Selective Disintegration Research Articles

Simulation of the process of cryogenic freezing of coriander seeds

In the technology for extracting the required components from plant raw materials, in most cases, the grinding process is used as a preparatory operation before the main process, followed by the separation of the extracted material into target components.In most cases, as a result of such a process, we can talk about the effective extraction of only a single target component, while others inevitably lose their qualitative and quantitative indicators, which is due to the morphology of the plant raw material.One of the promising directions in the processes of destruction of plant material for further operations is selective disintegration. For this purpose optimal process conditions have been selected, such as heating, freezing and others. Raw materials obtained as a result of selective destruction can be effectively fractionated according to morphological and physicochemical characteristics, and only after that can be sent to subsequent operations with the greatest efficiency.Under modern conditions, the loss of essential oil in coriander associated with splitting the fruit reaches 23.4% of the oil weight in whole fruits. At the same time, the essential oil from split fruits is enriched with valuable components – linalool, geraniol, geranyl acetate and, in addition, contains less hydrocarbons and camphor. As shown in [1], oil from split fruits can be used to adjust the composition of batches of coriander essential oil in order to increase the content of linalool while simultaneously reducing the content of undesirable components – hydrocarbons and camphor, and can also be used primarily to isolate valuable components – linalool, geraniol. To reduce losses associated with splitting coriander fruits, it has been proposed to carry out mathematical modeling of the process of cryogenic freezing with subsequent grinding of the frozen mass, which will significantly reduce losses of essential oil. Considering that essential oils extracted from coriander show high antibacterial, antioxidant and antifungal activity [2], increasing the yield of high-quality coriander essential oil will allow its wider use in flavoring and food preservation, as well as for medicinal purposes, which is important and actual task.

The Interplay between Enucleated Sieve Elements and Companion Cells.

In order to adapt to sessile life and terrestrial environments, vascular plants have developed highly sophisticated cells to transport photosynthetic products and developmental signals. Of these, two distinct cell types (i.e., the sieve element (SE) and companion cell) are arranged in precise positions, thus ensuring effective transport. During SE differentiation, most of the cellular components are heavily modified or even eliminated. This peculiar differentiation implies the selective disintegration of the nucleus (i.e., enucleation) and the loss of cellular translational capacity. However, some cellular components necessary for transport (e.g., plasmalemma) are retained and specific phloem proteins (P-proteins) appear. Likewise, MYB (i.e., APL) and NAC (i.e., NAC45 and NAC86) transcription factors (TFs) and OCTOPUS proteins play a notable role in SE differentiation. The maturing SEs become heavily dependent on neighboring non-conducting companion cells, to which they are connected by plasmodesmata through which only 20-70 kDa compounds seem to be able to pass. The study of sieve tube proteins still has many gaps. However, the development of a protocol to isolate proteins that are free from any contaminating proteins has constituted an important advance. This review considers the very detailed current state of knowledge of both bound and soluble sap proteins, as well as the role played by the companion cells in their presence. Phloem proteins travel long distances by combining two modes: non-selective transport via bulk flow and selective regulated movement. One of the goals of this study is to discover how the protein content of the sieve tube is controlled. The majority of questions and approaches about the heterogeneity of phloem sap will be clarified once the morphology and physiology of the plasmodesmata have been investigated in depth. Finally, the retention of specific proteins inside an SE is an aspect that should not be forgotten.

Autonomic Integration in Nested Protocell Communities.

The self-driven organization of model protocells into higher-order nested cytomimetic systems with coordinated structural and functional relationships offers a step toward the autonomic implementation of artificial multicellularity. Here, we describe an endosymbiotic-like pathway in which proteinosomes are captured within membranized alginate/silk fibroin coacervate vesicles by guest-mediated reconfiguration of the host protocells. We demonstrate that interchange of coacervate vesicle and droplet morphologies through proteinosome-mediated urease/glucose oxidase activity produces discrete nested communities capable of integrated catalytic activity and selective disintegration. The self-driving capacity is modulated by an internalized fuel-driven process using starch hydrolases sequestered within the host coacervate phase, and structural stabilization of the integrated protocell populations can be achieved by on-site enzyme-mediated matrix reinforcement involving dipeptide supramolecular assembly or tyramine-alginate covalent cross-linking. Our work highlights a semi-autonomous mechanism for constructing symbiotic cell-like nested communities and provides opportunities for the development of reconfigurable cytomimetic materials with structural, functional, and organizational complexity.

Morphometric parameters of sulphide ores as a basis for selective ore dressing

To assess the possibility of selective disintegration and reduction of overgrinding of hard-to-reproduce ores, optical microscopic and X-ray microtomographic studies were carried out and quantitative characteristics of morphological parameters of disseminated and rich cuprous ore samples from Norilsk-type Oktyabrsky deposit were identified. Among quantitative morphological parameters the most informative are area, perimeter, edge roughness, sphericity, elongation and average grain spacing for disseminated copper-nickel ores; area, perimeter, edge roughness and elongation for rich cuprous ores. The studied parameters are characterized by increased values and dispersion in ore zones, which is especially important for fine-grained ores, which are difficult to diagnose by optical methods. Three-dimensional modelling of the internal structure of sulphide mineralisation samples was carried out using computed X-ray microtomography, which allows observation of quantitative parameters of grains, aggregates and their distribution in the total rock volume and interrelationship with each other. The evaluation of rock pore space by computer microtomography made it possible to compare the results obtained with the strength characteristics of rocks and ores, including those on different types of crushers. The obtained quantitative characteristics of structural-textural parameters and analysis of grain size distribution of ore minerals allow us to evaluate the possibility of applying selective crushing at various stages of ore preparation

Mineralogical and technological features and patterns of selective disintegration of ferruginous quartzites of the Mikhailovskoye deposit

The growing demand for ferrous metallurgy products necessitates the introduction of technologies that increase the efficiency of the processing of iron-bearing raw materials. A promising trend in this area is the implementation of solutions based on the possibility of selective disintegration of ores. The purpose of this work was to establish the laws of selective disintegration of ferruginous quartzites based on the results of the study of mineralogical and technological properties of raw materials. We present data on the study of mineralogical and technological features of ferruginous quartzites of the Mikhailovskoye deposit. The data were obtained using X-ray fluorescence analysis and automated mineralogical analysis. Based on studies of the nature of dissemination and the size of grains of rock-forming and ore minerals, the tasks of ore preparation are formulated. The parameters for the iron and silicon oxide distribution by grain-size classes in the grinding products were established during the study. Based on empirical dependences, the grain size of grinding was predicted, at which the most effective release of intergrowths of ore minerals and their minimum transition to the size class of –44 µm should be achieved.

Selective Disintegration–Milling to Obtain Metal-Rich Particle Fractions from E-Waste

Various metals and semiconductors containing printed circuit boards (PCBs) are abundant in any electronic device equipped with controlling and computing features. These devices inevitably constitute e-waste after the end of service life. The typical construction of PCBs includes mechanically and chemically resistive materials, which significantly reduce the reaction rate or even avoid accessing chemical reagents (dissolvents) to target metals. Additionally, the presence of relatively reactive polymers and compounds from PCBs requires high energy consumption and reactive supply due to the formation of undesirable and sometimes environmentally hazardous reaction products. Preliminarily milling PCBs into powder is a promising method for increasing the reaction rate and avoiding liquid and gaseous emissions. Unfortunately, current state-of-the-art milling methods also lead to the presence of significantly more reactive polymers still adhered to milled target metal particles. This paper aims to find a novel and double-step disintegration–milling approach that can provide the formation of metal-rich particle size fractions. The morphology, particle fraction sizes, bulk density, and metal content in produced particles were measured and compared. Research results show the highest bulk density (up to 6.8 g·cm−3) and total metal content (up to 95.2 wt.%) in finest sieved fractions after the one-step milling of PCBs. Therefore, about half of the tested metallic element concentrations are higher in the one-step milled specimen and with lower adhered plastics concentrations than in double-step milled samples.

Choosing special methods of selective disintegration and schemes for complex refractory ore

Introduction. The article highlights a new procedure of choosing special methods of disintegration and schemes for complex refractory ore and develops an integrated approach and criteria to comparing different types of crushers and screens, namely, reduction ratio, grinding degree, slime formation degree, and a new selectivity criterion. Research aims to study a new method and derive an equation to determine the crushing in the layer force and a new selectivity criterion. Research methods. The new methods were tested by comparing Otboynoye deposit tantalum ore, Vishnevogorsky deposit niobium ore, and Zashihinsky deposit tantalum-niobium ore crushing in cone inertial and centrifugal impact crushers and a roller press. The process of crushing in machines was studied in the laboratory and semi-industrial conditions. Different operation modes of crushers and screens were also checked. Object of research is tantalum and niobium ore of different deposits. Research results. The crushing selectivity criterion and reduction ratio comparison demonstrated that centrifugal impact crusher and roller press indexes are lower than the cone inertial crusher (KID) indexes. The reduction ratio for different crushing machines is 10.1 for the centrifugal impact crusher, 10.8 for the roller press, and 14.2 for the cone inertial crusher. The selectivity criterion for the crushing machines is 0.632 units for the centrifugal impact crusher, 0.730 units for the roller press, and 0.848 units for the KID. The KID-300А crusher performed the best for Otboynoye deposit tantalum ore and Vishnevogorsky deposit niobium ore. The KID-300А crusher also has the best slime formation degree criterion. The new method has been tested and approved. Summary. The paper analyses different methods and criteria of selective crushing. A new crushing selectivity criterion was proposed based on optical and electron microscopy data. It describes the ratio of liberation in the crushed product and feed.

Fully bio-based cellulose nanofiber/epoxy composites with both sustainable production and selective matrix deconstruction towards infinite fiber recycling systems

Design of nanocellulose-based composite materials suitable for selective disintegration, recovery and recycling of individual components is of great scientific and technical interest.

Strength analysis of gold-bearing ore of the Bam deposit

Due to the depletion of readily processible mineral reserves and to compensate for the growing shortage of high-quality minerals, the development strategy of the Russian mining industry has justified involvement of complex and unconventional deposits in operation. A distinctive feature of such raw materials is a complex mineralogical and geochemical composition, submicroscopic size grains, extremely heterogeneous textures and a variety of genetic processes of ore formation. All these raise costs and complicate flowcharts of both ore pretreatment and beneficiation already at the stage of design of a concentration plant. In order to optimize ore dressing cycles, it is proposed to use selective disintegration processes. This article presents the studies into applicability of selective mineral disintegration on the basis of in-depth analysis and identification of the relationships and mutual influence of mineralogical and geochemical features, textural and structural and technological properties of ores of the Bam deposit. The structural and textural peculiarities were studied by the methods of computer X-ray microtomography. The pore space analysis of ore samples reveals low porosity (0.35948 %), which implies the high strength of the rock. The microhardness tests at grain interfaces and in the monomineralization zones show that, depending on the point of measurement, it varies from 1256.31 N/mm2 (in quartz zone) to 354.894 N/mm2 (at interfaces). The destruction tests of Bam ore using different-type crushers find out that rock-forming minerals are concentrated in large classes; this is especially typical of impact crushers: up to 81.85% of siliceous minerals concentrate in the class –4+2 mm.The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Grant No 20-55-12002 NNIO_a.

Selective Disintegration Justification Based on the Mineralogical and Technological Features of the Polymetallic Ores

Deterioration of mineralogical and physical characteristics of mineral raw materials results in the formation of the primary task for the comminution processes—reduction in the size of ore to obtain a material with a certain granulometric composition, which in turn is achieved by overgrinding of raw materials and, consequently, an increase in energy costs. The work aimed to justify the possibility of selective disintegration of mineral assemblages of polymetallic ores of various genesis at the stage of crushing based on in-depth investigation and revealing of interrelation and mutual influence of mineralogical-geochemical features, textural-structural and technological properties. Structural and textural features have been studied by the methods of computed X-ray microtomography. Experimental and theoretical investigations of mineralogical and technological parameters of raw materials, as well as research on crushing using different types of crushers, made it possible to substantiate the possibility of selective disintegration for polymetallic ores.

ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ ГЛУБОКОЙ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ БЕЗОПАСНОЙ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ТЕХНОГЕННОГО СЫРЬЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ НОВЫХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ВЫЗОВОВ

Innovative processes of deep and complex processing of technogenic raw materials in the context of sustainable development of the mining industry and the economic challenges facing the mining industry should ensure the transition to a circular economy and the maximum use of natural resources. The article reflects the priority scientific and technological research on the involvement of technogenic mineral resources in efficient processing. Presented, developed at ICEMR RAS, including jointly with universities, research and production organizations and enterprises, modern innovative processes of deep and environmentally friendly processing of refractory mineral raw materials of complex material composition (tailings of enrichment of non-ferrous and noble metal ores, poor off-balance ores, slags ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, sludge of metallurgical production) and hydro-mineral technogenic resources (acidic mineralized bottom-dump waters of mining enterprises of the copper-zinc complex of the Urals, saponite-containing circulating waters of diamond processing factories). Among other things, new directions in the field of selective disintegration of finely dispersed mineral raw materials based on energy effects and deep processing of slags are outlined; increasing the selectivity of enrichment processes; combined processing of technogenic raw materials; resource-saving processing of technogenic and hydro-mineral resources, obtaining secondary products from processing waste. It is shown that in the face of new economic challenges, Russia has sufficient scientific and technological potential in the field of deep and environmentally safe processing of technogenic raw materials in the form of developed and, to varying degrees, tested innovative resource-saving technologies that correspond to the world level, and in a number of technologies are superior to it.

Outcome of selective dis-integration on supply chain efficiency and organisation performance

Supply chain has become the spine of commerce. Business today consistently demanding coordinated and integrated way to manage the supply and demand flow. Marketplace has evolved into a dynamic, customer centric smarter and agile ways of working. This has prompted to relook at the information technology (IT) linked integration. IT and systems integration are facilitating supply chain management (SCM) for improved supply chain efficiency (SCE). This study examined the direct relationship between SCI and SCE and SCI and organisation performance (PER) and the relationship between SCE and PER by classifying different variables associated and drawing an analytical model. Furthermore, to fit into the demand driven economy, this study introduces a new attribute named selective dis-integration (DIS) and examined its' impact on SCE and PER. Data sample for this study are collected through mixed survey and model is tested using non-parametric partial least square regression.

Process analysis of selective disintegration of Zapolyarny copper-nickel ore

Process analysis of selective disintegration of Zapolyarny copper-nickel ore

Electrohydraulic technology of mineral disclosure

The technology of mineral disclosure, based on the electrohydraulic effect, allows splitting the host rock along inhomogeneities, i.e. along the boundaries of inclusions of particles of useful minerals, leaving the degree of grinding within the limits of economic feasibility. The aim of the study was the experimental development of electro-hydraulic technology for energy-saving selective disintegration of finely disseminated ores of complex mineral raw materials. Research was conducted using a specially designed laboratory setup. As objects of research, previously crushed samples of various ores were used. The subject of the study was the process of the discovery of minerals from the action of factors of the electrohydraulic effect. Approaches to the calculated determination of electrical parameters that provide a high degree of mineral disclosure are described. As a result of a series of experiments on the discovery of minerals, the high efficiency of the proposed technology was confirmed.

INCREASING THE SELECTIVITY OF USEFUL MINERAL DISCLOSURE WHEN PROCESSING DIFFICULT POLYMINERAL RAW MATERIALS WITH PRELIMINARY WEAKENING

Previous studies at a number of research centers in our country, including the Institute of Mining, SB RAS and the Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, showed the possibility of improving process parameters of flotation concentration of difficult mineral raw materials due to preliminary electron-beam processing, which allows weakening minerals and rocks. Obtaining the data on selective disintegration and disclosure of minerals during ore pretreatment is important for technological application. This study aims at receiving the experimental data confirming an increase in the selectivity of disintegration of mineral raw materials processed by a high-energy electron beam and an improvement in the disclosure of intergrowths of useful minerals. Complex experimental mineralogical and technological studies by the example of rebellious lead-zinc ore with a grain size of -3 mm provided the data on increasing the selectivity of disintegration of mineral raw materials and improving the disclosure of useful minerals. It is found that if in -0.071 mm size class of ground lead-zinc ore without processing, the fraction of free galena and wurtzite grains (sphalerite modification) is 40.7 and 65.7%, then the fraction of free grains of these minerals increases up to 66, 4 and 71.5% in ore pretreatment. It should be noted that ore processing by accelerated electrons allows obtaining the ground material, in which free mineral grains are less overground. For galena, the size of free grains increases from 2.6 to 4.0 μm, and for wurtzite - from 4.5 to 6.6 μm. Scientific novelty includes increasing the selectivity of disintegration and improving the disclosure of useful minerals through the effect of weakening of mineral raw materials in ore pretreatment.

Mineralogical and morphometric aspects of the rock analysis as the basis for choosing a scheme for ore preparation

The complexity of deep processing of fine-grained and refractory mineral raw materials is determined by the difficulty of disclosing aggregates of ore components during disintegration and extracting them into commercial products of standard quality. The main task of the disintegration of such ores is to destroy the object along the phase boundaries without overgrinding while minimizing energy costs. To implement selective disintegration, a precise study of the properties of the mineral components of the ore is necessary. However, there are no systematic data on the effect and relationship of the mineralogical-technological, structural-textural and physical-technical properties of minerals, rocks and ores with the processes of selective disintegration. The article presents the results of computer microtomographic and optical-microscopic studies of the structural and textural characteristics of typical sulfide copper-nickel ores using a SkyScan-1173 microtomograph from Bruker (Belgium), as well as a specialized, accredited as a measuring tool, Thixomet Pro software (Russia). The studies made it possible to identify automatically 19 morphometric parameters of ore grains in three mutually perpendicular sections, the most informative of which were the grain size of individual ore minerals, their perimeter, distance between grains and grain shape (sphericity, edge roughness, and others). The obtained quantitative characteristics of the structural and textural parameters, the analysis of the granulometric composition of the grains of ore minerals make it possible to assess the possibility of using selective grinding at various stages of ore preparation.

Electrostatic self-assembled Iridium(III) nano-photosensitizer for selectively disintegrated and mitochondria targeted photodynamic therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of effective cancer therapy methods. It is important to develop a PDT reagent with tumor-targeted ability, high phototoxicity and low dark toxicity. In this study, an iridium(III) complex (Irpy) can electrostatically self-assemble with hyaluronic acid (HA) to form nanostructured Irpy-HA, which exhibited stable spheroid structure and outstanding ability of singlet oxygen (1O2) generation. The photophysical property of Irpy has been well studied, which qualified green light absorption ability and could emit red phosphorescence. The nanostructure and stability of self-assembled Irpy-HA have been well investigated, which can keep its nanostructure at least 30 days. More importantly, Irpy-HA can target to a CD44 receptor in cancer cell membrane for enhancing internalization and selective disintegration. Then, Irpy can accumulate in mitochondria and generate 1O2 to realize PDT-induced cell apoptosis by green light irradiation. The Irpy-HA could be used as a nanophotosensitizer for effective photodynamic therapy.

Prospects for the use of selective disintegration as a preparation of plant raw materials for extraction

Prospects for the use of selective disintegration as a preparation of plant raw materials for extraction

Outcome of Selective Dis-integration on Supply Chain Efficiency and Organisation Performance

Supply chain has become the spine of commerce. Business today consistently demanding coordinated and integrated way to manage the supply and demand flow. Marketplace has evolved into a dynamic, customer centric smarter and agile ways of working. This has prompted to relook at the information technology (IT) linked integration. IT and systems integration are facilitating supply chain management (SCM) for improved supply chain efficiency (SCE). This study examined the direct relationship between SCI and SCE and SCI and organisation performance (PER) and the relationship between SCE and PER by classifying different variables associated and drawing an analytical model. Furthermore, to fit into the demand driven economy, this study introduces a new attribute named selective dis-integration (DIS) and examined its' impact on SCE and PER. Data sample for this study are collected through mixed survey and model is tested using non-parametric partial least square regression.

Parameters of selective martite ores disintegration in structured ore bodies deposits by borehole hydraulic monitors

The work is aimed at determining parameters of advance borehole stoping by hydraulic monitors leading to rational use of reserves structured according to ore types at deposits by means of advance stoping with selective disintegration of high-grade martite ores. The research methods include experimental investigations of parameters of breaking a high-grade martite ore massif by high-pressure water jets of borehole monitors; laboratory studies of technological properties of hydrodisintegrated products and their concentratibility; theoretical generalization of experimental data. The research has resulted in developing experimental borehole hydraulic monitors and determining basic technical parameters of high-pressure water jets; determining regularities of hydraulic monitor disintegration of high-grade martite ores considering structural and mineralogical characteristics of the ores and hydrodisintegration modes; proving the fact that the process of high-grade martite ore disintegration by monitors is also the process of ore disintegration to the level of ore mineral grain release providing the higher quality disintegration product after subsequent dewatering than that of the initial one. The scientific novelty of the research consists in determining a criterion of hydrodisintegration of martites, conditions of forming a required fractional composition of monitor disintegration products through controlling stability of a pulse of the water jet action on the stope face. The practical relevance of the monitor breaking process in conditions of mining units at deep levels of Kryvbas underground mines consists in providing advanced stoping of rich martite ores through raises and obtaining a new kind of product – martite superconcentrate.