhibited a layered molten pool stacking morphology and had a typical heterostructure. The columnar crystals and equiaxed fine grains were alternately arranged, and most of the precipitated phases were enriched at the grain boundaries. The change in Li content mainly affected the precipitation of the Cu-containing phase. When the Li content was 1 wt.%, the following occured: θ phase, T1 phase and TB phase. When Li increased to 2 wt.%, T1 and T2 phases precipitated together. When Li reaches 3 wt.%, δ' phase precipitated with T2 phase. This study provides useful guidance for the future SLM forming of new crack-free and high-strength Al-Li alloys.

In Situ Creation of Surface Defects on Pd@NiPd with Core-shell Hierarchical Structure Toward Boosting Electrocatalytic Activity.

A deep insight into surface structural evolution of the catalyst is a challenging issue to reveal the structure-activity relationship. In this contribution, based on a surface alloying strategy, the dual-functional Pd@NiPd catalyst with a unique core-shell hierarchical structure is developed through selective crystal growth, surface cocrystallization, directional self-assembly, and reduction process. The surface defects are created in situ on the outer NiPd alloy layer in the electrochemical redox processes, which endow the Pd@NiPd catalyst with excellent electrocatalytic activity of hydrogen generation reaction (HER) and oxygen generation reaction (OER) in alkaline media. The optimal Pd@NiPd-2 catalyst requires an overpotential of only 18 mV that is far lower than Pt/C benchmark (43 mV) at the current density of 10 mA cm-2 for the HER, and 210 mV that is far lower than RuO2 benchmark (430 mV) at 50 mA cm-2 for the OER. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the outstanding electrocatalytic activity is originated from the creation of surface defect structure that induces a significant reduction in the adsorption and dissociation energy barriers of H2O molecules in the HER and a decrease in the conversion energy from O* to OOH* that resulted from the synergy of two adjacent Pd sites by forming O-bridge. This work affords a typical paradigm for exploiting efficient catalysts and investigating the dependence of electrocatalytic activity on the surface structural evolution.

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Inconel 718 Lattice Structures Produced by Selective Laser Melting Process.

This article presents the results of an analysis regarding the microstructure, mechanical strength, and microhardness of two kinds of samples built through selective laser melting with Inconel 718, the most frequently used alloy in metal additive manufacturing due to its excellent mechanical properties. The sample geometry was made up of two types of lattice structures with spherical and hyperbolical stiffness elements. The goals of these studies are to determine how homogenization heat treatment influences the microhardness and the mechanical properties of the specimens and to identify the structure with the best mechanical properties. The analysis showed that heat treatment was beneficial because the regular dendritic structure disappears, the δ phase precipitates at the grain boundaries, and both the γ and γ″ phases dissolve. It has also been shown that the structures with hyperbolical stiffness elements have better compressive strength than the structures with the elliptical structures, with a 47.6% increase for the as-fabricated structures and an approximate 50% increase for the heat-treated structure.

Analysis of the Basic Characteristics of the Working Accuracy of the Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing ADAM Process by Comparison with the Selective Laser Melting SLM Process

Analysis of the Basic Characteristics of the Working Accuracy of the Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing ADAM Process by Comparison with the Selective Laser Melting SLM Process

Homoporous membranes of block copolymers: Upscalable preparation by spray coating and performance boosting by quaternization

The remarkable permselectivity of homoporous membranes (HOMEs) confers them with unparalleled advantages in high-precision separation. However, the upscalable fabrication of HOMEs remains a challenging yet crucial task to meet practical demands. Herein, we present a facile and controllable strategy for producing HOMEs through spray coating of block copolymers (BCPs) on macroporous substrates, followed by annealing and selective swelling. By controlling the BCP concentrations and ambient humidity during spray coating, dense BCP layers with adjustable thickness can be formed. The use of suitable pore-filling agents for filling the pores of substrates during spray coating and annealing prevents BCP from penetrating into the substrates. Also, it ensures robust adhesion between the BCP layers and macroporous substrates. Direct spray-coating circumvents the intricate and uncontrollable BCP layer transformation process, thereby enabling the successful fabrication of HOMEs over a large area of 100 cm2. The separation performances of thus-prepared homoporous membranes can be easily regulated by changing the swelling durations. Furthermore, the selective swelling process leads to the enrichment of BCP polarity chains on the surface and pore walls, allowing for further quaternization modification. Consequently, a synchronous promotion in permeability and selectivity of HOMEs is achieved.

Microwave joining of copper pipes using selective microwave hybrid heating process: Simulation and experimental study

High thermal conductivity of copper poses serious challenges in its joining in conventional welding techniques leading to development of alternate welding techniques. Microwave welding is one such newly developed joining technique that use selective microwave hybrid heating (SMHH). The joining of the copper pipes using SMHH has not been explored in existing literature. The present paper attempts the microwave joining of copper pipes using SMHH. The exposure time required for joining copper pipes using SMHH was predicted by COMSOL Multiphysics software. The joining was attempted at the predicted exposure time using a novel cavity design inside a conventional microwave oven. The copper pipes have been successfully joined at temperature and exposure period of 1080ºC and 720 s respectively and was in good agreement with the predicted values i.e., 708 s. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed good metallurgical bonding between the base metal and joint interface. The presence of columnar grains has been observed at heat affected zone (HAZ) using electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). EBSD analysis revealed randomly arranged grains with mixed modes of planes inside the base metal. The occurrence of high angle grains (HAGs) along with high dislocation density in base metal resulted in the improvement in the mechanical properties as revealed in grain average misorientation (GAM) maps. The maximum value of microhardness has been observed at the joint region (105 ± 7 Hv) followed by base metal and HAZ i.e. (97 ± 5 Hv) and (89 ± 8 Hv) respectively owing to the existence of fine grain of copper (µm) and carbide formation.

Review Paper- Modern Recruitment and Selection Process

This research paper is about Modern recruitment and selection process, in my research as I go further, I know about the many methods that is uses for hiring and selecting employees. The corporation has recently begun to view its human capital as its most significant asset. The organization closely monitors the recruitment process since it fosters the organization's advancement and growth. The term "recruitment" is now used to describe human resource logistics. Human resource logistics are now referred to as "recruitment". This paper's primary goal is to list standard procedures that businesses use when hiring and choosing employees. This paper focuses on the different methods of recruitment and selecting process, and choosing the right man for right job. Keywords: recruitment, human capital, organization, selection, employees, advancement and growth

Sm complex assembly and 5' cap trimethylation promote selective processing of snRNAs by the 3' exonuclease TOE1.

Competing exonucleases that promote 3' end maturation or degradation direct quality control of small non-coding RNAs, but how these enzymes distinguish normal from aberrant RNAs is poorly understood. The Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia 7 (PCH7)-associated 3' exonuclease TOE1 promotes maturation of canonical small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). Here, we demonstrate that TOE1 achieves specificity toward canonical snRNAs through their Sm complex assembly and cap trimethylation, two features that distinguish snRNAs undergoing correct biogenesis from other small non-coding RNAs. Indeed, disruption of Sm complex assembly via snRNA mutations or protein depletions obstructs snRNA processing by TOE1, and in vitro snRNA processing by TOE1 is stimulated by a trimethylated cap. An unstable snRNA variant that normally fails to undergo maturation becomes fully processed by TOE1 when its degenerate Sm binding motif is converted into a canonical one. Our findings uncover the molecular basis for how TOE1 distinguishes snRNAs from other small non-coding RNAs and explain how TOE1 promotes maturation specifically of canonical snRNAs undergoing proper processing.

The Characterization of Residues Related to the Roasting– Leaching–Electrowinning Zinc Production Route for Further Metal Extraction

Super-hot acid leach residue is generated during zinc production in the roasting–leaching–electrowinning route, where both primary and secondary resources are used as feed material. This residue may contain valuable metals, such as lead, zinc, and iron, as well as precious metals, such as gold and silver. Four materials, namely super-hot acid leach residue, a residue formed when super-hot acid leach residue is selectively leached for lead with triethylenetetramine, as well as flotation concentrate, and flotation tailings formed in a selective silver flotation process with super-hot acid leach residue as the feed material were characterized to obtain a deeper understanding of possible further metal extraction. These four materials were characterized for chemical composition, mineralogy, and mineral distribution via chemical analyses, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The scanning electron microscope images showed that the materials have large variations in particle size distribution and composition. The results showed that the main lead phase in super-hot acid leach residue is lead sulfate, whereas it is mostly converted to lead sulfide during the selective lead leaching of the super-hot acid leach residue. The remaining lead sulfate is found in a solid solution with barium sulfate. Extracting lead from super-hot acid leach residue via triethylenetetramine leaching resulted in increased concentrations of gold and silver by 41% and 42%, respectively. The identified silver phases in super-hot acid leach residue may correspond to silver sulfide, silver chloride, and elementary silver, where silver sulfide was the most commonly occurring silver phase. After leaching this selectively for lead with triethylenetetramine, similar silver phases were identified, but silver sulfide and silver chloride occurred to a similar extent. Additionally, silver copper sulfide was detected. The presence of different silver phases might pose a challenge to reaching high silver recovery during leaching as the optimum leaching conditions differ somewhat. Furthermore, elemental sulfur, with a tendency to coat gold and silver particle surfaces, which is indicated to be present in all materials except the silver flotation tailings, may hinder metal extraction.

Selective laser melting processing of heterostructured Ti6Al4V/FeCoNiCrMo alloy with superior strength and ductility

In the selective laser melting (SLM) process, the transient nature of the molten pool and rapid cooling rate facilitates partial homogenization of components, resulting in attaining a finer scale concentration modulation and spatial heterostructure. However, the SLM-processed Ti6Al4V alloys have long suffered from the problem of both large detrimental columnar grains and poor work-hardening capacity. In this study, a high entropy alloy of FeCoNiCrMo particles was incorporated into the Ti6Al4V alloy and fabricated by the SLM technique. The resulting alloys exhibited a fine-scale modulated β + α' spatial heterostructure, delivering a notable tensile strength of 1366.4 MPa and a uniform elongation of approximately 8.7% with an excellent work-hardening capacity exceeding 300 MPa. This outstanding performance can be attributed to the progressive transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect and hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening within the ultra-refined α' martensite and metastable β phase regions. This work provided a compelling model of additive manufacture of heterogeneous structures while offering new insights and directions for the development of metallic materials with high strength-ductility characteristics.

355 nm Nanosecond Ultraviolet Pulsed Laser Annealing Effects on Amorphous In-Ga-ZnO Thin Film Transistors.

Bottom-gate thin-film transistors (TFTs) with n-type amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) active channels and indium-tin oxide (ITO) source/drain electrodes were fabricated. Then, an ultraviolet (UV) nanosecond pulsed laser with a wavelength of 355 nm was scanned to locally anneal the active channel at various laser powers. After laser annealing, negative shifts in the threshold voltages and enhanced on-currents were observed at laser powers ranging from 54 to 120 mW. The energy band gap and work function of a-IGZO extracted from the transmittance and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurement data confirm that different energy band structures for the ITO electrode/a-IGZO channel were established depending on the laser annealing conditions. Based on these observations, the electron injection mechanism from ITO electrodes to a-IGZO channels was analyzed. The results show that the selective laser annealing process can improve the electrical performance of the a-IGZO TFTs without any thermal damage to the substrate.

Tissue-Predisposition to Cancer Driver Mutations.

Driver mutations are considered the cornerstone of cancer initiation. They are defined as mutations that convey a competitive fitness advantage, and hence, their mutation frequency in premalignant tissue is expected to exceed the basal mutation rate. In old terms, that translates to "the survival of the fittest" and implies that a selective process underlies the frequency of cancer driver mutations. In that sense, each tissue is its own niche that creates a molecular selective pressure that may favor the propagation of a mutation or not. At the heart of this stands one of the biggest riddles in cancer biology: the tissue-predisposition to cancer driver mutations. The frequency of cancer driver mutations among tissues is non-uniform: for instance, mutations in APC are particularly frequent in colorectal cancer, and 99% of chronic myeloid leukemia patients harbor the driver BCR-ABL1 fusion mutation, which is rarely found in solid tumors. Here, we provide a mechanistic framework that aims to explain how tissue-specific features, ranging from epigenetic underpinnings to the expression of viral transposable elements, establish a molecular basis for selecting cancer driver mutations in a tissue-specific manner.