Selective Non-enzymatic Glucose Sensor Research Articles

Non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensor based on nitrogen-doped graphene modified with polyaniline and Fe3O4@MIL-101-NH2 nano framework

In this study, a novel highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose sensor was fabricated by coating simple and cheap graphite sheet (GS) electrodes with a proper conductive nanocomposite containing nitrogen-doped functionalized graphene (NFG), conductive polyaniline (PANI), and core–shell nanoparticles (Fe3O4@MIL-101-NH2). The results revealed that the core centers of iron oxide nanoparticles shelled by MIL-101-NH2 enhanced the electron transfer and led to more conductivity, also their existence caused the limitation of the MOF’s low conductivity. In addition, using Fe3O4@MIL-101-NH2 in the nanocomposite structure led to more sensitivity and selectivity at glucose monitoring due to its amine groups and unique structure. The results showed that NFG/PANI/Fe3O4@MIL-101-NH2 nanocomposite provided a large surface area besides enhanced electron transfer and catalytic properties that lead to proper oxidation of glucose with two linear ranges of 0.5 – 10 µM and 100 µM – 25 mM and a low detection limit of 0.3 µM (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the relative standard deviation (RSD%) in all detection processes was lower than 9 %. Finally, the performance of fabricated non-enzymatic sensor (GS/NFG/PANI/Fe3O4@MIL-101-NH2) in human fluids real samples including serum and plasma was acceptable which significantly indicates that it is toward monitoring of glucose in clinical applications.

Facile synthesize surfactants and binder-free nanoflake Co(OH)2 on CuCo2S4 nanowire for highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose sensor

The cross-linked Co(OH)2/CuCo2S4/Ni composite material has been successfully prepared by a simple method. CuCo2S4 nanoneedles are grown on NF by hydrothermal method, and then Co(OH)2 nanolayer was constructed by constant potential deposition. This nanostructure provides a good conductive network for effective charge transfer, which can detect direct and non-enzymatic reactions of glucose oxidation at low potential. In this paper, the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the prepared Co(OH)2/CuCo2S4 composites were characterized and tested. In the electrochemical sensing process, Co(OH)2/CuCo2S4 nanomaterials show high sensitivity, low detection limit, excellent selectivity, and linear response, reaching wide linear range of 1 μM-6.957 mM, high sensitivity of 2714.7 μA mM−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 0.26 μM. In addition, the sensor shows fast response time (within 2.5s), excellent selectivity and stability. CuCo2S4 nanowire array increases active surface area for the catalytic reaction and act as a stable conductive scaffold of Co(OH)2 to promote electron transfer. This low-cost and straightforward detection method offers a new strategy for non-enzymatic glucose detection.

Nanostructured copper selenide as an ultrasensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose sensor

CuSe nanostructures exhibit high-efficiency for glucose detection with high sensitivity (19.419 mA mM−1 cm−2) and selectivity at low applied potential (0.15 V vs. Ag|AgCl), low detection limit (0.196 μM) and linear detection range (100 nM to 40 μM).

Non-enzymatic sensor based on nitrogen-doped graphene modified with Pd nano-particles and NiAl layered double hydroxide for glucose determination in blood

Herein, a novel highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose sensor was developed. This sensor was prepared with a one-step electrodeposition process, which means that the palladium nanoparticles and NiAl layered double hydroxide were electrosynthesized simultaneously (Pd-NiAl-LDH) on a graphite sheet electrode (GS) covered by nitrogen-doped functionalized graphene (NFG). The sensing performance was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry (CA) techniques. The results revealed that the one-step electrodeposition of Pd-NiAl-LDH nanocomposite on NFG provided a large surface area containing Ni and Pd electroactive centers and enhanced the electron transfer. This resulted in a remarkable effect on signal amplification toward glucose oxidation, with a wide linear range from 500 nM to 10 mM, an acceptable sensitivity of 315.46 μA. cm−2. dec−1 and a low detection limit of 234 nM based on a signal to noise ratio of 3. The relative standard deviation (RSD%) in all detection tests was lower than 5% and also the performance of fabricated GS/NFG/Pd-NiAl-LDH electrode which investigated in human real samples including serum, plasma and blood was acceptable, indicating the ability of the fabricated sensor in biological and clinical applications.

Three-dimensional porous Ni, N-codoped C networks for highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose sensing

Carbon materials have received intensive attention due to their unique property in the field of electrochemical analysis. As transition metallic heteroatom and nitrogen-codoped carbon (M-N-C) materials commonly exhibit enhanced electrochemical activity for the tuned electronic structure, therefore, fabricating a novel structure of M-N-C material for electrochemical analysis is highly pursued. Herein, an in-situ self-growth NaCl-templated strategy is proposed to fabricate three-dimensional porous Ni, N-codoped carbon material (3D Ni-N-C). The as-obtained 3D Ni-N-C demonstrates superior electrochemical performance toward glucose oxidation and sensing, and a highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose sensor is subsequently developed for human serums with a wide linear range of 0.001–1.20 mM, low detection limit of 0.15 μM, and high sensitivity of 1181.0 μA mM−1 cm-2. It is believed that the unique structural properties of 3D Ni-N-C (abundant N-doped and Ni-N coordinated active sites, large surface area, open micro-porous structure) are conducive to the formation and exposure of highly catalytic centers and improvement of electron-transfer rate.

Amorphous Ni–Co–Fe hydroxide nanospheres for the highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose sensor applications

Among the numerous non-enzymatic sensors, transition metal or mixed-metal compounds have received considerable attention as promising electrode materials for glucose electrochemical sensors with low-cost and abundance in earth. Most researches on binary and ternary mixed metal compounds have so for been focused on the crystalline rather than the amorphous phase. In this contribution, amorphous Ni–Co–Fe hydroxide nanospheres with a homogeneous distribution of metals are fabricated directly on a graphite substrate by a novel electrochemical deposition method. The as-synthesized amorphous Ni–Co–Fe hydroxide nanosphere as an active sensing material for non-enzymatic glucose sensor exhibits a superior bio-sensing performance toward glucose oxidation with high sensitivity (1860 μA·mM−1cm−2), wide linear range (0.00025–1 mM and 1-5 mM), low detection limit (98 nM), good long-term stability and excellent selectivity in alkaline solutions. This finding greatly promotes the application of amorphous Ni–Co–Fe hydroxide nanostructures as advanced glucose electrochemical sensors materials.

Cuprous Oxide Films with Hollow Cubic Cage Structure for Nonenzymatic Glucose Detection

In this study, CuO films with hollow cubic cages were prepared by a facile two-step procedure consisting of electrodeposition synthesis and subsequent direct calcination. First, Cu2O nanocubes were fabricated on ITO substrate through a simple electrodeposition procedure. Then, Cu2O nanocubes were converted to CuO hollow cubic cages without obvious morphological change through direct calcination. The obtained CuO cubic cages serving as active materials illustrated a favorable performance for nonenzymatic glucose sensing with high sensitivity of [Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]mM[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] at a low applied potential of 0.50[Formula: see text]V, fast-response time (less than 3[Formula: see text]s), low detection limit of 1.0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M and wide linear range up from 2.0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M to 1.0[Formula: see text]mM ([Formula: see text]). Moreover, the good selectivity of the CuO cubic cages-based nonenzymatic glucose sensor against electroactive compounds such as ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine were also demonstrated. These good features indicate that the as-prepared CuO cubic cages can be used as promising electrode materials, which have a great potential in the development of sensitive and selective nonenzymatic glucose sensors.

A sensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose sensor with hollow Ni-Al-Mn layered triple hydroxide nanocomposites modified Ni foam

Hollow Ni-Al-Mn triple layered hydroxide (HLTH) nanocomposite is used for developing a sensitive nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor. Electrochemical studies of HLTH modified nickel foam (NF) possess a remarkable sensing activity towards glucose oxidation with a wide range of detection from 0.015 mM to 8 mM. The sensors show a superior sensitivity of 2.253 mA mM−1 cm−2 with a low glucose detection limit of 1.49 μM (S/N = 3). The fast response time of electrode is <3 s was mainly attributed to the combined effects of metal ions results in the enhanced electrical conductivity of material originating from abundant electroactive cites and stable structure. The application of sensor in glucose detection from human serum is also confirmed. HLTH possess an excellent selectivity of glucose over ascorbic acid and uric acid. The fabricated sensor confirmed the suitable stability, better reproducibility, and extreme sensitivity. The proposed material can be effectively used to detect glucose level in real time application.

A Sensitive and Selective Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor based on AuNPs/CuO NWs-MoS2 Modified Electrode

In recent years, copper-based nanomaterials have been widely used in the study of glucose sensors because of its high sensitivity. In this work, a sensitive and selective electrochemical enzyme-free glucose sensor was successfully constructed using a composite of copper oxide nanowires (CuO NWs), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and gold nanoparticle (AuNPs). This composite was systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sensor performance and interface property of the Au electrode modified by NF/AuNPs/CuO-MoS2 were measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometric measurements(i-t). Under optimal condition, the proposed sensor shows sensitivity value of 872.71 μA cm−2 mM−1 for glucose, with detection range from 0.5 μM to 5.67 mΜ and detection limit of 0.5 μM. The study also confirms satisfactory selectivity, reproducibility, and stability of the constructed sensor. This NF/AuNPs/CuO NWs-MoS2 sensor performance toward normal human serum spiked with glucose is determined with RSD less than 4.71%, indicating superior potential for the practical quantitative analysis of glucose in serum samples.

An improved sensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose biosensor based on PEG assisted CuO nanocomposites

Determination of glucose is of enormous importance in the fields of biological, environmental and clinical analyses. In recent years, polymer modified metal oxides arrived a great consideration in the detection of glucose. In this study, we have developed a sensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose sensor by using CuO NMO encapsulation with PEG (poly ethyleneglycol) nanocomposites. The loading content of PEG was incorporated with CuO by weight percentage (wt = 2, 4 & 6%). The fabricated CuO/PEG nanocomposites was utilized as a glucose sensor, it exhibit the tremendous electrocatalytic performances on oxidation of glucose. The electrocatalytic activity enhances with increasing the loading of PEG content. The sensor shows a low detection limit of 0.25 µM with a sensitivity of 113.8 µA mM-1 cm-2, good selectivity and stability. The CuO/PEG nanocomposites are hopeful for the advancement of cost-effective non-enzymatic glucose biosensors.

Influence of mesoporous defect induced mixed-valent NiO (Ni2+/Ni3+)-TiO2 nanocomposite for non-enzymatic glucose biosensors

An extraordinary sensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose sensor has been demonstrated based on the electrochemically highly stable NiO-TiO2 mixed oxide comprising the defect induced mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles with Ni2+ and Ni3+ ions scattered on the surface. The defects on TiO2 nanoparticles have been successfully introduced using NiO to investigate the interfacial properties between NiO and TiO2. This defect induced interfacial behavior was characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses. The obtained mixed oxide NiO-TiO2 nanocomposite dispersion was drop casted on glassy carbon electrode to form a NiO-TiO2/GCE modified electrode for non-enzymatic glucose sensor. The defects along with high surface area of mixed oxide enabled excellent electrocatalytic activity for glucose oxidation with sensitivity of 24.85 μA mM−1 cm−2 and detection limit of 0.7 μM (S/N = 3). The Ni ions scattered on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles, enabling effective charge transfer process, circumventing the agglomeration during prolonged detection, and resulting the unprecedented long-term stability and sensitivity. Thus, this defect induced mesoporous metal oxide nanocomposite is an outstanding candidate for application as redox active material in electrochemical biosensors.

Ultrasensitive and selective non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on hybrid material of graphene nanosheets/graphene nanoribbons/nickel nanoparticle

A fast, highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on graphene sheet/graphene nanoribbon/nickel nanoparticles (GS/GNR/Ni) hybrid material modified electrode was fabricated. The hybrid material was synthesized via facile in-situ chemical reduction and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The GS/GNR/Ni/GCE showed high electrochemical activity towards the oxidation of glucose in a 0.1M NaOH solution. At an applied potential of +0.5V, it displayed wide linear amperometric response towards glucose from the range of 5nM–5mM, with a detection limit of 2.5nM and sensitivity of 2.3mA/mMcm2. Moreover, the modified electrode was relatively insensitive to commonly interfering species such as dopamine, ascorbic acid, sucrose, uric acid and Cl− ions. The fabricated sensor with better reproducibility, good long term stability, makes it a promising electrode for the development of effective glucose sensor.

A selective glucose sensor based on direct oxidation on a bimetal catalyst with a molecular imprinted polymer

A selective nonenzymatic glucose sensor was developed based on the direct oxidation of glucose on hierarchical CuCo bimetal-coated with a glucose-imprinted polymer (GIP). Glucose was introduced into the GIP composed of Nafion and polyurethane along with aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA), which was formed on the bimetal electrode formed on a screen-printed electrode. The extraction of glucose from the GIP allowed for the selective permeation of glucose into the bimetal electrode surface for oxidation. The GIP-coated bimetal sensor probe was characterized using electrochemical and surface analytical methods. The GIP layer coated on the NaOH pre-treated bimetal electrode exhibited a dynamic range between 1.0µM and 25.0mM with a detection limit of 0.65±0.10µM in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). The anodic responses of uric acid, acetaminophen, dopamine, ascorbic acid, L-cysteine, and other saccharides (monosaccharides: galactose, mannose, fructose, and xylose; disaccharides: sucrose, lactose, and maltose) were not detected using the GIP-coated bimetal sensor. The reliability of the sensor was evaluated by the determination of glucose in artificial and whole blood samples.

A novel ball-in-ball hollow NiCo2S4sphere based sensitive and selective nonenzymatic glucose sensor

A nonenzymatic amperometric glucose sensor based on ball-in-ball hollow NiCo2S4spheres.

Ni-Co bimetal nanowires filled multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose sensor applications.

The facile, time and cost efficient and environmental benign approach has been developed for the preparation of Nickel (Ni)-Cobalt (Co) alloy nanowires filled multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with the aid of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN)/Ni-Co catalyst. The controlled incorporation of Ni-Co nanostructures in the three dimensional (3D) pore structures of MSN yielded the catalytically active system for the MWCNT growth. The inner surface of MWCNTs was quasi-continuously filled with face-centered cubic (fcc) structured Ni-Co nanowires. The as-prepared nanostructures were exploited as non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor probes for the reliable detection of glucose. The electrochemical measurements illustrated that the fabricated sensor exhibited an excellent electrochemical performance toward glucose oxidation with a high sensitivity of 0.695 mA mM−1 cm−2, low detection limit of 1.2 μM, a wide linear range from 5 μM–10 mM and good selectivity. The unprecedented electrochemical performances obtained for the prepared nanocomposite are purely attributed to the synergistic effects of Ni-Co nanowires and MWCNTs. The constructed facile, selective and sensitive glucose sensor has also endowed its reliability in analyzing the human serum samples, which wide opened the new findings for exploring the novel nanostructures based glucose sensor devices with affordable cost and good stability.

Non-enzymatic detection of glucose using poly(azure A)-nickel modified glassy carbon electrode

A simple, sensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose sensor was constructed in this paper. The poly(azure A)-nickel modified glassy carbon electrode was successfully fabricated by the electropolymerization of azure A and the adsorption of Ni2+. The Ni modified electrode, which was characterized by scanning electron microscope, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, respectively, displayed well-defined current responses of the Ni(III)/Ni(II) couple and showed a good activity for electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose in alkaline medium. Under the optimized conditions, the developed sensor exhibited a broad linear calibration range of 5 μM–12mM for quantification of glucose and a low detection limit of 0.64μM (3σ). The excellent analytical performance including simple structure, fast response time, good anti-interference ability, satisfying stability and reliable reproducibility were also found from the proposed amperometric sensor. The results were satisfactory for the determination of glucose in human serum samples as comparison to those from a local hospital.

Electrochemistry of glucose at gold nanoparticles modified graphite/SrPdO3 electrode – Towards a novel non-enzymatic glucose sensor

An enzyme-free voltammetric glucose sensor based on gold nanoparticles modified graphite/SrPdO3 electrode is presented. The proposed glucose sensor showed prominent electrocatalytic activity toward the glucose oxidation in 0.1molL−1 NaOH. An effective synergism was achieved between the SrPdO3 perovskite and the gold nanoparticles film resulting in higher current response for glucose than the sum of the individual current values for SrPdO3 and gold nanoparticles. The nanocomposite provided plenty of active sites for the direct oxidation of glucose resulting in excellent performance in terms of highly reproducible response, high sensitivity, wide linearity and applicability in real urine samples and blood serum. The non-enzymatic glucose sensor exhibited good linear range in the concentration range from 100μmolL−1 to 6mmolL−1 with a detection limit of 10.1μmolL−1. Moreover, the interferences of ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine, paracetamol and chloride can be avoided at the proposed sensor presenting a highly selective non-enzymatic glucose sensor. In addition, the proposed sensor offered unique long term stability due to the intrinsic effects of the proposed nanocomposite.

Design and development of Co3O4/NiO composite nanofibers for the application of highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose sensors

Cobaltosic oxide/nickel oxide (Co3O4/NiO) composite nanofibers were synthesizedviaan electrospinning technique and their electrocatalytic activities toward non-enzymatic glucose sensors were evaluated in detail.

Binder free and free-standing electrospun membrane architecture for sensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose sensors

Novel free standing and binder free non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors were fabricated usingin situgrown copper (Cu) nanoparticles on polyvinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP) nanofibers.

A non-enzymatic glucose amperometric biosensor based on a simple one-step electrodeposition of Cu microdendrites onto single-walled carbon nanohorn-modified electrode

We report a novel, highly sensitive, and selective non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated by electrodepositing Cu microdendrites onto single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWCNH)-modified glassy carbon electrode. This sensor combined the advantages of SWCNHs and Cu microdendrites and exhibited high electrocatalytic activity toward glucose in 0.2 mol L−1 NaOH alkaline solution. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometric current-time curve were used to investigate the performance of the glucose sensor. We also optimize its preparation and test conditions. At an applied potential of 0.35 V, the oxidation peak current of glucose was good proportional to glucose concentration in the range from 0.04 to 12.6 mmol L−1 with a detection limit of 17 μmol L−1 (S/N = 3). In addition, the sensor showed long-term stability and good reproducibility and can resist the interference of coexistent species efficiently.