Selection Of Design Parameters Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF PROCESSES AND OPTIMIZATION OF POWER FREQUENCY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SUPPLY SENSOR OF FUEL INJECTION

Information about the parameters of the fuel supply is necessary to assess the operational and environmental performance and condition of the diesel engine of the car and tractor. To obtain such information, a special sensor is required, which is highly sensitive and is not built into the power system. The paper provides an analytical description of the processes in the overhead electromagnetic diesel fuel injection sensor. According to the selected electromagnetic circuit, an equivalent circuit is presented. Reasonable assumptions are made for the converter under consideration. Analytical dependences of electrical and magnetic parameters of a non-linear sensor circuit are presented. The conditions for obtaining the maximum sensitivity of the sensor are determined. An algorithm for calculating the magnetic circuit is presented. For the selected design parameters and operating current, the optimal frequency and supply voltage were determined.

Off-grid SeaWater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) desalination driven by hybrid tidal range/solar PV systems: Sensitivity analysis and criteria for preliminary design

This paper deals with innovative renewable energy (RE) - powered seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plants based on tidal range/PhotoVoltaic (PV) systems as a hybrid technology with interesting prospects to promote the RE desalination at medium to large capacity ranges. Key features to enhance solar PV with tidal range energy are the good temporary complementarity of both options and the predictable water production pattern that the tidal range plant allows, along with ensuring water production at night. Once the basic sizing of a power plant referred to a 20 MW turbine is conducted, the sensitivity analysis of main performance parameters of the hybrid solar/tidal desalination system is carried out through yearly simulations. With this analysis, an extension of the knowledge about the performance of hybrid tidal/solar desalination is gained in such a way that three useful design criteria are derived from the results: i) total investment cost per unitary water production, ii) energy consumed in desalination to total energy production, and iii) energy non-useful for desalination. Recommended designs are provided under each of these three criteria for given yearly freshwater demand with SWRO plants of 3.5 and 4.8 kWh/m3 of specific energy consumption. Results proves that off-grid SWRO desalination powered by hybrid tidal/PV systems in a favorable location achieves actual water production of one half of nominal production with adequate selection of design parameters. Recommended sizing of the energy generator for minimizing capital costs corresponds to 20 MW tidal/25–27 MWp PV per 12 MW of SWRO consumption. Additionally, in absence of realistic costs data, the recommended design criterion for the plant sizing relies on the ratio of energy used by the desalination plant to that produced by the hybrid tidal/PV generator. Results at an exemplary plant location show that 14.1 × 106 m3/y of fresh water obtained with desalination consumption of 3.5 kWh/m3 needs 2.0 MW tidal/26.9 MWp PV. This energy system would produce 10 × 106 m3/y considering 4.8 kWh/m3 of specific consumption.

On the issue concerning improvement of a mud preparation technology at the expense of hydrodynamic cavitation

Purpose is to improve the technology of drilling mud by applying hydrodynamic cavitation. Research methodology is represented by the theoretical and experimental studies of hydrodynamic cavitation, performed with the help of modern methods of analytical analysis and experimental studies, i.e. by using general principles of mathematical and physical modeling, methods of processing research results in EXCEL, SolidWorks for further analysis. Research results. Frequency of cavitation oscillations according to the parameters of a device for creating hydrodynamic cavitation has been calculated. The formula for determining the dispersion time of the washing liquid material by the frequency of cavitation oscillations has been theoretically substantiated and obtained. A process of moving drilling fluid in the device using the appropriate software in the SolidWorks package has been studied. The results of theoretical research have been confirmed by practical research and chosen as a basis for substantiation and development of the methods for preparing drilling fluids. Originality is represented by modeling and research of the process of hydrodynamic cavitation in a cavitation device using flow visualization using SolidWorks software. This approach helped substantiate and predict the pressure and flow velocity at each point of transition of the diameters of a cavitation dispersant. This, in turn, has made it possible to reduce hydraulic resistance and improve the device design to implement a technology of preparation of drilling fluids due to hydrodynamic cavitation. This approach has allowed substantiating and performing virtual experiments on the technology of preparation of drilling fluids; that has helped select rational design parameters of the cavitation disperser and save a lot of money and time on the production of bench samples of the device, including various design features. Practical implications. Basing on the results of both theoretical and experimental studies, the development of advanced technology for the preparation of stable drilling fluids be applying rational indicators of hydrodynamic cavitation has been substantiated and proposed.

Output feedback control of a flexible marine riser with the top tension constraint

In this paper, for the flexible marine riser system with the top tension constraint, the output feedback controller is developed to suppress the vibration of the riser. The dynamic behavior of the flexible riser is expressed by the partial differential equation (PDE). Firstly, a high-gain observer is designed to estimate unmeasurable system states. Secondly, the top tension of the riser is constrained with the aid of the logarithmic barrier Lyapunov function, and the output feedback boundary controller is developed using the direct Lyapunov method. Through rigorous mathematical analysis, the consistently bounded stability of the closed-loop system is achieved. Finally, the simulation is carried out to show that the developed control can stabilize the system with good performance under proper selection of design parameters.

A Survey on the Investigation and Analysis for a Power System (Micro-Grid) with Stochastic Harmonic Distortion of Multiple Converters

The current study is based on a survey on the exploration and analysis of stochastic harmonic distortion in power systems using multiple converters (Micro-Grid). When Renewable Energy Systems are integrated into EPS, they may create clean energy, fulfill consumer energy needs, and help to protect fossil fuel supplies, which are rapidly dwindling. These renewable energy sources (RES) are frequently connected to the grid via power converters (Voltage Source Converters) to provide the necessary energy regulation and conversion. However, Voltage Source Converter (VSCs) generates both current and voltage harmonics, has a negative impact on the Power Quality (PQ) of a small grid and has the potential to cause damage or equipment failure. In the face of uncertainties, such as those resulting from design parameter selection or system parameter changes, the amount of harmonic distortion of many VSCs may be greatly influenced and difficult to forecast. When dealing with VSC harmonic distortion levels in the face of uncertainty, it is necessary to use statistical methodologies.

Experimental and analytical investigation on the lateral response of ball rubber bearing isolators

Recent earthquakes demonstrated that modern seismic design and retrofit of constructions should target damage containment to reduce the direct and indirect economic losses and downtime. In this context, the use of base isolation as seismic protection strategy is becoming popular. A variety of devices is available on the market. Elastomeric and metallic sliding devices are the most common type of isolators. Ball rubber bearings (BRBs) combine the practical use and the low maintenance cost of elastomeric bearings with a friction-based dissipation due to the steel balls of the inner core. Although many tests were performed to characterize the lateral response of BRBs, their stiffness, the maximum displacement capacity and the damping, further studies are needed to clearly identify the main variables and their effects on the lateral response. This research paper aims at developing a design-oriented formulation to estimate the equivalent damping, the characteristic strength and the lateral stiffness of BRBs. In order to calibrate and validate the proposed formulation, experimental tests are performed varying the axial load pressure and maximum imposed displacement. Furthermore, all the tests available in literature are collected in a unique database. Simple considerations on the influence of the different design parameters are discussed and used to calibrate reliable design formulations to be used in the design practice. • Tests were carried out on Ball Rubber Bearings to investigate the effect of maximum imposed displacement and axial pressure. • Damping, characteristic and maximum strength of BRBs are sensitive to axial load pressure and imposed maximum displacement. • Design-oriented formulations for the damping, the characteristic strength and the lateral stiffness of BRBs are proposed. • The outcomes of this study can be used for the selection of BRB design parameters.

Solvent Reduced Extrusion‐Based Anode Production Process Integrating Granulate Coating, Drying, and Calendering

A novel electrode production process, based on a minimal solvent content, is developed for highly viscous water‐based graphite anodes, using a solid mass content of 50% or more compared to conventionally processed anodes. The electrode paste is prepared by mixing the solids with solvent inside of a twin‐screw extruder. Afterward, the extrudate is cut with a strand pelletizer to granules. By inserting the granules into the gap of a two‐roller calender, the current collector foil is coated directly. It is shown that the highly viscous pastes are capable of extended storage stability over several weeks, whereby a temporal and local decoupling of paste preparation and electrode manufacturing can be realized. To enable this innovative electrode processing, a combined development incorporating a selection of new anode binder materials, machinery design, and process parameters has been essential due to strong material‐process interaction, as known in the field of battery electrode production. Because the binder is exposed to greater shear stresses and a short duration time during extrusion mixing, the selection of novel anode binder materials is particularly important. This then needs to be combined with machine design and process parameter optimization, in order to establish this innovative electrode processing method.

Design parameter and method for airport asphalt mixture based on high-temperature performance

The objective of this study is to establish a design system oriented towards the rutting resistance of paving asphalt mixture. To achieve this goal, a series of experiments and analyses were conducted, including the selection of design parameter, the establishment of design method and the verification of design system. Test results indicated that in comparison with uniaxial penetration strength (UPS) and Marshall stability (MS), uniaxial compression strength (UCS) had a higher sensitivity to asphalt content and was thus suitable as a design parameter. Correlation analysis showed that linear correlation between UCS and dynamic stability was more significant with Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) exceeding 0.8 for various types of asphalt mix, exhibiting an accurate characterization to the anti-rutting ability of asphalt mix. Moreover, 2.94 MPa was proposed as the design critical value based on fitting equation. Compared to conventional design method, the asphalt mixture from proposed method possessed a better high-temperature performance, especially under severe in-service condition where flow number increased by 27.5% to 37.1% in repeated load permanent deformation (RLPD) test and impression depth decreased by 18.3% to 19.7% in Hamburg wheel tracking (HWT) test. This research provided a new idea for anti-rutting technology innovation of asphalt pavement in civil airport field from the aspect of paving materials design.

Numerical Investigation of the Sensitivity of the Acoustic Power Level to Changes in Selected Design Parameters of an Axial Fan

The noise generated by different types of fans used in the turbomachinery industry is a topic that has been studied for many years. However, researchers are still looking for a universal solution to reduce noise while maintaining the performance of these machines. This paper, as a contribution to the research, presents the results of numerical investigations of an axial fan installed in a pipeline with a circular cross-section. In particular, the focus was on investigating the sensitivity of the sound power level to changes in selected design and operational parameters of this fan. The simulation studies used the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) approach and the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW-H) analogy implemented in Ansys Fluent.

Research on Reliability of Structural Members Subjected to Snow or Wind Load for Design Working Life of 100 Years in China

Various national and international standards for building structures and other common structures specify a design working life of 50 years. Therefore, the statistical parameters of loads and the design expressions in current design codes are also based on a design reference period of 50 years. When the design working life is not 50 years, the variable load adjustment factor for the design working life needs to be considered. The corresponding load adjustment factors of office building live load, residential live load, snow load, and wind load are given in (GB50153-2008), (GB50009-2012), and (GB50068-2018) with different design working life (5, 10, 20, 30, 75 and 100 years), respectively. However, the recommended values presented in these documents are inconsistent and no provisions are found in those specifications for the selection of load design parameters in the design expression, which will result in designers having doubts in choosing design parameters, especially for building structures designed for a working life of 100 years. Using different design parameters in the design expression, the implied reliability level of the members with a design working life of 100 years was clarified in the paper. Furthermore, guidance for the specification in actual design is provided. For structural members designed for working life of 100 years, 14 representative structural members were selected to calculate their partial factors of resistance. Considering two simple combinations (dead load and wind load, dead load and snow load) and common load effect ratios, the reliability analysis of each member are carried out according to the load partial factors in China’s old and new codes. The study indicated that the structural importance coefficient of 1.1 needs to be taken in the design expression to increase all the load effects on the structural members designed for 100 years. The basic wind pressure and snow pressure should be taken with a return period of 100 years and the variable load adjustment factor for the design working life should not be considered.

Modeling and Design of a Solar Rotary Dryer Bench Test for Phosphate Sludge

As an eco-friendlier way to manage mining waste, the use of solar energy to dry phosphate sludge in a rotary dryer is envisioned. As a first step toward this end, a design study for a bench-scale rotary dryer for phosphate sludge is detailed, using a one-dimensional mathematical model developed for this task. Using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software, a steady-state transport phenomena model was developed that enables an estimation of the moisture and temperature profiles for both gas and product in the dryer. A sensitivity analysis evaluated the effects and influence of different geometric parameters and operating conditions on the product moisture profile. Parameters involved include the diameter of the dryer, the residence time of the product to dry, inlet air temperature, and inlet product humidity. This allowed for the selection of suitable design parameters for the operation of a phosphate sludge dryer with a 1.5 m length and an internal diameter of 11.5 cm. The inlet air temperature of the rotary dryer was set at 200°C to achieve a reduction of moisture content in the product from 30% to 7%. The model was validated through literature and experimental datasets, with an error averaging 0.22% and 1.52%, respectively.

Design of compressor impeller under high Reynolds number conditions

PurposeA parametric method for designing the hub, casing and blades of the miniature centrifugal compressor impeller was developed. The relationship model of the size, aerodynamic and performance parameters of the centrifugal impeller was established. Based on the selected design parameters, the miniature centrifugal-type impeller was designed, and the work efficiency was calculated.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a micro-centrifugal compressor impeller with a diameter of less than 25 mm was designed. A parametric design method was developed, and the functional relationship between the geometric and gas fluidity parameters was established.FindingsThe results of this study showed that the performance parameters of the designed micro-centrifugal impeller satisfied the design requirements. The proposed method is useful as a reference for designing and analysing compressor impellers under high Reynolds number conditions.Originality/valueA parametric design method was developed, and the functional relationship between the geometric and gas fluidity parameters was established. Under the Reynolds number conditions, the flow characteristics of the gas in the compressor were analysed; the shear-stress transport turbulence equation was solved using the finite volume method. In addition, the effects of the Reynolds number on the velocity, pressure, mass flow and efficiency of the micro-scale centrifugal compressor were evaluated. The results showed that the performance parameters of the designed micro-centrifugal impeller satisfied the design requirements. The proposed method is useful as a reference for designing and analysing compressor impellers under high Reynolds number conditions.

A Mathematical Model for the Optimal Robust Design of Cause Selecting Control Charts

Cause selecting charts (CSC) are statistical control-charts for monitoring multiple sequential processes; in contrast, Shewhart control-charts are useful for monitoring independent processes. The economic-statistical design of CSC involves the selection of the optimal design parameters that include the width of the chart, sample size, and sampling interval. The application of economic-statistical criteria is a well-established and active research field. However, these design approaches may not be reliable for a dynamic production environment due to the uncertainty associated with the values of the model parameters. The purpose of this paper is to develop a robust economic-statistical model for the design of CSC. The model is intended to minimise the risk associated with the incidence of different scenarios in a real production environment. Through the use of examples and sensitivity analysis, it is demonstrated that the model provides design parameters that are more sensitive to shifts, protect against the occurrence of other scenarios, and results in charts with a higher power. [Received: 21 July 2018; Accepted: 24 March 2021]

Design and thermal-hydraulic optimization of a shell and tube heat exchanger using bees algorithm

The present study modifies the structural design of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger by considering two key parameters such as the maximization of the overall heat transfer coefficient and minimization of the total pressure drop. Five geometric design variables which include the tube inside diameter, tube outside diameter, pitch size, baffle spacing, and the tube length are investigated for optimization. The governing equations for design and optimization of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger are evaluated and the optimum design parameters are obtained by bees algorithm. The selection of the important design parameters to achieve the proper design is evaluated by fixing each of these parameters, while the other the design parameters are selected as variable to optimize the effectiveness. Compared with the original shell-and-tube heat exchanger, the overall heat transfer coefficient is increased by 22.78% with the minimum increase in the total pressure drop by 1.8%.

A mathematical model for the optimal robust design of cause selecting control charts

Cause selecting charts (CSC) are statistical control-charts for monitoring multiple sequential processes; in contrast, Shewhart control-charts are useful for monitoring independent processes. The economic-statistical design of CSC involves the selection of the optimal design parameters that include the width of the chart, sample size, and sampling interval. The application of economic-statistical criteria is a well-established and active research field. However, these design approaches may not be reliable for a dynamic production environment due to the uncertainty associated with the values of the model parameters. The purpose of this paper is to develop a robust economic-statistical model for the design of CSC. The model is intended to minimise the risk associated with the incidence of different scenarios in a real production environment. Through the use of examples and sensitivity analysis, it is demonstrated that the model provides design parameters that are more sensitive to shifts, protect against the occurrence of other scenarios, and results in charts with a higher power. [Received: 21 July 2018; Accepted: 24 March 2021]

Evaluation and Prediction of Self-healing Assessments for AA2014 Based Hybrid Smart Composite Structures: A Novel Fuzzy Logic Approach

An idea to heal the damaged surface through healing agents in metallic composite are at their developmental stage. Therefore, the selection of design parameters for a new generation smart composite is more complex and difficult. In the present study the two case studies on self healing smart strucures are included with different input design parameters to evaluate the healing properties. Taguchi based L-8 experiments were conducted to analyze the influencial parameters responsible for higher self healing assessments (i.e. recovery in crack width, recovery in crack depth and flexural strength recovery). To evaluate the self-healing assessments of the damaged structure, a soft computing technique based on S/N ratio from ANOVA analysis is obtained. The experimental results were further considered for constructing the fuzzy logic predictive model. Linear regression models i.e. a statistical tool is generated to judge the accuracy of the fuzzy based predicted model through various error analyses. Based on S/N ratio Fuzzy logic model, results show less error values of 6.33 and 4.94 % for case studies I and II, respectively in compared to the regression model adapted for all self-healing assessments. The model offers a close resemblance with the experimental observations even with less number of experimental runs. This concludes that the fuzzy logic model provides a powerful soft computing tool to perform large research work related to the design of input parameters for metallic based self-healing composites structures in near future.

The power loss requirement in the non-thermal ³He-³He fusion plasma

The control of power loss is the most important issue in the plasma and it should be minimised by suitable selection of design parameters. This research is done with the aim of determining power loss and the parameters affecting the ³He-³He plasma with isotropic non-Maxwellian electron velocity distribution function (EVDF). In order to investigate the power loss requirement, bi-Maxwellian EVDF is considered. The results show that the rate of entropy production decreases as the electron density decreases and collision time increases. The ratio of the minimum power loss to the fusion power decreases as the electron temperature, and electron and helium-3 densities decrease, and the ion temperature increases. It is favourable to decrease the electron temperature lower than the thermal limit. Moreover, decreasing the electron temperature increases the fusion power.

Impact of Window-to-Wall Ratio on Heating Demand and Thermal Comfort When Considering a Variety of Occupant Behavior Profiles

Energy consumption and thermal comfort in residential buildings are highly influenced by occupant behavior, which exhibits a high level of day-to-day and dwelling-to-dwelling variance. Although occupant behavior stochastic models have been developed in the past, the analysis or selection of a building design parameter is typically based on simulations that use a single “average” occupant behavior schedule which does not account for all possible profiles. The objective of this study is to enhance the understanding of how window-to-wall ratio (WWR) of a residential unit affects heating demand and thermal comfort when considering occupant behavior diversity through a parametric analysis. To do so, a stochastic occupant behavior model generates a high number of possible profiles, which are then used as input in an energy simulation of the dwelling. As a result, one obtains probability distributions of energy consumption and comfort for different WWR values. The paper shows that the shape of the probability distributions is affected by WWR and dwelling orientation, and that the influence of different occupant behavior aspects on performance also varies with WWR. This work could help designers to better assess the impact of WWR for a large spectrum of possible occupant behavior profiles.

Simulation of particles screening in pulsating negative pressure shale shaker by coupling CFD and DEM

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to obtain the combination of working parameters suitable for pulsating negative pressure shale shaker through simulation, which is conducive to efficient recovery of clean drilling fluid and relatively dry cuttings.Design/methodology/approachShale shaker is still one of the main equipment in solid–solid and solid–liquid separation processes in drilling industry. This research is based on a new drilling fluids circulation treatment device, namely pulsating negative pressure shale shaker. In this work, a numerical study of particle flow and separation in the pulsating negative pressure shale shaker is carried out by coupling computational fluid dynamics/discrete element method (CFD-DEM). The effect of vibration parameters and negative pressure parameters are studied in terms of conveyance velocity and percent through screen.FindingsThe results show that, conveyance velocity of particle is mainly affected by vibration parameters, negative pressure in pulsating form can effectively prevent cuttings from sticking to the screen. Vibration parameters and pulsating airflow velocity peak have great influence on percent through screen, while vibration frequency and screen slope have influence on the time when the percent through screen reaches stability.Originality/valueIn this paper, the authors put forward a new kind of drilling waste fluid treatment equipment, and focused on the study of particle movement law. The results have important guiding significance for the selection of structural design parameters and rational use of equipment. In addition, the new device provides a new idea for solid–liquid separation method, which is one of the hot topics in current research.

Parameterized Periodic Steady-State Analysis via Reduced-Order Modeling

This article presents a new approach to construct reduced-order models for large nonlinear circuits excited by periodical or quasi-periodical sources. The key feature in the constructed reduced model is that it enables, through solving a much smaller system, tracing the variations in the periodical steady-state response of the original circuit with regards to variations in selected design parameters. The proposed approach is based on the notion of using discrete empirical interpolation to project the nonlinear operator of the circuit equation onto a smaller subspace. In addition, the original system equations are projected onto the subspace spanned by the first few derivatives of the solution with respect to the selected design parameters. Computational savings are made possible through solving a reduced system of equations instead of the full system. Numerical examples are presented to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach.