Abstract
Design of nanocellulose-based composite materials suitable for selective disintegration, recovery and recycling of individual components is of great scientific and technical interest.
Highlights
In order to meet global climate targets, a circular bioeconomy can contribute towards more efficient use of biomass.[1]
In this work we develop Cellulose nanofiber/ epoxy (CNF/EP) composites designed for selective disintegration
We have shown that epoxies can be prepared directly from “technical lignin”,39 vanillin from lignin is preferable because of “designed degradability” investigated here, and because of more homogeneous network structure of the nal epoxy thermoset
Summary
In order to meet global climate targets, a circular bioeconomy can contribute towards more efficient use of biomass.[1]. We investigate fully disintegrable CNF/epoxy composites via curing of diepoxide 1 with succinic anhydride, succinic acid, or citric acid, introducing labile acetals and ester linkages in the thermoset. Acetal moieties makes it possible to separate the partially depolymerized thermoset from the CNF reinforcement under relatively mild conditions, so that the CNF reinforcement structure is preserved. A complete depolymerization of the thermoset into monomeric products is performed with high selectivity at higher temperatures and longer reaction times This processing concept is scalable and the starting material components (vanillin,[36] succinic anhydride and acid,[37] citric acid38) and solvents are from biomass and available on industrial or pilot-scale. We have shown that epoxies can be prepared directly from “technical lignin”,39 vanillin from lignin is preferable because of “designed degradability” investigated here, and because of more homogeneous network structure of the nal epoxy thermoset
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