Selected Search Terms Research Articles

The role of opioidergic genes in the treatment outcome of drug addiction pharmacotherapy: A systematic review.

Drug addiction is a serious illness with deleterious functional and social consequences for both the affected individuals, their families, and society at large. In spite of the abundant research on substance dependence, there are few effective treatments for this disease. Given the crucial role of the endogenous opioid system in the development and maintenance of substance abuse disorders, this review focuses on the opioidergic system and examines the role of opioidergic genes in the treatment outcome of pharmacotherapies of alcohol, opioid, and cocaine addiction. Scopus (all databases) and Pubmed were systematically searched with no language or year restrictions, up to July 2014, for studies that focused on the relationship between polymorphisms of opioidergic genes and the treatment outcome of pharmacotherapies of alcohol, opioid, and cocaine addictions. Selected search terms were opioid, gene, polymorphism, drug therapy, substance abuse, and response. The genetic variability of μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors genes OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1 modulates the efficacy of opioid antagonist treatments such as naltrexone and methadone, as well as the cocaine vaccine. Despite the number of promising reports, data from additional cohorts are needed to substantiate these findings. Gene variant profiling could help predict treatment response and assist in developing effective treatments for alcohol, opioid, and cocaine addiction.

A Literature Analysis of Themes in Paediatric Cochlear Implant Research

Research on children with cochlear implants (CI) has documented positive outcomes, but also that many still experience language delays. The aim of this article is to explore how research on children with cochlear implants cover topics of early language development compared to research on children with typical hearing and children with hearing impairment without CI. Published research in the period 1990-2013 on language development was analysed with respect to frequency of selected search terms reflecting different language acquisition themes among children with typical hearing, children with hearing impairment without CI, and children with CI, respectively. Results showed a relatively lower number of articles which included themes such as pre-verbal language (imitation, joint attention and gestures), extra lingual abilities (social interaction), and later language skills (semantic, syntactic, grammar and pragmatic) in research on children with cochlear implants compared to research in children with typical hearing. A need for more research with focus on pre-lingual themes in language acquisition is discussed.

Current understanding of safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy for discogenic pain—A systematic review of human studies

This study is a systematic review of human clinical studies of stem cell therapy for discogenic pain. To summarize the current human trials and feasibility studies involving mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for treatment of discogenic pain. A search of Ovid databases and Clinicaltrials.gov was conducted from inception through July 2016. We included human clinical trials and case reports that evaluated treatment with injected MSCs for patients with discogenic back pain. The outcomes of interest for published studies included pain score, Oswestry Disability Index, and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity indicative of water content of the nucleus pulposus. The initial search in Ovid databases using the selected search terms identified 408 results, of which 11 were included in this review based on selection criteria. This includes 6 completed studies and 5 ongoing clinical trials, 4 of which were confirmed active at the time of retrieval. In the 6 completed studies involving intradiscal stem cell injections, improvement in pain score, Oswestry Disability Index, and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity of nucleus pulposus were reported. Currently active clinical trials focus on establishing safety, tolerability, and efficacy with respect to injected MSCs for discogenic pain. Although pain and functional benefit have been reported in association with stem cell therapy, longer-term safety studies and more randomized controlled trials are needed to examine the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy for discogenic pain.

A Thyroid Case for Year-One Medical Students

OPEN ACCESSMay 1, 2014A Thyroid Case for Year-One Medical Students Dapinderjit Gill, MD, Mary Moore, PhD, Kal Winston, PhD, Niels Larsen, PhD, Aidi Yin, BMed, Diana Callender, DM, Valarie Thomas, DVM Dapinderjit Gill, MD Ross University School of Medicine Google Scholar More articles by this author , Mary Moore, PhD Ross University School of Medicine Google Scholar More articles by this author , Kal Winston, PhD Ross University School of Medicine Google Scholar More articles by this author , Niels Larsen, PhD Ross University School of Medicine Google Scholar More articles by this author , Aidi Yin, BMed Ross University School of Medicine Google Scholar More articles by this author , Diana Callender, DM Ross University School of Medicine Google Scholar More articles by this author , Valarie Thomas, DVM Ross University School of Medicine Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.9792 SectionsAbout ToolsDownload Citations ShareFacebookTwitterEmail AbstractAbstractDuring the first year of medical school, students are exposed to the thyroid in many different domains such as anatomy, histology, endocrinology, physiology, and pathology. In order to bring all the information from the multiple disciplines together, faculty from various departments designed a problem-based learning (PBL) case using a fictional patient with Graves' disease. The key element, taken from a PBL design, is that students work in small groups and identify (1) what they already know, (2) what they need to know and, (3) how and where to access new information to solve the problem. The case involves a fictional patient, named Dr. Oscarsson, who presents with thyrotoxicosis. The case is designed to run in groups of eight to nine students in three sessions with one facilitator. The first session is expected to last 1 hour, the second session 2 hours, and the third session 1 hour. During the first two sessions, the case information is progressively disclosed. During the third session, the epilogue and case objectives of the activity are distributed. Before starting this case, students must be introduced to the SGL process and the method of extracting relevant data, analysis of the data, creating hypotheses, and identifying learning issues which may arise from discussion. Students are asked to research the learning issues outside the session and return to the next session prepared to present their findings to the group. Among the issues raised in this case are issues of thyroid function, hyperthyroidism, autoimmune diseases, Graves' disease, treatment of Graves' disease, and use of evidence-based medicine. The facilitator version contains prompts which help facilitators guide students to particular learning goals. Educational Objectives By the end of this session, learners will be able to: Discuss histology and function of normal thyroid tissue.Discuss clinical presentation, causes, diagnostic tests, and treatments of hyperthyroidism.Discuss epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of Graves' disease.Identify the use of evidence-based medicine to guide choices of therapeutics as exemplified by the need to make an informed choice of treatment.Use evidence-based medicine skills to identify a research question, select appropriate search terms, access appropriate resources, appraise evidence found, and use evidence from articles to answer research questions.Identify the importance of the physician-patient relationship and relationship-centered care in negotiation of treatment and shared decision making. Sign up for the latest publications from MedEdPORTAL Add your email below FILES INCLUDEDReferencesRelatedDetails FILES INCLUDED Included in this publication: Instructors Guide.docx Assessment.docx Case Objectives.docx Description.docx Facilitator Notes.docx Facilitator Version.docx Student Version.docx To view all publication components, extract (i.e., unzip) them from the downloaded .zip file. Download editor’s noteThis publication may contain technology or a display format that is no longer in use. Copyright & Permissions© 2014 Gill et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license.KeywordsEvidence-Based MedicineProblem-Based LearningHyperthyroidismSmall-Group LearningThyrotoxicosisPBLThyroid GlandGraves' DiseaseSGL Disclosures None to report. Funding/Support None to report. Loading ...

Quality assessment of TPB-based questionnaires: a systematic review.

ObjectiveThis review is aimed at assessing the quality of questionnaires and their development process based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) change model.MethodsA systematic literature search for studies with the primary aim of TPB-based questionnaire development was conducted in relevant databases between 2002 and 2012 using selected search terms. Ten of 1,034 screened abstracts met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for methodological quality using two different appraisal tools: one for the overall methodological quality of each study and the other developed for the appraisal of the questionnaire content and development process. Both appraisal tools consisted of items regarding the likelihood of bias in each study and were eventually combined to give the overall quality score for each included study.Results8 of the 10 included studies showed low risk of bias in the overall quality assessment of each study, while 9 of the studies were of high quality based on the quality appraisal of questionnaire content and development process.ConclusionQuality appraisal of the questionnaires in the 10 reviewed studies was successfully conducted, highlighting the top problem areas (including: sample size estimation; inclusion of direct and indirect measures; and inclusion of questions on demographics) in the development of TPB-based questionnaires and the need for researchers to provide a more detailed account of their development process.

A systematic review of methods for studying consumer health YouTube videos, with implications for systematic reviews

Background. YouTube is an increasingly important medium for consumer health information – with content provided by healthcare professionals, government and non-government organizations, industry, and consumers themselves. It is a rapidly developing area of study for healthcare researchers. We examine the methods used in reviews of YouTube consumer health videos to identify trends and best practices.Methods and Materials. Published reviews of consumer-oriented health-related YouTube videos were identified through PubMed. Data extracted from these studies included type of journal, topic, characteristics of the search, methods of review including number of reviewers and method to achieve consensus between reviewers, inclusion and exclusion criteria, characteristics of the videos reported, ethical oversight, and follow-up.Results. Thirty-three studies were identified. Most were recent and published in specialty journals. Typically, these included more than 100 videos, and were examined by multiple reviewers. Most studies described characteristics of the videos, number of views, and sometime characteristics of the viewers. Accuracy of portrayal of the health issue under consideration was a common focus.Conclusion. Optimal transparency and reproducibility of studies of YouTube health-related videos can be achieved by following guidance designed for systematic review reporting, with attention to several elements specific to the video medium. Particularly when seeking to replicate consumer viewing behavior, investigators should consider the method used to select search terms, and use a snowballing rather than a sequential screening approach. Discontinuation protocols for online screening of relevance ranked search results is an area identified for further development.

Internet information on child oral health and the first dental visit

This study evaluated the available online information regarding a child's first dental visit (CFDV) and compares this with internationally recognized guidelines for the timing of CFDV. Online information regarding CFDV was searched using the Google search engine under the Australian domain for four selected search terms and limited to the first 50 results. The websites of selected professional dental associations were also investigated for recommended CFDV timing. Guidelines recommended the CFDV from when the first tooth erupts or by the age of one year. Information on timing for CFDV was available on the internet and consistent with recognized guidelines for almost half of the 157 sites examined. Information on CFDV was consistent with guidelines when mentioned in professional dental association and public (government and corporate) sites. Misinformation regarding CFDV was primarily associated with dental forums and sites owned by dental professionals. The three most popular topics of additional information included oral hygiene instruction, procedures for age-one CFDV and preparing the child for the CFDV. Internet information regarding a child's first dental visit was generally informative but not always in agreement with the recommendations of professional dental associations. Misinformation regarding CFDV was primarily associated with dental forums and dental professional owned sites.

Musical mnemonics in health science: A first look

Song, with its memory enhancement potential and ability to engage, has been employed as a learning tool in some academic settings. Of the countless learning environments, health science may seem the most atypical setting for the musical mnemonic, and yet it may be the most suitable for its application. With medicine's robust history of student-made mnemonics, it only seems natural that learners and instructors alike have begun to experiment with song meant to educate and entertain, primarily imparting them through popular media-sharing sites. This initial assessment of song in health science is meant to highlight notions of efficacy, audience, and use through an informal survey of 10 user-made YouTube musical mnemonics. Two of these mnemonics were co-created by the author, while the remaining eight were identified via select search terms and significant viewer numbers. Resulting YouTube data infers that instructors play a major role in the use of musical mnemonics in health science education. User comments indicate that some students have found value in mnemonic songs, helping them recall information during assessments. More robust research methods, like Q-method, meta-analysis, and opinion mining, can further confirm the value and role of musical mnemonics as they pertain to medicine and healthcare.

A Systematic Literature Review of the Situation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health–Children and Youth Version in Education

This article presents the outcome of a systematic literature review exploring the applicability of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and its Children and Youth version (ICF-CY) at various levels and in processes within the education systems in different countries. A systematic database search using selected search terms has been used. The selection of studies was then refined further using four protocols: inclusion and exclusion protocols at abstract and full text and extraction levels along with a quality protocol. Studies exploring the direct relationship between education and the ICF/ICF-CY were sought.As expected, the results show a strong presence of studies from English-speaking countries, namely from Europe and North America. The articles were mainly published in noneducational journals. The most used ICF/ICF-CY components are activity and participation, participation, and environmental factors. From the analysis of the papers included, the results show that the ICF/ICF-CY is currently used as a research tool, theoretical framework, and tool for implementing educational processes. The ICF/ICF-CY can provide a useful language to the education field where there is currently a lot of disparity in theoretical, praxis, and research issues. Although the systematic literature review does not report a high incidence of the use of the ICF/ICF-CY in education, the results show that the ICF/ICF-CY model and classification have potential to be applied in education systems.

Identifying nurse staffing research in Medline: development and testing of empirically derived search strategies with the PubMed interface

BackgroundThe identification of health services research in databases such as PubMed/Medline is a cumbersome task. This task becomes even more difficult if the field of interest involves the use of diverse methods and data sources, as is the case with nurse staffing research. This type of research investigates the association between nurse staffing parameters and nursing and patient outcomes. A comprehensively developed search strategy may help identify nurse staffing research in PubMed/Medline.MethodsA set of relevant references in PubMed/Medline was identified by means of three systematic reviews. This development set was used to detect candidate free-text and MeSH terms. The frequency of these terms was compared to a random sample from PubMed/Medline in order to identify terms specific to nurse staffing research, which were then used to develop a sensitive, precise and balanced search strategy. To determine their precision, the newly developed search strategies were tested against a) the pool of relevant references extracted from the systematic reviews, b) a reference set identified from an electronic journal screening, and c) a sample from PubMed/Medline. Finally, all newly developed strategies were compared to PubMed's Health Services Research Queries (PubMed's HSR Queries).ResultsThe sensitivities of the newly developed search strategies were almost 100% in all of the three test sets applied; precision ranged from 6.1% to 32.0%. PubMed's HSR queries were less sensitive (83.3% to 88.2%) than the new search strategies. Only minor differences in precision were found (5.0% to 32.0%).ConclusionsAs with other literature on health services research, nurse staffing studies are difficult to identify in PubMed/Medline. Depending on the purpose of the search, researchers can choose between high sensitivity and retrieval of a large number of references or high precision, i.e. and an increased risk of missing relevant references, respectively. More standardized terminology (e.g. by consistent use of the term "nurse staffing") could improve the precision of future searches in this field. Empirically selected search terms can help to develop effective search strategies. The high consistency between all test sets confirmed the validity of our approach.

Making a difference? Measuring the impact of an information literacy programme for pre‐registration nursing students in the UK

To investigate whether an information literacy programme for pre-registration nursing students at a UK higher education institution is effective in developing their skills and confidence: examines students' skill levels, factors affecting their confidence, and relationships between skills, confidence and demographic characteristics. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were used: pre- and post-tests to measure changes in students' skills and self-assessed confidence levels after two key sessions in their first semester (n = 29); semi-structured interviews to explore factors affecting confidence (n = 5). Findings demonstrated positive impacts on skills and confidence. Key areas of skill development included: identifying journal articles, selecting search terms and evaluating website quality. Factors affecting confidence included: successful 'mastery' experiences in searching for information and the programme itself, especially small-group sessions, handouts and staff support. Evidence on links between skills, confidence and demographic factors was inconclusive. The study demonstrated the programme's effectiveness and identified areas for development, including the need to help students understand the relative merits of search engines and other sources. Evidence has contributed to a change in departmental policy, making attendance at sessions mandatory. Further studies have been recommended.

Topic familiarity and its effects on term selection and browsing in a thesaurus‐enhanced search environment

PurposeTo evaluate the extent to which familiarity with search topics affects the ways in which users select and browse search terms in a thesaurus‐enhanced search setting.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental methodology was adopted to study users’ search behaviour in an operational information retrieval environment.FindingsTopic familiarity and subject knowledge influence some search and interaction behaviours. Searches involving moderately and very familiar topics were associated with browsing around twice as many thesaurus terms as was the case for unfamiliar topics.Research limitations/implicationsSome search behaviours such as thesaurus browsing and term selection could be used as an indication of user levels of topic familiarity.Practical implicationsThe results of this study provide design implications as to how to develop personalized search interfaces where users with varying levels of familiarity with search topics can carry out searches.Originality/valueThis paper establishes the importance of topic familiarity characteristics and the effects of those characteristics on users’ interaction with search interfaces enhanced with semantic tools such as thesauri.

EHPnet: Greener Education Materials for Chemists

Vol. 113, No. 11 EnvironewsOpen AccessEHPnet: Greener Education Materials for Chemists Erin E. Dooley Erin E. Dooley Search for more papers by this author Published:1 November 2005https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.113-a737AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Green chemistry aims in part to help clean up chemical processing by reducing or eliminating toxic elements from production and use. One university at the forefront of the movement is the University of Oregon, which has developed a website, Greener Education Materials for Chemists (GEMS), to educate teachers on introducing green chemistry concepts to their students. Although the site, located at http://greenchem.uoregon.edu/gems.html, currently contains only materials for university-level education, the developers hope to eventually include content for K–12 teachers.The site consists of a database of print resources, which visitors can search using free text or by selecting search terms from seven categories, including chemistry concepts, laboratory techniques, green chemistry principles, and chemistry sub-disciplines. Each item in the database has an overview that summarizes its content and its connection to green chemistry as well as contact information for the person that contributed the material to the database.The different types of material that are currently available on the site, which is partially funded by the National Science Foundation, include laboratory exercises, lecture materials, course syllabi, and multimedia content. To aid educators in determining which materials best suit their needs, threaded discussions will soon be included for each item. Here educators will be able to discuss how they integrated materials into their lesson plans and relate their success in using them.The site, unveiled in June 2005 at an American Chemical Society meeting, was developed by a partnership between the university’s Green Chemistry Group and Center for Educational Technologies. Students and high school teachers were involved in the design of the site, as were more than 100 college instructors who attended national green chemistry education workshops at the university. The site’s developers have provided information on the site advising people how to contribute material to the database. They are also looking for educators to evaluate materials, test laboratory procedures, and adapt content for varying age groups. The developers want the web-site to be as inclusive as possible so it can serve as many grade levels and subject areas as possible.A link to information about the university’s Green Chemistry Center is sited in the toolbar at the top of the homepage. Here visitors can find an overview of the program’s work in developing undergraduate green chemistry curricula, the history of the program, and media coverage. A description of Green Organic Chemistry: Tools, Strategies and Laboratory Experiments, a textbook/laboratory manual released in 2004 for the undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory, is available from this page as well.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Vol. 113, No. 11 November 2005Metrics About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 November 2005Published in print1 November 2005 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.

From translation to navigation of different discourses: A model of search term selection during the pre‐online stage of the search process

We propose a model of search term selection process based on our empirical study of professional searchers during the pre-online stage of the search process. The model characterizes the selection of search terms as the navigation of different discourses. Discourse refers to the way of talking and thinking about a certain topic; there often exists multiple, diverse discourses on the same topic. When selecting search terms, searchers appear to navigate a variety of discourses, i.e., they view the topic of a client's search request from the perspective of multiple discourse communities, and evaluate and synthesize differences and similarities among those discourses when selecting search terms. Six discourses emerged as sources of search terms in our study. These discourses are controlled vocabularies, documents and domains, the practice of indexing, clients' search requests, databases and the searchers' own search experience. Data further suggest that searchers navigate these discourses dynamically and have preferences for certain discourses. Conceptualizing the selection of search terms as a meeting place of different discourses provides new insights into the complex nature of the search term selection process. It emphasizes the multiplicity and complexity of the sources of search terms, the dynamic nature of the search term selection process, and the complex analysis and synthesis of differences and similarities among sources of search terms. It suggests that searchers may need to understand fundamental aspects of multiple discourses in order to select search terms.

From translation to navigation of different discourses: A model of search term selection during the pre-online stage of the search process

We propose a model of the search term selection process based on our empirical study of professional searchers during the pre-online stage of the search process. The model characterizes the selection of search terms as the navigation of different discourses. Discourse refers to the ways of talking and thinking about a certain topic; there often exists multiple, diverse discourses on the same topic. When selecting search terms, searchers appear to navigate a variety of discourses, i.e., they view the topic of a client's search request from the perspective of multiple discourse communities, and evaluate and synthesize differences and similarities among those discourses when selecting search terms. Six discourses emerged as sources of search terms in our study. These discourses are controlled vocabularies, documents and the domain, the practice of indexing, clients' search requests, databases, and the searchers' own search experience. Data further suggest that searchers navigate these discourses dynamically and have preferences for certain discourses. Conceptualizing the selection of search terms as a meeting place of different discourses provides new insights into the complex nature of the search term selection process. It emphasizes the multiplicity and complexity of sources of search terms, the dynamic nature of the search term selection process, and the complex analysis and synthesis of differences and similarities among sources of search terms. It suggests that searchers may need to understand fundamental aspects of multiple discourses in order to select search terms. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.