Selective Detection Of Picric Acid Research Articles

Two new luminescent Cd(II)/Zn(II) metal–organic frameworks for exceptionally selective detection of picric acid explosives

Two new coordination polymers, {[Cd(BIDPT)(oba)]·0.5H2O}n (1) and {[Zn(BIDPT)(4,4′-sdb)]·2.25H2O}n (2) (BIDPT=4,4′-bis(imidazol-l-yl)diphenyl thioether, H2oba=4,4′-oxydibenzoic acid, 4,4′-H2sdb=4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoic acid), have been solvothermally synthesized and characterized. Both 1 and 2 show 2-fold interpenetrating 3D frameworks with {65∙8} cds and {66} dia topology, respectively. These two coordination polymers show strong luminescence and their luminescence could be quenched by a series of nitro explosives. Importantly, they exhibit very highly sensitive and selective detection of picric acid compared to other nitro explosives.

Selective detection of picric acid by a fluorescent ionic liquid chemosensor

A fluorescent ionic liquid with a dansylamide chromophore was designed and synthesized, which exhibited strong green fluorescence both in the solution and in the condensed phase. As a fluorescent sensor, this ionic probe showed highly sensitive and selective detection of nitroaromatic explosives, especially for picric acid (PA). Theoretical calculations and NMR studies have demonstrated that a ground-state charge transfer through a protonation process and favorable electrostatic π–π interactions between ionic probe and PA may be responsible to the fluorescence quenching mechanism. Moreover, the resonance energy transfer (RET) studies explained the higher sensitivity and selectivity of this ionic probe towards PA than other nitro-containing explosives. A fluorescent test paper was also prepared for the on-site and accurate detection of PA, which provided a new clue of thoughts for instant and highly selective detection of nitroaromatic explosives.

Charge-Transfer-Induced Fluorescence Quenching of Anthracene Derivatives and Selective Detection of Picric Acid.

2,6-Divinylpyridine-appended anthracene derivatives flanked by two alkyl chains at the 9,10-position of the core have been designed, synthesized, and characterized by NMR, MALDI-TOF, FTIR, and single-crystal XRD. These anthracene derivatives are able to recognize picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol, PA) selectively down to parts per billion (ppb) level in aqueous as well as nonaqueous medium. Fluorescence emission of these derivatives in solution is significantly quenched by adding trace amounts of PA, even in the presence of other competing analogues, such as 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), 4-nitrophenol (NP), nitrobenzene (NB), benzoic acid (BA), and phenol (PH). The high sensitivity of these derivatives toward PA is considered as a combined effect of the proton-induced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) as well as electron transfer from the electron-rich anthracene to the electron-deficient PA. Moreover, visual detection of PA has been successfully demonstrated in the solid state by using different substrates.

Supersensitive and selective detection of picric acid explosive by fluorescent Ag nanoclusters.

Picric acid (PA) explosive is a hazard to public safety and health, so the sensitive and selective detection of PA is very important. In the present work, polyethyleneimine stabilized Ag nanoclusters were successfully used for the sensitive and selective quantification of PA on the basis of fluorescence quenching. The quenching efficiency of Ag nanoclusters is proportional to the concentration of PA and the logarithm of PA concentration over two different concentration ranges (1.0 nM-1 μM for the former and 0.25-20 μM for the latter), thus the proposed quantitative strategy for PA provides a wide linear range of 1.0 nM-20 μM. The detection limit based on 3σ/K is 0.1 nM. The quenching mechanism of Ag nanoclusters by PA is discussed in detail. The results indicate that the selective detection of PA over other nitroaromatics including 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), p-nitrotoluene (p-NT), m-dinitrobenzene (m-DNB), and nitrobenzene (NB), is due to the electron transfer and energy transfer between PA and polyethyleneimine-capped Ag nanoclusters. In addition, the experimental data obtained for the analysis of artificial samples show that the proposed PA sensor is potentially applicable in the determination of trace PA explosive in real samples.

A thiadiazole-functionalized Zr(iv)-based metal–organic framework as a highly fluorescent probe for the selective detection of picric acid

A new, strongly luminescent Zr(IV)-based metal–organic framework (MOF) material (1) having a UiO-68 (UiO = University of Oslo) framework topology and incorporating the π-conjugated, thiadiazole-functionalized H2BTDB {H2BTDB = 4,4′-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,7-diyl)dibenzoic acid} ligand was synthesized under solvothermal conditions (150 °C, 24 h) using ZrCl4 and the H2BTDB ligand in DMF (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide). The phase-purity of as-synthesized 1 was ascertained by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Based on the thermogravimetric analyses, 1 is thermally stable up to 400 °C. XRPD experiments verify that activated 1′ retains its crystallinity when exposed to water, acetic acid and 1 M HCl solutions. As revealed by the steady-state fluorescence titration experiments, the thermally activated form of the compound (1′) showed a selective sensing behaviour towards 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP, commonly known as picric acid), even in the presence of other potentially competing nitroaromatic explosive compounds. The estimated detection limit of 1′ for sensing TNP in methanol suspension was found to be 1.63 × 10−6 M. The highest fluorescence quenching ability of TNP can be attributed to both energy and electron transfer processes as well as electrostatic interactions between the hydroxyl group of TNP and the Lewis basic N-donor sites of the BTDB ligand. Endowed with its excellent detection efficiency, 1′ is a promising luminescent sensor material for the long-term, practical sensing of TNP.

A multibranched carbazole linked triazine based fluorescent molecule for the selective detection of picric acid

Multibranched carbazole linked triazine centre based molecule (TRZ-Cz) can be used as a fluorescent probe for the detection of picric acid (PA).

Acridine derivative as a “turn on” probe for selective detection of picric acid via PET deterrence

A new acridine based photoinduced electron transfer based fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds is reported. The probe exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of picric acid over trivial explosive in CH3OH.

A microporous lanthanum metal-organic framework as a bi-functional chemosensor for the detection of picric acid and Fe(3+) ions.

A microporous lanthanum metal-organic framework [La(TPT)(DMSO)2]·H2O (La-MOF ()), has been synthesized using a rigid unsymmetrical tricarboxylate ligand of p-terphenyl-3,4'',5-tricarboxylic acid (H3TPT). The structure of is constructed by bi-nuclear lanthanum clusters and fully deprotonated TPT(3-) ligands, which can be simplified into a 3,6-connected flu-3,6-C2/c topology with a point symbol of (4(4)·6)2(4·6(2)·8(7)·10(2)). The π-electron rich ligand H3TPT enables to have blue luminescence when excited at 342 nm at ambient temperature. Meanwhile, exhibits the selective detection of picric acid (PA) and Fe(3+) ions in ethanol solution over other nitroaromatic compounds and metal ions. The high quenching efficiency and selectivity of makes it a potential bi-functional chemosensor for both PA and Fe(3+) ions.

Highly cross-linked fluorescent poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-curcumin) microspheres for the selective detection of picric acid in solution phase

Poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-curcumin) microspheres were facilely prepared by a one-step precipitation copolymerization and exhibited a highly selective fluorescence quenching response toward picric acid due to the unique acid–base interaction.

Electron-rich π-extended phthalocyanine–thiophene–phthalocyanine triad for the sensitive and selective detection of picric acid

An electron-rich phthalocyanine–thiophene–phthalocyanine triad3(Pc-triad3), newly synthesized, can function as a highly selective chemosensor against picric acid (PA).

1,8-Naphthyridine-based fluorescent receptors for picric acid detection in aqueous media

Naphthyridinic fluorescent receptors (1and2) were utilized for the selective detection of picric acid (PA) in aqueous media and are able to detect ∼1 ppm of PAviaa fluorescent ‘turn off’ mode.

PET governed fluorescence “Turn ON” BODIPY probe for selective detection of picric acid

The non-fluorescent meso diaminophenyl 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl BODIPY dye has been investigated and employed for picric acid sensing in a constructive way by regenerating its fluorescence through PET hindrance.

Two luminescent Zn(II) metal-organic frameworks for exceptionally selective detection of picric acid explosives.

Two luminescent Zn(II) metal-organic frameworks were prepared from a π-conjugated thiophene-containing carboxylic acid ligand. These two MOFs show strong luminescene and their luminescence could be quenched by a series of nitroaromatic explosives. Importantly, they exhibit very highly sensitive and selective detection of picric acid compared to other nitroaromatic explosives.

Selectively detecting trace picric acid by reduced perylene bisimide with POSS substituents and their nanoaggregates

Reduced perylene bisimides (PBIs) with two substituents of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) are designed and synthesized for rapid and selective detection of picric acid in THF solution.

PKa Modulation in rhodamine based probes for colorimetric detection of picric acid.

Tuning the pKa in acid sensitive rhodamine spirolactam derivatives as a function of the solvent medium resulted in the selective detection of picric acid from its lower nitro phenolic analogues and a few other carboxylic acids.

Selective detection of picric acid using functionalized reduced graphene oxide sensor device

A reduced graphene oxide sensor device was fabricated through self-assembling graphene oxide onto an interdigitated gold microelectrode followed by electrochemically reducing. After modification with 1-pyrenebutyl-amino-β-cyclodextrin, the sensor exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity to picric acid. The sensor response (ΔI) increases linearly with concentration in the range of 5μM to 215μM. The sensitivity and detection limit of this method were estimated to be 0.00613μAμM−1 and 0.54μM, respectively. The improved performance can be attributed to the unique structure of β-cyclodextrin (hydrophobic internal cavity and hydrophilic external surface), which endows its great tendency to integrate with hydrophobic –NO2 groups of picric acid. Picric acid extracted from real water by ether can be determined effectively with this method, which demonstrates that the present method is sensitive and suitable for the determination of picric acid in drinking water sources.

Pentacenequinone derivatives: aggregation-induced emission enhancement, mechanism and fluorescent aggregates for superamplified detection of nitroaromatic explosives

Fluorescent aggregates of AIEE active pentacenequinone based derivatives have been prepared and utilized for selective detection of picric acid.

Mercury-Modulated Supramolecular Assembly of a Hexaphenylbenzene Derivative for Selective Detection of Picric Acid

Spherical aggregates of hexaphenylbenzene derivative 5 undergo metal-induced modulation to form nanorods in the presence of Hg(2+) ions, which exhibit selective and sensitive response toward picric acid (PA) with a detection limit of 6.87 ppb.

Amine-capped carbon dots as a nanosensor for sensitive and selective detection of picric acid in aqueous solution via electrostatic interaction

In this study, a simple and low toxicity method based on water-soluble amine-capped carbon dots as a nanosensor for sensitive and selective detection of picric acid (PA) in water was developed. We found that PA could remarkably quench the fluorescence signal of the amine-capped carbon dots in water, while other nitroaromatic explosives and common reagents only caused little fluorescence quenching. The detection limit of the amine-capped carbon dots towards PA in aqueous solution was about 1 μM. The results indicate that the strong electrostatic interaction from an anion–cation pair between PA and the carbon dot surface could enhance the fluorescence selective response towards PA in aqueous solution.