Selection Of Potential Donors Research Articles

Postoperative Complications in Living Donors for Lung Transplantation.

Living donor lobar lung transplantation is a life-saving procedure for critically ill patients. This requires 2 healthy donors exposed to risks and without medical benefit. Therefore, the donor's safety and minimal postoperative complications are crucial. This study aimed to investigate the short-term outcomes and identify the risk factors affecting these outcomes. The data of 175 living donors enrolled between 1998 and 2022 were analyzed. Donors were divided into era 1 (1998-2009) and era 2 (2010-2022). The overall incidence of postoperative complications was 39%, of which 7% were major complications. Donors who underwent surgery on the right side had a higher incidence of delayed pulmonary fistulae (P = 0.01) and elevated liver enzyme levels (P = 0.028). Living donor surgery on the right side (P = 0.01), era 2 (P = 0.01), and the need for plasty (P = 0.04) were predictors of postoperative complications. Updated data on complications and their correlation with postoperative quality of life from this study could aid in the selection of potential donors and facilitate informed consent.

Protocol for the examination and selection of potential living donors of bone tissue for the production of allografts

The responsible stage of choosing the source of bone allografts is the process of examination and selection of the donor, which includes moral and ethical, legal and medical aspects. The selection of potential donors should be carried out with the participation of a qualified doctor, with a thorough collection of anamnesis, social conditions and a general medical examination. Up to 48 % of all potential donors are rejected to collect bone in the pre-operative period; up to 22 % of the received tissues are not suitable for transplantation according to the results of further examinations. Purpose – to develop a protocol for the examination of potential living donors of bone tissue based on anamnestic, clinical, laboratory and instrumental examinations to ensure the selection of high-quality bone material for the production of bone grafts. Materials and methods. From 01.01.2016 to 01.12.2021, 640 patients for hip replacement were involved in the selection of bone tissue donors. The following selection steps were applied: obtaining informed consent, filling in a questionnaire about the possibility of donation, express-tests for infections and X-ray morphometric examination based on the results of radiography of the hip joints in direct projection. Results. Based on the results of the examination of potential donors, it was established that the number of patients who were excluded from further research due to refusal to donate was 3 %, due to contraindications according to the results of filling out the questionnaire – 15 %, according to X-ray morphometric criteria – 51 %, according to the results of laboratory examination – 2 %. Conclusions. A protocol of examination of bone tissue donors for the production of scaffolds has been developed. It was established that about 30 % of all examined potential donors are suitable for donation.

Organ Donation and Transplantation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Summary of the Spanish Experience.

Spain has been amongst the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has posed significant challenges to the donation and transplantation program. Despite a dramatic decrease of donation and transplantation activities during the critical early weeks of the outbreak, the program has recovered and is learning to cope with COVID-19. We describe the 4 pillars upon which the Spanish donation and transplantation program has been rebuilt. (1) Standards have been developed and progressively updated for the evaluation and selection of potential donors and recipients with regards to SARS-CoV-2 infection. (2) Spain has been actively generating evidence to assess the validity of our standards and to understand the natural history of the infection in transplant recipients. No case of donor-derived COVID-19 has been reported to date. COVID-19 has been more frequent and has had a more aggressive course in recipients of solid organ transplants than in the general population, but this seems largely explained by the demographics and comorbidity of transplant patients. (3) As a result of this evidence and experience, recommendations have been issued for the management of COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients and candidates on the waiting list. (4) Finally, concrete guidance has been issued for centers to manage the donation and transplantation programs in relation to a dynamic and heterogeneous epidemiologic scenario. The Spanish experience confronting the impact of COVID-19 upon donation and transplantation may help serve the needs of a broader community in other countries.

Detection, characterization, and enrollment of donors of Ebola convalescent plasma in Sierra Leone.

BACKGROUNDPassive therapy with convalescent plasma provides an early opportunity to intervene in Ebola virus disease (EVD). Methods for field screening and selection of potential donors and quantifying plasma antibody are needed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSRecombinant Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) was formatted into immunoglobulin G‐capture, competitive, and double‐antigen bridging enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). EVD survivors in Freetown, Sierra Leone, were recruited as potential plasma donors and assessed locally using sera alone and/or paired sera and oral fluids (ORFs). Uninfected controls comprised unexposed Gambians and communities in Western Area, Sierra Leone. Antibody neutralization in selected sera was measured retrospectively in a pseudotype virus assay.RESULTSA total of 115 potential donors were considered for enrollment: 110 plasma samples were concordantly reactive in the three EIAs; three were concordantly unreactive and two were reactive in two of three EIAs (98.2% agreement; 95% confidence interval [CI], 93.9%‐99.8%). In 88 donors with paired ORF and plasma, G‐capture EIA reactivity correlated well in the two analytes (R2 = 0.795). Plasma and ORF from 44 Gambians were unreactive. ORF samples from 338 of 339 unexposed Western Area community controls were unreactive (specificity, 99.7%; 95% CI, 98.4%‐99.7%); ORF samples from 113 of 116 Kerry Town EVD survivors were reactive (sensitivity, 97.4%; 95% CI, 92.5%‐99.5%). Strong reactivity in G‐capture and/or competitive EIAs identified donors with high plasma EBOV GP antibody levels in the double‐antigen bridging assay, correlating with high levels of neutralizing antibody.CONCLUSIONSIn‐field testing can qualify convalescent donors for providing high‐titer antibody.

Impact of Clinical Simulation Training in Transplantation

IntroductionThe Hospital El Cruce is a high complexity center that performs transplants, both the procurement and the implant of organs and tissues. To deal with the low availability of organs and tissues from cadaveric donors it has been implemented the training through clinical simulation. ObjectiveTo assess if continuous training through procurement clinical simulation workshops modifies the production and quality indicators of organ and tissue procurement for transplantation in the hospital. Materials and MethodsThe workshop focuses on the procurement difficulties as detailed: workshops with high fidelity simulators: detection of potential donor; certification of death; treatment and selection of potential donor; workshops with role play actors; communication of the patient's death; and request for the last will of the deceased. A retrospective study was performed to compare between two periods the procurement activity. These periods defined 30-month before and after the opening of the workshop, as periods 1 and 2. ResultsIn period 1, 44 patients underwent organ transplantation and 64 patients a tissue transplantation. After training through workshops (period 2), the number of patients increased to 71 for organ transplantation and 116 for tissue transplantation. ConclusionsAssessment of the two periods indicates that the production and quality indicators of organ and tissue procurement improved in the second period. Continuous training through procurement clinical simulation workshops is highlighted within all tasks carried out in the hospital. Clinical simulation is a motivating factor for the development of this activity in the hospital.

High Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria (TTM) from Student Blood Donors Living in the Town of Douala, Cameroon

Objective: Despite its contribution in managing and saving human lives, blood transfusion nonetheless can represent one obvious hazard in the transmission of many infectious diseases, among which malaria. This study aimed at determining the risk of transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) from student donors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in January 2015 in students living in the town of Douala, Cameroon. One hundred and seventy nine (179) students aged between 18 and 32 years were included in the study and their blood tested for the presence of malaria parasites using thick blood films. A questionnaire form was administered to each participant for documenting socio demographical, clinical and malaria-related data. Results: The prevalence of malaria infection among donors was 27.54%. Overall prevalence of the asymptomatic malaria was 10.17% which accounted for 47.36% of all cases of malaria infection. Malaria prevalence was higher in males compared to their female counterparts (29.85%), in those aged 21-25 years old (32.55%) and who were not using insecticide-treated bed nets (26.31%). Mean parasite density was the highest in males, 21-25 years old and bed nets users with 139 ± 346 parasites/μl, 132 ± 341 parasites/μl and 156 ± 476 parasites/μl respectively. None of the factors tested were found to be associated with an increased risk of malaria infection (pvalue> 0.05). Conclusion: This study has highlighted a potential high risk of TTM from student donors. In many endemic areas malaria diagnosis is overlooked thus increasing the risk of TTM and constraining its appraisal. This study fills the gaps a little in field of blood transfusion safety in our setting and we expect it will be helpful to adequately define policies in order to undermine the misperceptions about TTM such as screening malaria parasite and selection of potential donors in blood banks prior to the transfusion.

EVALUATION, SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF LIVING DONOR FOR PARTIAL LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN CHILDREN

Living donor liver transplantation is a highly effective method to help children with end stage liver diseases. Projected success of operation is largely determined at the stage of selection of potential donor. In our review of the literature is presented historical information, are considered «eastern» and «western» way of development of pediatric living donor liver transplantation, are analyzed the ethical and psychosocial aspects of living donor liver transplantation, and also are set out principles and protocols for evaluation potential donors. In addition, the modern views on volumetry of the potential donor liver and on choice of graft type for transplantation, including for children with low weight are presented.

Do fundraisers select charitable donors based on gender and race? Evidence from survey data

Recent studies document that people are much more likely to donate to charity and volunteer their time when they are asked to. Using household surveys of giving and volunteering in the United States conducted from 1992 to 2001, which contain questions on whether the respondent was personally asked to give or volunteer, this paper investigates the factors associated with the probability of receiving a charitable solicitation and presents substantial evidence that race and gender differences play key roles in the selection of potential donors. In particular, males, blacks, and Hispanics are less likely to be solicited compared with females and whites. Using non-linear decomposition techniques, I find that differences in observable characteristics of individuals explain most of the racial gap in the probability of being solicited for charitable causes, but they fail to explain the gender gap in the probability of being asked to volunteer. Furthermore, these results are robust to alternative specifications. I also discuss related policy implications and argue that the economic impact of selecting potential donors based on gender and race can be considerable.

Distributions of HLA Microsatellite Markers and the Linkage Disequilibria between HLA and Microsatellites in Koreans

The microsatellites within human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region show considerable polymorphism and strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with HLA alleles. These microsatellites have been used for genetic analysis including disease mapping to understand susceptibility to autoimmune and infectious diseases. Also, use of microsatellites has recently been proposed as an approach for identifying non-HLA markers within the HLA region that could function as transplantation determinants and for the selection of potential donors for transplantation. Methods: To analyse the frequency of five microsatellites in the Korean population, genotyping for polymorphisms at five microsatellites markers (BAT2, MIB, DQCAR, D6S105 and TNFd) within HLA region was performed on 143 healthy Korean controls. Results: The most frequent genotype shown in healthy Korean controls were BAT2 8 (153 bp, 42.7%), MIB 1 (326 bp, 40.6%), DQCAR 3 (188 bp, 38.5%), D6S105 7 (126 bp, 58.0%) and TNFd 3 (128 bp, 58.0%). And common two-loci haplotypes were found as MIB 1-HLA-B*62 (HF: 10.6%), MIB 6-HLA-B*44 (HF: 7.8%), DQCAR 3-HLA-DRB1*13 (HF: 8.5%), TNFd 5-HLA-B*62 (HF: 7.8%) and D6S105 7-HLA-A*02 (HF: 16.2%). Conclusion: These data might provide useful information on the microsatellites markers with HLA region in Korean population and be helpful in further defining the clinical impact of these microsatellites.

It's only love? Some pitfalls in emotionally related organ donation

Transplanting organs from emotionally related donors has become a fairly routine procedure in many countries. However, donors have to be chosen carefully in order to avoid not just medically, but...