Selection Criteria Research Articles

Retrospective study on endoscopic treatment of recurrent esophageal cancer patients after radiotherapy.

Esophageal cancer poses a significant health burden globally. Endoscopic treatment has emerged as a viable option for patient ineligible for surgery or experiencing disease recurrence post-radiotherapy. Patients visiting the Department of Endoscopy at the Cancer Hospital of China Academy of Medical Sciences between March 2009 and March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria encompassed patients with histologically confirmed esophageal cancer who had not undergone surgery, but received radiotherapy or CRT, and subsequently opted for endoscopic treatment. Data on demographics, treatment modalities, recurrence patterns, histopathological characteristics, and outcomes were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0, employing Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests for data normality assessment. Out of 25 included patients, the mean age was 60.29years, with a predominance of males (88%). Most patients (64%) received chemoradiotherapy (CRT), while the rest underwent radiotherapy alone. The median follow-up duration was 50.92months, with a median recurrence time of 38.92months. Majority (56%) presented with a solitary lesion and 76% had negative margins. Histopathological analysis revealed various stages of cancer, with the most common being high-grade squamous epithelial neoplasia (64%). Survival analysis indicated a 72% overall survival rate, with 16% surviving beyond 5-year post-treatment. Approximately, 20% succumbed during the study, primarily due to non-esophageal causes (16%). Endoscopic treatment shows promise as a therapeutic option for selected esophageal cancer patients, offering favorable outcomes in terms of survival and disease control. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and optimize patient selection criteria for endoscopic interventions in esophageal cancer management.

Susceptibility Screening of HIV-1 Viruses to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies, Teropavimab and Zinlirvimab, in People with HIV-1 Suppressed by Antiretroviral Therapy

Background: HIV envelope (env) diversity may result in resistance to broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Assessment of genotypic or phenotypic susceptibility to antiretroviral treatment is often performed in people with HIV-1 (PWH) and used for clinical trial screening for HIV-1 bNAb susceptibility. Optimal bNAb susceptibility screening methods are not yet clear. Methods: Phenotypic and genotypic analyses were conducted on 124 screening samples from a Phase 1b study of bNAbs teropavimab (3BNC117-LS) and zinlirvimab (10-1074-LS) administered with lenacapavir in virally suppressed PWH. Phenotypic analysis was conducted on integrated HIV-1 provirus and stimulated outgrowth virus, with susceptibility to bNAbs defined as 90% inhibitory concentration ≤2 μg/mL. The proviral DNA HIV env gene was genotyped using deep sequencing, and bNAb susceptibility predicted using published env amino acid signatures. Results: Proviral phenotypic results were reported for 109 of 124 samples; 75% (82/109) were susceptible to teropavimab, 65% (71/109) to zinlirvimab, and 50% (55/109) to both bNAbs. Phenotypic susceptibility of outgrowth viruses was available for 39 samples; 56% (22/39) were susceptible to teropavimab, and 64% (25/39) to zinlirvimab. Phenotypic susceptibilities correlated between these methods: teropavimab r = 0.82 (P<0.0001); zinlirvimab r = 0.77 (P<0.0001). Sixty-seven samples had genotypic and phenotypic data. Proviral genotypic signatures predicted proviral phenotypic susceptibility with high positive predictive value (68–86% teropavimab; 63–90% zinlirvimab). Conclusions: bNAb susceptibility was correlated among all three in-vitro assays used to determine teropavimab and zinlirvimab susceptibility in virally suppressed PWH. These findings may help refine PWH selection criteria for eligibility for future studies.

Chest tube size selection for pleural effusion: from the perspective of thoracic surgeons and pulmonologists

ABSTRACT Background The current discourse within the thoracic surgical and pulmonological communities pertains to a contentious debate over the optimal selection criteria for thoracostomy tube diameters utilized in the management of pleural effusions. A comprehensive examination of the variables that inform the clinical decision-making paradigm for the determination of appropriate chest tube calibers is imperative to enhance patient management and elevate the prognostic results. Objectives The objective of this inquiry is to elucidate the determinants that influence thoracic surgeons and pulmonologists in their selection of chest tube size for the management of pleural effusions. Methods This cross-sectional study was based on an electronic questionnaire that was sent to the targeted populations through e-mail or a professional WhatsApp. The survey assessed the considerations of chest tube size selection as well as the respective advantages, disadvantages, and potential complications related to each size. Results The conducted study encompassed participants, with a nearly even distribution between thoracic surgeons (49.1%) and pulmonologists (50.9%). Most of these practitioners are within tertiary-level medical institutions (82.1%). A preference for small-bore chest tubes (SBCT), defined as < 14 French (Fr), was indicated by 54.8% of participants. The drawbacks associated with SBCT, such as kinking (60%) and blockage (70%), influenced the decision-making process negatively, while pain was a significant factor in the selection against LBCT (64%). Ultrasound guidance was a positive influence for the selection of SBCT (55%). Complications associated with LBCT included visceral and vascular injuries (55.7%), wound infection (45.3%), re-expansion pulmonary edema (43.3%), and subcutaneous emphysema (57.5%). In contrast, malposition was a complication more commonly associated with SBCT (49.1%). Conclusion The decision regarding chest tube size was influenced by several critical factors which included the nature of pleural effusion, the volume of pleural fluid, and potential complications specific to the size of the chest tube used.

Comprehensive review of Korean Medicine registries 2015-2023.

Despite the increasing popularity of Korean Medicine (KM), its scientific evidence faces scrutiny. Instead of randomized controlled trials, registries are favored to capture the real world of KM practice due to the difficulties associated with proper control and the holistic nature of the KM approach. This review aimed to examine the KM registries in detail, identify the scope and focus of studies within this field, and assess the research trends. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of KM registries listed in trial registration platforms, covering records from their inception until the end of 2023. The selection criteria aimed to include studies focusing on various interventions related to KM, with data extraction focusing on study characteristics and outcomes measured. The analysis utilized descriptive statistics to summarize the findings. We identified a steady increase in registry studies (2015, one; 2023, seven). Musculoskeletal disorders were most studied (28%), aligning with patients' demand. The involvement of 112 primary clinics and Quality of Life (QOL) as the predominant outcome in 14 (66.7%) registries demonstrates the positive impact on patient well-being and the critical role that primary clinics play in KM practice. Our findings indicate a heightened interest and commitment to evidence-based KM practices. Future Registries should be implemented on a large scale, incorporating long-term follow-up encompassing primary clinics. This approach would enable a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of KM interventions, as well as offer valuable insights into the influence of KM on chronic conditions and QOL.

Computer-Aided Synthesis Planning (CASP) and Machine Learning: Optimizing Chemical Reaction Conditions.

Computer-aided synthesis planning (CASP) has garnered increasing attention in light of recent advancements in machine learning models. While the focus is on reverse synthesis or forward outcome prediction, optimizing reaction conditions remains a significant challenge. For datasets with multiple variables, the choice of descriptors and models is pivotal. This selection dictates the effective extraction of conditional features and the achievement of higher prediction accuracy. This review delineates the origins of data in conditional optimization, the criteria for descriptor selection, the response models, and the metrics for outcome evaluation, aiming to acquaint readers with the latest research trends and facilitate more informed research in this domain.

Model‐based clustering in simple hypergraphs through a stochastic blockmodel

AbstractWe propose a model to address the overlooked problem of node clustering in simple hypergraphs. Simple hypergraphs are suitable when a node may not appear multiple times in the same hyperedge, such as in co‐authorship datasets. Our model generalizes the stochastic blockmodel for graphs and assumes the existence of latent node groups and hyperedges are conditionally independent given these groups. We first establish the generic identifiability of the model parameters. We then develop a variational approximation Expectation‐Maximization algorithm for parameter inference and node clustering, and derive a statistical criterion for model selection. To illustrate the performance of our R package HyperSBM, we compare it with other node clustering methods using synthetic data generated from the model, as well as from a line clustering experiment and a co‐authorship dataset.

Perioperative outcomes of same-day discharge laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass using the MBSAQIP database.

There has been a rising trend of outpatient bariatric surgery, particularly accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and outcomes of same-day discharge laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) using the MBSAQIP database. In this retrospective study, the MBSAQIP was queried for patients undergoing non-revisional LRYGB between 2020 and 2021. Two cohorts were established: same-day discharge (SDD; length of stay = 0days) and next-day discharge (POD1; length of stay = 1day), with the latter serving as a control group. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were employed to compare outcomes between cohorts. A total of 48,408 patients underwent LRYGB, with 1,918 (4.0%) SDD and 46,490 (96.0%) POD1. The two cohorts were similar in mean age (SDD 44.2 ± 11.3years vs POD1 44.0 ± 11.3years; p = 0.61) and female sex (SDD 83.8% vs POD1 83.1%; p = 0.43). However, the POD1 cohort had a higher preoperative body mass index (45.4 ± 7.3 vs 44.9 ± 7.3kg/m2; p < 0.01). Preoperative anticoagulation and obstructive sleep apnea were more prevalent in the POD1 group. There was no difference in overall 30-day overall complication rates (SDD 2.0% vs POD1 2.3%; p = 0.51), reintervention, reoperations, mortality, and emergency department visits between the two cohorts. Readmissions were lower in the SDD cohort (2.9% vs 4.0%; p = 0.02), whereas the need for outpatient intravenous hydration was higher in the SDD cohort (6.7% vs 3.6%; p < 0.01). This finding remained significant even after adjustment for confounders. Same-day LRYGB is safe and feasible, with comparable complication rates to next-day discharge. Notably, SDD is associated with lower readmission rate and higher need for outpatient intravenous hydration, possibly reflecting rigorous bariatric protocols and thorough patient follow-up. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the selection criteria and optimize postoperative care for outpatient LRYGB.

Trilateral game and vertical collaboration models in a two-stage green supply chain with substitutable green products

This paper explores the trilateral game and vertical collaboration model based on Stackelberg’s (manufacturer-leadership game) and Bertrand’s game-theoretical methodology for a two-stage green supply chain where the duopolistic manufacturers and the retailer are ecologically conscious. Both manufacturers produce and sell two substitutable green products through a common retailer. The selling prices and green levels (GLs) determine the demand for both green products. A game theoretical approach is implemented in the trilateral game model, and the result shows that the manufacturer with a bigger sales volume achieves superior performance in terms of earnings. In the vertical collaboration model, a manufacturer and retailer collaborate to optimize pricing issues, GLs, and profits. Two-player games among three participants are performed for this collaboration. The results of the vertical collaboration model show that the overall profit in vertical collaboration is greater than the sum of the individual profits corresponding to two participants in the trilateral game model. Whereas, the manufacturer outside the collaboration experiences a decline in profits. Further, a selection criterion of manufacturers is also developed to maximize the overall profit of the retailer. Finally, a numerical example and a sensitivity analysis are performed to demonstrate the model’s implementation and stability.

Management of mild Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

Introduction: Most of the elderly individuals with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) suffer from a progressive, and irreversible spinal cord dysfunction and pain. The incidence is rising in tandem with the ageing population. Due to its debilitating effects on a person's physical, mental, and social aspects, it is quickly becoming a public health issue. Therefore, the primary objective is to diagnose the condition in its milder form, prevent its progression, and treat the symptoms aggressively. This article discusses the management of mild CSM, including our experiences, difficulties, current state of knowledge, and potential future developments. Methodology: From the patients presenting with neck pain in the OPD, those with mild CSM according to modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) scoring system were selected. Their disabilities were studies with commonly used scoring systems like Nurick grading, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and quality of life with SF-36v2. Only the degenerative cases were included, and other pathologies were excluded. Classical cervical disc prolapse with radiculopathy was also not included. Conservative management was initiated in all these patients and followed up for the improvement or deterioration. Results: With the above selection criteria, 235 patients with mild CSM were included in the studies. There were 186 males and 49 females with ages ranging from 42 to 78 years. The clinical profiles were studied. The major signs and symptoms were neck pain, disturbed dexterity of hands, imbalance on walking and exaggerated reflexes. The impairments were stratified and found that the average mJOA score was 16.2, Nurick score was 2.8 and NDI was 33.6. The quality of life was judged using SF-36v2 and was 39.7. The patients were monitored for three, six, twelve, and twenty-four months with conservative care. The follow up was very poor and only 46 out of the total 235 patients could be followed up to two years. Thus the result obtained could not derive any significant information. The symptoms like pain significantly reduced and there was improvement in overall scores including the quality of life. There were no case of deterioration during the conservative treatment. Thus, there was no discernible advancement that called for surgery. Conclusion: Mild CSM is a common, under diagnosed and usually ignored entity which affects big portion of elderly population. It specifically impacts the mental and social aspects that impairs one's quality of life, as well as the functional and emotional aspects. They are initially being treated conservatively and closely monitored for signs of worsening and advancement. Most of the patients respond to conservative treatment but those having risk factors for progression and bad prognosis, should remain vigilant of any features of deterioration. The treatment plan must be timely modified if a patient's clinical condition deteriorates preventing life-long sufferings.

Correction to: The COR criterion for optimal subset selection in distributed estimation

Correction to: The COR criterion for optimal subset selection in distributed estimation

Thai Baht and Chinese Yuan Exchange Rate Forecasting Models: ARIMA and SMA-ARIMA Comparison

This study evaluates the effectiveness of classical Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models and kth Simple Moving Average - ARIMA (kth SMA-ARIMA) models in forecasting the exchange rate between the Thai Baht (THB) and the Chinese Yuan (CNY). The analysis uses a dataset of historical monthly exchange rates from January 2011 to November 2022, covering 143 months. The dataset is divided into two segments: the initial 127 months are used as the training dataset for model development, while the subsequent 16 months serve as the testing dataset to evaluate forecast accuracy. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) is the decision criterion for model selection during the development phase. The forecasting models' effectiveness is subsequently assessed on the testing dataset using two statistical measures: the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The findings indicate that the classical ARIMA (0,1,1) model outperforms the kth SMA-ARIMA models in this study, exhibiting the lowest RMSE and MAPE of 0.1702 and 2.6644, respectively. Additionally, a focused comparison of the kth SMA-ARIMA models for k = 2, 3, and 4 reveals that the 2nd SMA-ARIMA (0,1,2) model demonstrates superior performance compared to the 3rd and 4th SMA-ARIMA models. This superiority is reflected in their respective RMSE values of 0.3202, 0.5146, and 0.6339, and corresponding MAPE values of 5.3533, 8.7531, and 10.4949. These results provide valuable insights for decision-makers in the financial sector, enhancing investment strategy formulation based on anticipated currency movements.

Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on kidney function of type 2 diabetes patients during Ramadan: A systematic review.

SGLT2 inhibitors are known for their osmotic diuretic effect, and their use by Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes during the fasting month of Ramadan may pose an increased risk of volume depletion, potentially impacting renal function. We conducted a systematic review registered on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020204582) of studies published between 2013 and January 2023, sourced from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The study selection criteria included controlled studies that reported the use of SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) by fasting adult type 2 diabetes patients and provided data on creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as outcomes. Two prospective observational studies, encompassing a total of 359 participants, of which 197 utilized SGLT2 inhibitors, were identified. Our findings indicated that the use of SGLT2 inhibitors during Ramadan did not result in a significant alteration in eGFR. In one study by Hassanein et al., the mean changes in eGFR for the SGLT2i group, as compared to the non-SGLT2i group, were -1.2 ± 19.4 and 3.1 ± 14.8, respectively (p = 0.06). In a study by Shao et al., the least squares mean changes for eGFR in the SGLT2i group, compared to the non-SGLT2i group, were -6.0 ± 1.5 (95% CI, -8.9 to -3.1) and -4.2 ± 1.6 (95% CI, -7.3 to -1.1), respectively (p = 0.39). Despite the limited number of observational studies available, our analysis suggests that the use of SGLT2 inhibitors by type 2 diabetes patients during Ramadan does not appear to significantly impact kidney function.

The unique chemical and microbiological signatures of an array of bottled drinking water.

The bottled drinking water market has seen significant growth and diversification, yet the selection criteria lack scientific basis, as all must adhere to stringent health standards. Prior studies predominantly focused on chemical quality, with limited assessments of microbial quality using methods prone to underestimation. Moreover, insufficient research explores the impact of packaging materials and temperatures optimal for mesophilic growth on microbial quality. To understand the unique characteristics and justify the distinction among different types of bottled waters, a comprehensive analysis encompassing both chemical and microbiological aspects is imperative. Addressing these gaps, our study examines 19 diverse bottled water brands comprising purified, mineral, artesian, and sparkling water types from Saudi Arabia and abroad. Our findings reveal distinct chemical compositions among bottled waters, with notable variations across types. Flow cytometry analysis reveals significant differences in bacterial content among water types, with natural mineral waters having the highest concentrations and treated purified waters the lowest. Bacterial content in plastic-bottled mineral water suggests it may be higher than in glass-bottled water. Flow cytometry fingerprints highlight separate microbial communities for purified and mineral waters. Additionally, temperatures favorable for mesophilic growth reveal varying microbial responses among different types of bottled waters. Some variation is also observed in mineral water bottled in plastic versus glass, suggesting potential differences that warrant further investigation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identifies unique microbial taxa among different mineral waters. Overall, our study underscores that all bottled waters meet health regulations. Furthermore, the combined chemical and microbial profiles may serve as authenticity indicators for distinct bottled water types. This study can serve as a basis for future research on the environmental impact of bottled water transportation, suggesting that locally produced water may offer a more sustainable option.

Derivation of Splenic Stiffness in Subjects with Normal Liver Stiffness and No Vascular Liver Disease Using Transient Elastography with a Spleen-Dedicated Module: A Large Cross Sectional Study.

Liver and splenic stiffness measurements (LSM and SSM) are useful to predict varices and clinical decompensation in cirrhosis. SSM values are highly variable and overlapping and no guidelines exists on what constitutes normal SSM, that might limit interpretation of results. Consecutive subjects with LSM < 6 kPa and reliable SSM (FibroScan630 Expert device with spleen-dedicated module) and no vascular liver disease were analysed for significant correlations of SSM values with age, sex, BMI, portal and splenic vein diameter, splenic diameter, liver fat and diabetes. Based on timeline of SSM, subjects were randomly assigned in 70:30 ratio into derivation [n = 502] and validation subset [n = 214]. Of 7200 subjects with simultaneous reliable LSM and SSM, 715 fulfilled the selection criteria (mean age: 43.8 ± 12.8years, 67.2% male, mean BMI-26.4 ± 4.5kg/m2). The mean SSM was 22.6 ± 5.8kPa (c10-c90 percentile range: 15.2-31.3kPa) and followed the normal distribution curve. In the derivation subset, mean SSM for males was higher than female (23.06 ± 6.2vs. 21.78 ± 5.93kPa; p = 0.028). SSM value correlated with LSM (r = 0.454, p = 0.001). Mean SSM in subjects with LSM 3-4, 4.1-5 and 5.1-6kPa were 21.7 ± 5.8, 22.27 ± 5.67and 23.76 ± 5.88kPa (p value = 0.001). There was no difference in SSM based on age, BMI, diabetes and liver fat on ultrasound. Above results hold true for subjects in validation subset. SSM range in subjects with normal LSM and no vascular liver disease using spleen-dedicated module varies from 15.2 to 31.3kPa, values being higher in male and not affected by Age, BMI, spleen size, liver fat and diabetes. Our results may serve as reference point in evaluation of SSM in compensated advanced liver disease patients.

Do autism and psychopathy co-occur? A systematic review and clinical discussion.

Although the prevalence is unknown, psychopathy can be a possible co-occurring condition associated with autism especially among forensic populations. However, the relationship between these two conditions remains poorly understood. To carry out a systematic review of the available literature exploring the relationship between autism and psychopathy. A systematic literature review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using terms for autism and psychopathy to search the literature databases Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science, ASSIA, APA Psych Info, Medline and EMBASE from 1980 to March 2024. For inclusion, we required that a recognised measure of autism and psychopathy or associated features of the latter had been used. Of the 4230 potential articles identified, 37 met the selection criteria. Insufficient and inconsistent methodologies for data pooling meant that a narrative analysis was used. Although there is some overlap, four broad themes emerged relating to (1) assessment and frequency of co-occurrence, (2) behavioural and neurophysiological expressions of empathy, (3) behavioural contagion effects, mirroring, mimicry and other linking mechanisms and (4) emotional face perception and theory of mind characteristics. Within these areas there are some specific differences between the two conditions. However, the research to date examining the relationship between autism and psychopathy has mostly been with children and males, carried out with non-clinical non-forensic populations, as well as using self-report measures and parental ratings. Prior research has also largely focused on looking for differences between these conditions rather than co-occurrence. This review outlines a case for considering autism and psychopathy as distinct, but potentially co-occurring conditions and highlights the need for more research into how the two conditions interact with clinical populations. There also appears to be a need for guidelines on when and how to assess psychopathy with autistic individuals and a better understanding of the therapeutic needs and factors influencing the long-term outcomes of autistic individuals who may also present with co-occurring psychopathy.

Application of modified grafted tubularized incised plate urethroplasty in hypospadias

To investigate the clinical feasibility and effectiveness of the modified grafted tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (G-TIP), namely "glans G-TIP (GG-TIP) ", in treatment of hypospadias. A clinical data of 137 children with hypospadias qualified by the selection criteria between January 2021 and June 2023 was retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 75 children were treated with GG-TIP (GG-TIP group) and 62 with G-TIP (G-TIP group). There was no significant difference ( P>0.05) between the two groups in terms of age, hypospadias type, penile length, penile head width, penile head height, penile curvature, meatus-apex distance, urethral plate width, and distance from the distal endpoint of navicular groove to the dorsal or ventral midline point of the glans corona, and the difference between the two. The operation time, reconstructed urethral length, distance from meatus to ventral glans corona, postoperative complications, maximum urinary flow rate at 2 weeks after operation, and the hypospadias objective scoring evaluation (HOSE) score at 6 months after operation in the two groups were recorded and analyzed. The operation time was significantly shorter in GG-TIP group than in G-TIP group ( P<0.05); but there was no significant difference ( P>0.05) between the two groups in terms of reconstructed urethral length and distance from meatus to ventral glans corona. All urinary meatus located at the tip of glans with vertical fissure shape. All children in the two groups were followed up 6-35 months (median, 26 months). During follow-up, there were 3 cases of urethral fistula, 2 cases of urethral stricture, and 1 case of glans separation in GG-TIP group, and 3, 3, and 1 cases in the G-TIP group, respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups ( P>0.05). The maximum urinary flow rate at 2 weeks and the HOSE score at 6 months after operation were significantly higher in GG-TIP group than in G-TIP group ( P<0.05). GG-TIP is safe and effective for repairing hypospadias in children. Compared with G-TIP, it has the advantages of relatively simple operation, shortened operation time, significant improvement in urinary flow rate, and better cosmetic results.

포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 통한 교사용 교사-학생 관계 척도 개발의 방향성 탐색

Objectives This study seeks to explore the direction of developing a teacher-student relationship scale as perceived by teachers. Methods For this purpose, focus group interviews were conducted with six elementary and middle school teachers who are field education experts. FGI was conducted in four stages: planning, recruitment, progress, analysis, and reporting. In the planning stage, an interview questionnaire, which was a research tool, was constructed. At the research participant recruitment stage, six people were selected as research subjects according to the selection criteria. Interviews were conducted at the proceeding stage. In the analysis and reporting stage, the collected data were analyzed. Results The results derived through FGI are as follows. First, the teacher-student relationship is one of positive interaction based on trust. And it was said that among the many relationships a teacher has, the relationship with students is the most important. Second, components such as listening, intimacy, immediate feedback, accessibility, respect and acceptance, and trust were extracted. In addition, the teacher's professional and human areas were divided into evaluation items. Third, matters to be considered when developing a teacher-student relationship scale were presented in terms of content and method. It was also reported that it can be used as basic data for teachers' self-understanding and self-inspection. Conclusions The significance of this study is to explore the direction of developing a teacher-student relationship scale as perceived by teachers in the future based on an in-depth analysis of FGI.

Decoding love signs: The role of perceived relational red flags in mate selection criteria among Filipino young adults

Abuse and infidelity are common relational conflicts in the Philippines. The prevalence of this growing social problem among Filipinos has also been observed in their calls regarding these warning signs in a romantic partner. Hence, this study explores how these issues influence young adults’ mate preferences by examining their lived romantic experiences. Utilizing criterion purposive sampling, ten diverse stories of heterosexuals were evaluated through semi-structured in-depth interviews and interpretative phenomenological analysis to understand the complexity of experiential meanings of participants who have had long-term relationships with their previous ex-lovers and are currently engaged in committed relationships. Participants denoted relational red flags encompassing emotional distance, deception, emotional labor, destruction, and emotional manipulation. These turbulent behavioral patterns deliberately cause the deterioration of their previous relationship while they consider the dimensions of warmth, competence, and attractiveness when choosing an ideal mate. These preferences mentioned are similar to the desirable qualities of their current partners. Findings also assert that relational red flags were perceived as the diametric bases for mate selection, non-negotiable deal breakers, and a lesson to captivate dealmakers. Considering the rising numbers of reported domestic violence victims, including psychological abuse in relationships, this research has compelling implications for Gender and Development and Anti-Violence Against Women. Further, it is also pertinent to counseling psychology practices, especially in the current status and emerging development of Couples Therapy, which primarily handles relationship issues during the pre-marital stage.

Application of tuberosity suture combined with autogenous bone grafting in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for elderly patients with proximal humeral fractures

To analyze the effectiveness of tuberosity suture combined with autogenous bone grafting in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for elderly patients with proximal humerus fracture. A clinical data of 28 patients with fresh proximal humerus fractures, who met the selection criteria and admitted between June 2014 and April 2022, was retrospectively analyzed. There were 7 males and 21 females. Age ranged from 65 to 81 years, with an average of 73.8 years. The causes of injury were 21 cases of fall, 6 cases of traffic accident, and 1 case of falling from height. The time from injury to operation ranged from 5 to 20 days with an average of 9.2 days. There were 8 cases of Neer three-part fracture and 20 cases of four-part fracture. The reverse total shoulder arthroplasty was performed, and the greater and lesser tuberosities were sutered and reconstructed with autogenous bone grafting. After operation, the Constant score, American Society for Shoulder Surgery (ASES) score, and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were used to evaluate shoulder function and pain; and the active range of motion of the shoulder joint was recorded, including flexion, external rotation, and internal rotation. X-ray films were taken to observe the position of prosthesis. According to the evaluation criteria proposed by Boileau, the healing of greater tuberosity was evaluated, and the effectiveness was compared between the patients with healed and non-healed (displacement and absorption) greater tuberosity. All incisions healed by first intention after operation. All patients were followed up 24-106 months, with an average of 60.9 months. At last follow-up, the VAS score of shoulder joint ranged from 0 to 6 (mean, 1.1). The Constant score ranged from 45 to 100 (mean, 80.1). The ASES score ranged from 57 to 100 (mean, 84.7). The active range of motions of shoulder joint were 60°-160° (mean, 118°) in flexion, 0°-50° (mean, 30°) in external rotation, and corresponding to reaching the S 5-T 8 vertebral body level in internal rotation. During follow-up, no shoulder joint re-dislocation or severe shoulder instability occurred, and no revision surgery was performed. X-ray film reexamination showed that there was no loosening of the prosthesis. According to the evaluation criteria proposed by Boileau, the greater tuberosity fused in 22 cases (78.6%), displaced in 3 cases (10.7%), and absorbed in 3 cases (10.7%). The shoulder joint function and pain related evaluation indicators in the healed group were significantly better than those in the non-healed group ( P<0.05). Tuberosity suture combined with autogenous bone grafting is a relatively simple procedure that provides a reliable fixation for the anatomic recovery of greater and lesser tuberosities and is beneficial for the recovery of shoulder function in elderly patients with proximal humeral fractures.

Early effectiveness of modified minimally invasive Chevron-Akin osteotomy for moderate to severe hallux valgus

To explore early effectiveness of modified minimally invasive Chevron-Akin (MICA) osteotomy in the treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus. A clinical data of 49 patients (61 feet) with moderate to severe hallux valgus, who met the selection criteria between December 2019 and October 2022, was retrospectively analyzed. There were 7 males (8 feet) and 42 females (53 feet) with an average age of 38.0 years (range, 15-59 years), including 37 of unilateral foot and 12 of bilateral feet. There were 41 feet of moderate hallux valgus [hallux valgus angle (HVA) 20°-40°] and 10 feet of severe hallux valgus (HVA>40°). All patients underwent modified MICA osteotomy. A transverse osteotomy on the distal end of the first metatarsal bone was performed to replaced the traditional Chevron osteotomy, and three Kirschner wires were used to assist in three-dimensional correction. The other treatments were the same as traditional MICA osteotomy. The HVA, inter metatarsal angle (IMA), Hardy score of the sesamoid, and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score of 61 feet before operation and at last follow-up were recorded, and the results were compared between the various severity of hallux valgus. All patients were followed up 6-24 months with an average of 12.0 months. After operation, the redness and swelling around the incision occurred in 1 foot; limited mobility of the metatarsophalangeal joint occurred in 2 feet; mild numbness of the skin occurred in 5 feet; mild inversion of the great toe occurred in 2 feet. No complication such as tendon injury was found. X-ray films showed no abnormal healing, nonunion, or necrosis of the metatarsal head after osteotomy. The healing time of osteotomy ranged from 3 to 4 months, with an average of 3.2 months. At last follow-up, the HVA, IMA, Hardy score of sesamoid, and AOFAS scores all significantly improved when compared with preoperative levels ( P<0.05). The AOFAS scores were excellent in 45 feet, good in 15 feet, and fair in 1 foot, with an excellent and good rate of 98.4%. The above indicators for moderate or severe hallux valgus patients were significantly improved when compared with preoperative levels ( P<0.05). The changes between pre- and post-operation in HVA, IMA, and Hardy scores of severe hallux valgus were all greater than those of moderate hallux valgus, with significant difference in HVA change between groups ( P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the other two changes ( P>0.05). Modified MICA osteotomy can achieve good orthopedic effects and early functional improvement in the treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus.