Winter Wheat Selection Research Articles

Resistance of winter wheat varieties to root rots causative agents against artificial infection

Goal. The study of the varieties of domestic and foreign selection of winter wheat for resistance to the main pathogens of root rot (Fusarium graminearum and Bipolaris sorokiniana) and the determination of their harmfulness.
 Methods. Laboratory method — for the isolation of pathogens in pure culture, for artificial infection with pathogens of root rot, for the determination of growth parameters of winter wheat; dispersive, statistical and regressive methods for the reliability of the obtained results.
 Results. The agressiveness and the virulence of the main causative agents of winter wheat root rot under artificial seed infection have been established. The assessment of the resistance of winter wheat varieties to Fusarium and Helminthosporium root rot was carried out, the development of the disease in relatively resistant varieties ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 points, the spread was 10.0—45.5%; the development of weak–resistant varieties was 1.0—1.2 points, prevalence of 40.9—50.0%; the developmen tof susceptible varieties was 1.7—2.23 points, spreading — 71.8—94.0%. The harmfulness of Fesarium graminearum and Bipolaris sorokiniana on seedling and root length was studied. In susceptible to Fusarium rot varieties of Novosmuglianka, Poliska 90, Lisova Pisnia, the seedling length was reduced by 5.7—6.9 cm, the root length was reduced by 2.51—3.21 cm compared to relatively resistant Samurai varieties.
 Conclusions. The most common types of root rot in Zhytomyr region are Fusarium and Helminthosporous root rot. No root rot resistant varieties of winter wheat were found among the research varieties, but relatively resistant and weak-resistant varieties were selected. For sowing on agricultural enterprises, relatively resistant to Fusarium graminearum and Bipolaris sorokiniana varieties of Samurai, Kraievyd, Podolianka, Scagen can be recommended. Weak-resistant to Fusariosis can be recommended Bohemia, Podarunok Podillia varieties and weak-resistant to helminth sporiasis can be recommended Poliska 90. In protection of winter wheat crops from harmful organisms, the correct selection of varieties plays a special role, therefore, when developing the integrated protection technology, special attention should be paid to the varieties that show resistance to certain diseases and types of pathogens.

IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR GROWING HIGH-PRODUCT VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT IN SCIENTIFICALLY BASED CROP ROTATIONS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

It has been established that in order to sustainably meet the needs of food grain, the decisive role belongs to the improvement of technologies for growing high-yielding varieties of winter wheat in scientifically based crop rotations, the urgency of whose implementation is caused by climate changes. It was found that in solving the mentioned problem, great importance is attached to the creation of new varieties of winter wheat with high genetic potential of productivity and quality, stable resistance to diseases, pests, adverse environmental factors. An important role in the improvement of such technologies is played by selection, thanks to which the creation of new and improvement of existing varieties of winter wheat takes place. Important trends in the selection of winter wheat are: development of new high-yielding varieties with complex resistance to diseases and pests; increasing the adaptive properties of breeding material to natural and anthropogenic factors; research of the gene pool of plants, selection of donors of economic-valuable traits, establishment of new physiological-biochemical, anatomical-morphological and cytogenetic traits and their connection with better properties; improvement of methods of creating raw material for the selection process. Great importance is attached to the research, development and improvement of systems and methods of stabilizing selection in order to preserve varietal identity, improvement of methods of approbation in the direction of varietal control of crops. An important role is played by the use of scientifically based seed crop rotations with effective saturation, placement and ratio of crops belonging to groups with different biological properties. When placing seed crops of winter wheat, it is necessary to take into account the culture's requirements for fertility, moisture availability, clogging, and mechanical composition of the soil. When drawing up a scheme for alternation of crops in crop rotations, attention is focused on the fact that each crop should ensure high and stable yield and quality of seeds. Because precursors affect the yield and seed quality of winter wheat depending on how much they dry out the soil and use nutrient reserves. The preservation of winter wheat varieties from biological and mechanical clogging is of great importance. In order to preserve the purity of seed crops, it is forbidden to place winter wheat after predecessors, the carrion of which can clog its variety. In addition, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of contamination of seed crops with diseases and pests that are transmitted by wind, water, as well as through soil, seeds, plant residues, etc. It is especially important to take into account the clogging of crops by weeds, the seeds of which are difficult to separate from grain: ryegrass in oat crops, ragweed in pea crops, wild radish in wheat and barley crops. It was determined that in the conditions of climate change, in seed crop rotations, it is necessary to observe varietal agricultural techniques, use optimal rates of organic and mineral fertilizers, siderates, post-harvest sowing, plant protection products, and also apply differentiated tillage.

Ecological selection of winter wheat as a measure of adaptation to climate change

Ecological selection of winter wheat as a measure of adaptation to climate change

Relationship between Freezing Tolerance and Leaf Growth during Acclimation in Winter Wheat

Winter hardiness is influenced by many environmental factors, and freezing tolerance is among the main ones, rendering the phenotypic selection of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under field conditions a difficult task due to the irregular occurrence or absence of winter damage in field trials. Plant growth in response to low temperatures during the acclimation period might be used as an indirect approach to assess freezing tolerance. Thirteen winter wheat cultivars were investigated for autumn and spring growth and winter hardiness under field conditions for two growing seasons. Additionally, a precise and non-destructive technique was applied to study leaf growth at a high temporal resolution accompanied by a freezing tolerance test under laboratory and semi-field conditions. The results of the study revealed variations in thermal growth patterns among the 13 winter wheat cultivars. The cultivars with the lower base temperature (Tb) values, in particular ‘Lakaja DS’ and ‘Sedula DS’, grew slower and, thus, had a lower response to temperature increases (SlpLER-T) than the fast-growing cultivars, such as ‘Simano” and ‘KWS Ferrum’, whose SlpLER-T values were stronger and whose Tb values were higher. A correlation analysis of the investigated traits showed a clear association between leaf growth parameters and freezing tolerance, indicating a certain level of genetic adaptation to growth cessation under low temperatures, and which confirmed that these are important factors for explaining the freezing tolerance of different cultivars. The evaluated freezing tolerance (LT30) showed a strong negative correlation (r = −0.82 ÷ −0.89, p = 0.01) to winter hardiness scores from the field experiment, supporting the essential contribution of growth rate patterns to winter hardiness. The findings provide novel information for the development of winter-hardy wheat cultivars that are adapted to the future environments.

CREATION OF HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE FORMS OF WINTER WHEAT WITH COMPLEX RESISTANCE AGAINST DISEASES AND PESTS ON ARTIFICIAL INFECTIOUS BACKGROUNDS OF THEIR CAUSATIVE AGENTS

Diseases of field crops substantially reduce the yield and quality of the obtained agricultural products. Underselection of gross grain harvest due to diseases and pests can reach about 25-30% annually. This necessitates the creation of resistant varieties for winter wheat selection. The purpose of this study was to create a new highly productive selection material with complex resistance against the main most harmful diseases for further use in the selection of winter wheat. In the phase of emergence of plants in the tube, winter wheat plants were infected with spores of the causative agent of brown rust according to E.E. Heschele’s method. To create an artificial infectious background of brown rust, a synthetic population of the pathogen (Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences) was used as a reservoir of infection – a susceptible variety of Myronivska 10. To create an artificial infectious background of powdery mildew, a local population and an infectious reservoir of the American variety Keprock were used. In the F3 hybrid nursery against the provoking background of powdery mildew, combinations highly resistant to the pathogen (up to 5%) were selected, created with sources of resistance: Zdar, Fakon, Pi170911, Bongo – Svitanok Myronivskyi/Zdar, Kolos Myronivshchyny/Fakon, Berehynia Myronivska/Pi170911, Dostatok/Bongo. Resistance against the pathogen (up to 10.0%) was observed in two crossing combinations (Gorlytsia Myronivska/Gloria and Remeslivna/Wervok). Crossing combinations created with sources of resistance were selected on the artificial infectious background of hybrids of the fourth generation for resistance to brown rust: Flex, V 1275, Tobarzo, 203-238. It is worth noting the hybrids: Oberih Myronivskyi/Flex, Smuhlianka/V 1275, Monotyp/Tobarzo, Kolos Myronivshchyna/203-238. The largest number of grains in an ear was obtained from the combination Svitanok Myronivskyi/Zdar (61.5 pieces), and the largest weight of grain from an ear was obtained from the combinations Horlytsia Myronivska/Gloria and Berehynia Myronivska/Pi170911 (2.38 g and 2.37 g, respectively). The Oberih Myronivskyi/Flex combination stood out for its resistance to brown rust and performance elements. The samples selected based on the results of the study are used as valuable raw material to create new winter wheat varieties resistant to diseases in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine

The nature of the manifestation and efficiency of using the index of linear density of the ear in the selection of winter wheat

The nature of the manifestation and efficiency of using the index of linear density of the ear in the selection of winter wheat

Triticum aestivum L. grain formation depending on the conditions of the year when crossing varieties with 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS translocations

The paper reveals the results of study on the parent components of soft winter wheat selection of the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The fndings demonstrate dependence of grain formation in the frst generation of interspecifc hybrids of soft winter wheat on the environmental factors and on wheatrye translocations 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS in the parental forms. The results of the analysis of variance show that the efciency of crossing and the percentage of grain formation signifcantly in the feld depended on the interaction of factors (47.7 %, p ≤ 0.05), on weather conditions (30.4 %) and the variety genotype (21.5 %) and did not depend signifcantly (0.4 %) on unaccounted factors (coincidence of flowering dates of the components involved in hybridization). In the group of crosses 1BL.1RS / 1BL.1RS, the average percentage of grain formation was the highest for three years (2016– 2018) and did not differ signifcantly – 50.1 %; 55.5 % and 49.8 %. The maximum average indicators for the research years (48.3 %) and under favorable weather conditions of 2017 (68.3 %) were obtained using the crosses of the variety of Svitanok myronivskyi 1BL.1RS as a parent form, and the minimum (37.1 % and 45.2 %, respectively) – using the variety of Kalynova 1BL.1RS. The results of the study show that hybrid combinations of Svitanok myronivskyi / Kalynova (56.1 %), Lehenda myronivska / Kalynova (54.6 %), Zolotokolosa / Svitanok myronivskyi (53.3 %), Lehenda myronivska / Ekspromt (52.4 %), Kolumbia / Zolotokolosa (48.1 %), Svitanok myronivskyi / Lehenda myronivska (47.6%) and Svitanok myronivskyi / Zolotokolosa (46.4 %) were the best in terms of the average percentage of grains formation for the research years. Key words: soft winter wheat, wheat-rye translocations, grain formation, weather conditions, genotype.

Assessment of winter soft and durum wheat varieties for resistance to yellow and dark brown spots

Winter wheat varieties sown in the Rostov region are characterized by varying degrees of resistance to pests. The size and quality of the wheat harvest are threatened not only by weather conditions, but are reduced by various pathogens, among which yellow and dark brown spots have recently played a large role. Therefore, the aim of the research is to search for sources of resistance among varieties and samples of winter wheat to the causative agents of pyrenophora (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) and dark brown spot (Cochliobolus sativus). Resistant varieties serve as an ideal factor inhibiting epiphytotics and improving the ecological environment in general. Disease monitoring was carried out in research and production teams of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Agrarian Research Center “Donskoy”. Laboratory research - in the laboratory of mycology and phytopathology of the All-Russian Institute for Plant Protection. The object of research is 226 varieties and samples of winter soft and durum wheat obtained from the department of selection of winter wheat of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the ANC “Donskoy”. It was established: in laboratory conditions (VIZR), 15 varieties and samples showed high resistance to yellow spot in soft winter wheat of intensive type. In studies on resistance to dark brown spot out of 155 samples of winter soft wheat, no highly resistant ones were found.

Characteristics of the source material resistant to Fusarium head blight and root rot for the selection of winter wheat

Diseases of winter wheat considerably reduce the yield and quality of grain. Losses of the gross grain harvest from them annually amount to 20-30%, and in epiphytotic years – 50%. An effective measure to limit the development of winter wheat diseases is the introduction of varieties that are resistant to their damage. Successful development of breeding work in this area is impossible without the use of a gene pool of stable forms. Among the genetic resources of wheat, there are genotypes described by resistance against several pathogens at the same time, and therefore have special value as sources of group resistance. There is a constant need to identify new sources and donors of resistance against pathogens, the search for which is an urgent area of research and requires constant screening of the gene pool. In the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, work is constantly being carried out to create the initial breeding material of winter wheat, resistant to the main pathogens, which will be used by breeders in the future. According to the selection program for resistance against fusarium head blight and root rot, the following lines were created: Lutescens F. g. 163/19, Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19, Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19, Erythrospermum S. h. 177/19, Erythrospermum S. h. 175/19, which are used by breeders of the institute and have been transferred to the National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine. The line Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19 was selected according to the “duration of the growing season” indicator, with a growing season of 238 days, which is 3 days less than the Podolyanka standard variety. It belongs to the group of early-maturing forms. High TGW indicators were noted in the lines Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19 – 50.6 g, Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19 – 49.3 g, Erythrospermum F. g. 163/19 – 46.5 g, and Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19 – 47.3 g. In terms of productivity, the following lines exceeded the standard: Lutescens F. g. 163/19 – by 38.8 g/m2, Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19 – by 39.6 g/m2, Erythrospermum C. h. 175/19 – by 26.7 g/m2. Lines Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19 and Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19 were distinguished by their high-protein content – 16.5% and 15.8%, respectively. The highest level of gluten content in grain was recorded in the line Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19 – 41.2%. The best lines in terms of sedimentation are: Lutescens F. g. 163/19 – 70 ml, Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19 – 67 ml, Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19 – 71 ml. It was established that the Lutescens line F. g. 163/19 showed elevated resistance against the causative agent of powdery mildew (damage – 1.0%) and septoria leaf blotch (damage – 3.0%). Fusarium head blight damage did not exceed 5.0%. Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19 was resistant to two pathogens (fusarium head blight, powdery mildew), while Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19 was resistant to fusarium head blight and septoria leaf blotch. The lines created under the program of resistance against root rot Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19 and Erythrospermum C. h. 175/19 showed relative resistance to this pathogen – 10.0% and 10.5% damage, respectively, and had high resistance to powdery mildew – 2.0% damage

Ecological and economic evaluation of technologies of growing of winter wheat selection material in regulated agroecosystems

The influence of the main parameters of the external environment (lighting, its quality and quantity, temperature, sowing scheme and seasons) on early maturity, productivity of winter wheat plants in soil greenhouses and hothouses is shown. In 1978 at the price of 1 kopeck for 1 kW/h of electricity the cost of grown products was not relevant. Over time, when the price of electricity rose to UAH 1 gryvna 68 kopecks, the relevance of the cost of grown products, especially breeding material, is decisive. In this regard, we conducted a detailed economic analysis of electricity costs for growing 1 g of winter wheat grain and 1 m2 of usable area, depending on the types of lamps, sowing schemes, seasons, and proposed energy-saving growing technologies. The results of scientific research on the cultivation of winter wheat in the area with heated soil are presented. The study of the peculiarities of growth and development of winter wheat plants in this area and on this basis developed energy-saving technologies for its cultivation, which provided significant energy savings, contrasting it in the winter-spring period (January-March) soil greenhouse conditions. In the vacated greenhouse during this period the second generation of selection material of winter wheat was grown or vegetable crops were grown as an element of crop rotation. This area is a normal heating main, which is laid to the selection greenhouses ES-71 (k. GDR). In this area, represented by the usual arable layer of chernozem soil of our zone, which is 1.5 m wide and 50 m long.

Assessment of Agrocenosis Adaptability of Winter Wheat in the Conditions of the Foothill Zone of the Central Caucasus

This paper presents the results of multi-year research on the adaptability of winter wheat varieties to the conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus. Characteristics such as ductility and stability were used to assess varieties for conformity to the cultivation conditions. Plant homeostaticity served as the indicator of ontogenetic adaptability. Phenological observations and reports were carried out according to the state variety testing methodology. The species composition of weed vegetation was established using the Agroecological Atlas of Russia. Conventional insect accounting methods were used to consider phytophages and plants damaged by them. It was established that the dominant pests of winter grains in the early periods of vegetation include phytophage bugs and cereal leaf beetle Oulema melanopus L. The maximum number of phytophage bugs was noted during the earing-flowering period. The proportion of pathogens of spike Fusarium head blight, tan spot and Septoria spot prevailed in the pathogenic complex. In total, 36.7% of varieties, including Kuma, Deya, Esaul, Starshina, Delta, Nota and Antonina, were medium-resistant to Fusarium head blight damage. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment of winter wheat selection by the parameters of adaptability, productivity and resistance to diseases, highly plastic genotypes responsive to environmental factors were distinguished: Kuma, Deya, Veda, Tanya, and List 25 (bi = 2.2; 2,3; 2,1). The selection of varieties was based on the adaptive properties of winter wheat. Fusarium head blight decreased by 20.8% in the mixed variety Batko+Deya, and the yield of mixed variety crops increased by 9%. Methods for compiling mixed varieties and designing the mosaics of varieties in the area of grain agrocenosis are recommended.
 Keywords: winter wheat, sustainability of agrocenosis, productivity, ecological plasticity, mixed varieties

Source material for breeding soft winter wheat in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

The source material is the initial link of the selection process of any crop. A careful study of it in specific environmental conditions largely determines the effectiveness of breeding activities. The paper presents the results of a study of 102 cultivars of soft winter wheat of various ecological and geographical origin in terms of the yield, winter hardiness, the plant height, the duration of the growing season, the resistance to the frit fly. The sources of individual and a complex of economically valuable indicators were identified and recommended as the source material for breeding use in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. In the winter wheat selection for high winter hardiness, the varieties Omskaya 6, Bagrationovskaya, Novosibirskaya 32, Novosibirskaya 51, Biyskaya Ozimaya, Filatovka, Kulundinka, Poema (Russia), Banga (Latvia), Emoile (Bulgaria), Myropol, Mykolayvka, Dashenka, Kalyanova, Lytavinka, Vinnychanka, Manzheliya, Khersonska bezostaya (Ukraine), Xiao Yan 107, Zhong Pin 1535 (China) are of great interest. Highly productive varieties are Victoria 95, Poema, Biyskaya Ozimaya (Russia), Zamozhnist, Kalyanova, Yasnogorka (Ukraine). Varieties Vdachna, Shestopalivka, Myropol (Ukraine), Svilena, Emoile (Bulgaria), KS 96 WGRC 37, KS 96 WGRC 40, Pacer (USA), Kitami 46 (Japan) XiaoYan 6, Ji Mai 30, Ji Mai 36 (China) are characterized by early ripeness. Short-stalked wheat varieties are Cameo (Russia), Ninka (Ukraine), Ji Mai 18 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Highly resistant varieties to the frit fly are Donskaya 50, Dominanta, Poema (Russia), Yasnogorka (Ukraine), Orienta, KS 96 WGRC34, KS 96 WGRC40 (USA), Xiao Yan 7, Zhong Pin 1507, Zhong Pin 1535 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Reliable correlations between winter hardiness and productivity, winter hardiness and plant height, plant height and productivity of soft winter wheat were established, which is of practical importance both for crop breeding and for its production use.

ОЗИМАЯ ПШЕНИЦА СЕЛЕКЦИИ УДМУРТСКОГО НИИСХ УДМФИЦ УРО РАН В КОНКУРСНОМ СОРТОИСПЫТАНИИ

The paper assesses the promising varieties of winter wheat in a competitive variety test by the main economic and biological characteristics that determine the suitability of the variety for commercial use. The object of research was the authors’ own breeding material. The experiments on the selection of winter wheat were made in the experimental crop rotation pattern of the Institute.

Генофонд Поволжья в селекции озимой пшеницы на юго-востоке ЦЧЗ

Генофонд Поволжья в селекции озимой пшеницы на юго-востоке ЦЧЗ

ПШЕНИЦА ДОНА: УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ И КАЧЕСТВО ЗЕРНА – КОНКУРЕНЦИЯ И СОРТОВОЕ РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ

Don wheat: productivity and grain quality, competitiveness and varietal diversity In the structure of grain crops, winter wheat occupies 74% of the area, and yields about 80% of gross amount. Therefore, wheat grain on the Don area, its productivity and quality is the most important source of income of its producers. The main sowing areas in the south of Russia are occupied by new varieties of such three research institutes as ARC ‘Donskoy’, ‘RCG named after P.P. Lukyanenko’ and DGRIA with the leading varieties ‘Ermak’, ‘Grom’, ‘Gubernator Dona’. Many modern winter wheat varieties are sown in the inter-station variety testing in the department for winter wheat selection and seed-growing of the ARC ‘Donskoy’, which makes it possible to compare them both in grain quality and productivity and to reveal their differences and features. The analysis of the allelic composition of prolamins showed that among the Krasnodar varieties there are a lot of alleles (78%) that negatively affect on the quality of flour (Gli 1B3, 1B2) and there are very few alleles with high frost resistance (Gli 1D4, 1D7 - 30%). At the same time, the varieties of Don selection have a visa versa effect. These alleles give an advantage in frost resistance, but lead to productivity decrease.

Історична довідка розвитку селекції пшениці

The article is devoted to the history of development and the formation of which historians and specialists of this field began to pay attention to in the last two centuries: L. Sempolovsky (1897), D. Rudzinsky (1904), M. Goncharov (2005) and many others. This was due to the fact that varieties more often become a means of production, greatly increase the productivity of agriculture. The term selection, its origin has not been studied, which leads to its various interpretations: sorting and even seed production. However, K. Timiryazev (1938) gave a more faithful notion of the term K. Timiryazev (1938), the selection (from the Latin word selection), means the choice by the practical way of improved, the emergence of new forms of cultivated plants, or domestication animals for a certain area. All indigenous wheat varieties are the result of breeding. However, as a new species and varietal diversity were created, the data were not preserved, and the results of selection researchers make conclusions on the number and quality of the varieties found of species. In 1931, 10 large agricultural centers were organized, which included 165 selection stations, and the construction of phytotrons, greenhouses and other selection structures began, which greatly increased the efficiency of the selection process. In the 90s of the last century, 51 scientific institutions were engaged in the selection of wheat in Ukraine, where 282 varieties of winter wheat with a yield of 5-7t/ha were created and transmitted to the State Variety Testing. Today, in Ukraine, winter wheat selection is conducted by 101 scientific institutions. However, the greatest achievements in the development of winter wheat varieties have been achieved: the Selection and Genetics Institute – the National Center for Seed Research and Graduate Studies – 59 (17.8%) varieties, the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences – 65 (19,1 %) and Mironovsky Wheat Institute after V.M. Remesla – 23 (6,7 %). The varieties of these institutions are capable of yielding 10,9–14,0 t/ha.

Some aspects of the winter wheat breeding for winter hardiness in the conditions of changing climate

In the conditions of changing climate, the features of the winter wheat selection for resistance against frosts and the effect of ice crusts are investigated. On the basis of transgressive variation, the methodology of the creation of highly productive winter-hardy varieties that involves the parents possessing the intermediately winter hardiness was developed. The features of the increase in the resistance of new varieties against the ice crusts by a selection were revealed.

Origin of Analytical Breeding of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Tsar’s Russia, and in Ukraine in particular (End of XIX– Beginning of XX centuries)

This article discusses the main factors of origin and development of analytical selection of winter wheat in Ukraine in late XIX - early XX century .. In particular highlight the role of scientific works of Charles Darwin, W. Rimpau, AL Sempolovskуу, IS Korzhinskуу and research institutions to increase attention to the study of local varieties of winter wheat and their improvement. Especially analyze values of Russia's first benefit from the breeding Guide to Seed for the Advancement of cultivated plants, in which the author proposes methods for improving and creating new varieties. Since the end of XIX century selection were mainly involved in private owners on their own initiative, already in the beginning of XX century this trend more interested in the agricultural society, local and state authorities. Thanks to their support in the country organized congresses, meetings and conferences, set up research and field stations. It was during this period of transition took place in the national selection analysis.

Ecological and Geographical Selection of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan

As a result of the lead long-term selection works wint involving a World' s collection and intertype and intertype hybridization with purposeful selection on economic-biological attributes highly productive • grades of a winter wheat, with stability to various kinds of illnesses and high technological qualities of grain have been allocated. The adapted grades of a winter wheat for a various environment of various zones of the countries of the Central Asia that allows to realize potential opportunities of grades in different environments of cultivation and by that to prevent losses of a crop from biotic and abiotic stresses that allows to stabilize productivity and adaptability of culture in a zon winter husbandry are created. The long-term field experiences lead by us and laboratory analyses on a level of productivity, qualities of grain and stability to stresses allows to conclude, that alongside with a genotype, stabilityenvironmental conditions render strong and significant influence on all complex of selection attributes.

Assessment of Varietal Composition of Soft Spring Wheat by (Triticum aestivum L.) its Productivity and Adaptability

The article represents results of researches and evaluation of newly registered and promising varieties of Soft Spring Wheat by their genetic potential, productivity and adaptability. Classification of the verities on the base of their reaction to the levels of agricultural background and types of their cultivation requirements to their growing was made. The stress was laid on the need to encourage winter wheat selection for resistance to drought and diseases and creation of new steppe ecotype varieties.