Selection Of Research Participants Research Articles

Assessing internship learning performance and its predictors: moderation of learning climate

PurposeThis research aims to elucidate the complex relationships among internship learning performance, problem-solving efficacy, and their determinants by simultaneously examining a key variable that may moderate these relationships.Design/methodology/approachThis study carried out its empirical examination by surveying graduate students at a prestigious university in Taiwan. The investigation selected two programs from the College of Management and another two from the College of Engineering within the university through a random sampling approach. The selection of research participants from the domains of management and engineering is well-suited to this study’s objectives, given the pronounced prevalence of internships in these fields. Of the 280 questionnaires, 234 usable questionnaires were finally collected for a response rate of 83.57%.FindingsThe findings of this study show that learning goal orientation and communication skill learning both represent critical motivations that directly dominate the growth of problem-solving efficacy to ultimately boost learning performance. At the same time, the positive moderation of learning climate suggests the learning climate as an accelerator for learning autonomy that boosts interns’ problem-solving efficacy more strongly.Originality/valueThis study presents an expansion of the social learning theory’s conventional focus on general self-efficacy beliefs by delving into the realm of internships as a unique research context to explore problem-solving efficacy as a distinct facet of self-efficacy. Within this context, the study integrates the mediating role of problem-solving efficacy into the learning dynamics of internships, where interns engage in both learning goal orientation and communication skill learning. By concentrating on the internship setting within the workplace, this study effectively bridges the domains of management education and vocational psychology, extending insights beyond the classroom to comprehensively grasp the impact of learning goal orientation and communication skill learning.

Stressors and coping mechanisms of divorced women

Background/Aim: The high divorce rate in Indonesia has an impact on the number of divorced women. In Indonesia, women with divorced status are still stigmatised, whereas the stigma and perception of divorced women in the community are still skewed. The formation of a negative stigma from the community makes women who experience divorce face many problems that can increase stress and make women psychologically disturbed. To overcome the conflict experienced, individuals have a coping mechanism as a way to defend themselves against changes that occur both within themselves and from outside themselves. The purpose of this study was to explore the sources of stress and coping mechanisms for stress in divorced women in Cirebon Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Methods: This research was qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The research participants amounted to 8 women with a divorce status of less than 2 months who experienced mild and moderate stress in dealing with the new status of divorce in Cirebon Regency. The selection of research participants used a convenience sampling technique. Data collection methods using in-depth interview techniques and administering questionnaires perceived stress scale (PSS) to determine a person's level of psychological stress. Data analysis in this study used the Colaizzi method. This study identified two themes, namely the sources of stress of divorced women and coping mechanisms for stress built in divorced women. Results: Sources of stress included social status, negative stigma from society, the process of raising children without a husband, economic factors , fear of facing life in the future and relationships with ex-husbands and their families. These various stresses did not prevent divorced women from continuing their life process. This was because of the coping mechanisms made by divorced women so that the stress they experience did not harm their lives. These coping mechanisms included self-management, enjoying the process, diverting problems, telling other people about problems , strengthening spirituality and self-reflection. Conclusion: Divorced women struggle with numerous stressors. It is necessary to strengthen positive coping mechanisms and to overcome stigmas and prejudices in society towards divorced women.

중학교 음악교사의 원격수업 실행에 관한 질적 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the music teachers’ stories about ‘how to teach regular middle school music curriculum and what to experience’ in the situation of the COVID-19 Pandemic and to suggest the implications for how to improve the online music class.
 Methods Based on the narrative inquiry method, this study focused on exploring the meaning, that is, knowledge, created by collecting stories about non-face-to-face remote classes of middle school music teachers. For this study, three middle school music teachers in Seoul, who are guiding the music curriculum of the revised 2015 curriculum in middle schools, were selected as study participants. Although it was difficult to select research participants for in-depth interviews with middle school music remote classes, the selection of research participants was centered on experienced teachers with a lot of educational experience. In-depth interviews were conducted as a qualitative research method of Hatch, and the results were analyzed.
 Results First, the music teachers said that they taught students music theory and music appreciation-oriented learning contents, one-way online classes, and reduced evaluation. Second, the stories about what music teachers experienced showed the difficulties in the urgent and rough music online class environment, using unfamiliar music platforms and making learning contents and frequently changed academic schedules.
 Conclusions Through this study, we can derive suggestions on how to improve the online music class of middle school music teachers as follows: First, music teachers should enhance technological capabilities for Digital·AI devices. Second, Music teachers should be able to produce music content for feedback and cooperative communication. Third, music teachers should develop evaluation content tools centered on each student's development process.

Patient-centricity: Research's new shibboleth?

Patient-centricity: Research's new shibboleth?

Ethics Guideline Development for Neuroscience Research involving Patients with Mental Illness in Japan

This study aims to develop guidelines of key concepts and specific considerations to make the research more ethical when conducting neurological examinations and treatment interventions in mentally ill patients. We analyzed guideline development theory and literature, previous issues, and discussions with specialists of philosophy, medicine, sociology, and bioethics. The selection of research participants, drafting of intervention plans, and informed consent process were examined with reference to the dual burden; the minimal risk as a general rule of ethical allowance levels, assent and dissent to assess the individual’s judgment capacity for consent, relational autonomy for personal consent with assistance by the proxy, and risk/benefit assessments. When conducting studies, this guideline requires that these three processes be set up appropriately on a case-by-case basis.

Universities’ Readiness in Designing Inter-University Shared Courses in Response to the Policy of Independent Learning - Independent Campus (ILIC)

The Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia launched the Policy of Independent Learning and Independent Campus (ILIC) through the Decree Number 3 of 2020. The emergence of this policy is a response to the issue of massively educated unemployment in the job market, both nationally and globally. The present study seeks to (1) describe the level of readiness of Indonesian universities in the island of Lombok in response to the ILIC policy related to the lecture exchange program among universities, (2) explore the hurdles faced by the local universities in preparing the exchange program and (3) investigate types of technical assistance needed by those universities to implement ILIC Policy effectively. This study employed a qualitative study approach with a multiple-case research design. as the basis for collecting, analyzing, and comparing data from various universities in Lombok Island. The selection of research participants was based on a purposive sampling technique. The main objective of employing this technique is to gather samples that are reasonably supposed to be representatives of the population. Results of the study show not all universities investigated were not ready to implement the ILIC policy due to lack of online learning facilities. For this reason, a big number of private campuses were found difficult to run inter-university exchange lectures. The study concludes there are two urgent needs that must be met by those campuses to run the ILIC policy successfully, i.e. (1) the provision of massive online learning facilities on campus and (2) collaboration among universities in carrying out non-lecture activities, such as practicum/ apprenticeship.

English Language Teaching with Engagement in Mind

This research studies the post method approaches in the English language teaching context of Pakistan. The study argues that methods are colonial legacy which are imposed upon all the cultural and social settings. The post-method approaches like particularity, practicality and possibility can bring drastic change in English language teaching of Pakistani context. This research has used qualitative questionnaires for collecting data. The selection of research participants is based on purposive sampling. The findings reveal that the post method approach makes teaching and learning effective by emphasizing on the conxtet of the students and situation. Therefore, this study has investigated the post method strategies and approaches practiced in the ELT context of Pakistan.

한글 문해 앱(App) 제작에 기반한 스마트폰 교육프로그램 개발과 활용 가능성 탐색


 Objectives This study is the development of a program in which literacy learners participate as subjects of education based on the production of a Hangul literacy app. By using the app as a learning tool, Korean literacy education and smartphone education can be provided simultaneously, and the possibility of a program using the app, a new learning tool, is explored to diversify teaching and learning methods.
 Methods This study was conducted as an action research method, and an application software production tool called App Inventor was used for app production. The research participants consisted of six literacy learners, researchers, and joint researchers. In the first stage, a detailed research plan was established through an elite interview, observation of participation in the computer basic class and smartphone class, and the performance of an assistant teacher, and the recruitment and selection of research participants were made. In the second stage, the researcher creates an app as a learning tool that is considered suitable for literacy learners and develops a program to apply it to smartphone education. And then, In the last third stage, the opinions of literacy learners were obtained through group interviews with learners to determine whether the program was generalized.
 Results First, it was confirmed that the smartphone app was useful as a learning tool to solve the learner's problem, and it was possible to develop a learning tool based on the app creation. Second, if a learning tool is created with an app, it is possible to develop an education program that can complement Korean literacy education and resolve learners' desire to learn smartphones. If you develop a program based on making an app, you can use it as follows. First, learner-independent classes are possible, so it will be an interesting education for learners. Second, as the teaching area expands to the production of apps, it is possible to develop programs that reflect professionalism and diversification of teaching methods, and Third, it will become a basic data for follow-up research that utilizes smartphone apps as learning tools or grafts them into programs.
 Conclusions In the field of lifelong education, program development based on app production may seem a bit unfamiliar, but the concept of literacy is rapidly expanding into the digital realm, and the needs of learners are diversifying. For the social and cultural participation of literacy learners, it is necessary to develo

Behavior analysts’ selection of research participants with emotional and behavioral disorders: Equity and social justice matter.

Behavior analysts’ selection of research participants with emotional and behavioral disorders: Equity and social justice matter.

SUSTAINING LOCAL HERITAGE: FIBRE ART AS A NEW PARADIGM TO UPLIFT MALAYSIAN CRAFT PRODUCTION

By putting forward contemporary fibre art as a new paradigm in Malaysian craft production, this study aims to uncover how it is applied involving selection of material, utilization of technique right up to the appraisal of resultant product. The underlying rationale is to ensure incessant appreciation of Malaysian crafts by the society, especially the younger generation. This research utilized the Design Development Research (DDR) that consisted of three (3) phases. Selection of research participants used purposive sampling based on the respondents' expertise in the area. In Phase 1, Needs Analysis was carried out using semi-structured interviews with three (3) textile experts. In Phase 2: Design and Development, the researcher used ADDIE model to develop crafts using fibre art material for Malaysia craft production. In the third and final phase, Implementation and Evaluation, sixty young people from Shah Alam community took part in an assessment of their acceptance of craft using fibre art. However, discussion on this study focuses on the first phase which is the needs analysis. The findings suggest that contemporary fibre art as a new paradigm to Malaysian craft production is relevant and has the potential to be implemented in Malaysia.

Women’s Decision Making on Birthing Choices in the Private Sector of Namibia: Midwives’ Perspectives

In this study, the views of midwives regarding decision making in the Namibian private sector hospital labour wards were investigated with the aim of understanding the reasons for the high prevalence of caesarean sections in the Namibian private sector. The study objective was to determine the views of midwives about how women in the private sector labour wards decide on a birthing method. A qualitative design with an exploratory approach was followed, with the application of purposive sampling in the selection of research participants. Seven individual and in-depth interviews with midwives were conducted in two private hospitals in Windhoek. Data analysis was done using the six steps proposed by Creswell. Findings indicated that decision making depended on the woman, the doctor and the institution. Aspects such as the midwife’s relationship with the doctor, as well as the pregnant woman and the institution have an influence on such decisions made. Furthermore, the trust among and between health professionals, the availability of policies and guidelines, as well as the information received during antenatal care also affect the choice. It was found that women are not well informed about the choices they have for childbirth, the advantages and disadvantages of the chosen mode of birthing, as well as what to expect during the active stages of labour. In conclusion, decision making in the labour wards is important as it determines the birthing method outcome for every woman in the labour ward. Further studies need to be done in the same context and public hospital settings, to explore the dynamics in the public sector.

Critical Reflection on My PhD Research Experience

This article offers a selective account of the author's personal experience with the critical self-reflective inquiry. This article also described the selection of research participants, the researcher's position, trustworthiness, the issue of informed consent, and how confidentiality was maintained throughout the present research study.

Stem Cell Trials: Lessons from Gene Transfer Research

Since 1998, when James Thomson and John Gearhart reported the first successful derivation of human embryonic stem cells and human embryonic germ cells, respectively, the scientific community has championed the therapeutic potential of these cells. Indeed, despite the restrictions on embryo research in some jurisdictions and despite the recent controversy surrounding the validity of the stem cell research conducted by Woo Suk Hwang, stem cells may soon enter their first human trials--possibly within a year. Stem cell transplantation will not be the first biotechnology to begin trials amid revolutionary expectations and moral apprehension. More than fifteen years ago, the first experiments with gene transfer in human somatic cells inspired similar hopes and fears. Gene transfer quickly evolved into a competitive research area, but its progress was checked by ethical missteps. With embryonic stem cells poised to begin human trials, now is an opportune time for scientists and ethicists to review some of gene transfer's ethical miscues. Moving Too Quickly From the first protocol involving humans, gene transfer was caught up in ethical controversy. In 1980, hematologist Martin Cline began gene transfer trials without prior approval from his institutional review board (IRB); neither the National Institutes of Health (which supported the study) nor committees at a collaborating institution in Israel were apprised of the fact that his protocols involved recombinant DNA. The studies were faulted for their scientific prematurity, and Cline became the first clinical investigator to be formally sanctioned by the NIH for violating human subjects regulations. In 1992, another controversy erupted when the NIH recommended canceling a contract of a prominent gene transfer researcher, Steven Rosenberg, for pursuing trials without sufficient preclinical data. Episodes like these created early impressions that gene transfer researchers were moving into human studies too aggressively. There are various indications that some prominent stem cell researchers have not fully absorbed gene transfer's cautionary lessons. As this essay goes to press, cloning pioneer Woo Suk Hwang has admitted to ethical improprieties in obtaining human eggs and is under investigation for scientific fraud. Elsewhere, two different research groups (one backed by Geron, the other by ES Cell International) are reportedly nearing human studies despite concerns expressed by about the safety and prematurity of such trials. Scientific Value Gene transfer suffered another setback in 1995 when an NIH-commissioned review concluded that only a minority of clinical studies ... [had] been designed to yield useful basic information. The report emphasized that initial studies were exploratory and many clinical gene therapy studies thus far have not met [high] standards [of experimental design]. Because of their novelty, stem cell transplantation trials will necessarily involve high levels of indeterminacy regarding risks, methods, and standards. Considering such uncertainty, the move from animal to human trials requires first that the questions asked not be answerable using in vitro or animal models, and second, that the protocol be designed so as to maximize its yield of knowledge. Moreover, participants in early trials are unlikely to benefit directly. Maintaining a favorable ratio of harms to benefits, as required under all major codes of ethics, will thus demand exacting scientific and safety standards for early phase I trials and care in the selection of research participants. The Therapeutic Misconception Patient advocates have often misconstrued gene transfer trials as aimed at delivering therapy, and researchers have frequently contributed to this conflation of research and therapy. However, trials impose requirements (for example, in phase I studies, doses are administered that are anticipated to be subtherapeutic) that abrogate medicine's mandate to provide personalized care. …

Evaluation of qualitative research

It is necessary to subject published research to critical scrutiny, in order to evaluate the robustness of the findings. The criteria used in evaluation require to be appropriate for the research paradigm, i.e. quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative conceptualizations of reliability and validity are unsuitable for evaluation of qualitative research as they were not devised for this purpose. The use of quantitative criteria to evaluate qualitative research may create the impression that the latter is not academically rigorous. Evaluation criteria which are specific to qualitative research require identification and application, in order to provide a formalized and rigorous approach to critical appraisal. A formalized framework for evaluation will help to ensure that the contribution of qualitative studies, with specific reference to health services research, receives optimum recognition. The work of a number of writers is used in this paper to examine the features which distinguish qualitative research and the following are discussed: the need for researcher reflexivity; the use of the 'first person' in academic work; the context in which research takes place; the selection of research participants; the interpretation of participants' accounts; the active acknowledgement of 'lay' knowledge; researcher flexibility within the research process; the generalizability of findings. It is concluded that academically rigorous criteria, which are appropriate for evaluation of qualitative research, exist and are available for use by practitioners and researchers.