Selection Of Building Materials Research Articles

Selection of Building Materials Using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process

Introduction Building materials play a vital role in the construction industry as they are directly related to quality, cost, constructability, and location-specific availability of material and skill. Selection of building materials is critical when there are too many alternatives. Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques are widely used to make such decisions simpler. For accurate decision-making, the selection of the appropriate MCDM method is very important. Most of the researchers used TOPSIS or AHP as MCDM techniques for decision-making in the construction industry. Methods In the present study, the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used as an MCDM technique. The criteria and alternatives were identified for decision-making. The alternatives selected were locations specific to Hanamkonda, Telangana state, India. The criteria and alternatives were chosen for the building materials like cement, bricks, sand, doors, pipes, and tiles. The weights were calculated for each alternative fuzzy AHP geometric mean method. The weights of alternatives were evaluated and ranked. Results The best materials for cement, bricks, sand, doors, pipes, and tiles were Portland pozzolana, burnt clay bricks, river sand, UPVC, UPVC/CPVC, and marble, respectively. Conclusion Thus, building materials can be selected using fuzzy AHP by the client for the successful execution of a project based on his/her preferences and the location of that project.

Selection of Building Materials Using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process

Selection of Building Materials Using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process

Simulation Training Using DIALux Evo Software for Estimation of Visual Comfort Level of a Building

This community outreach aims to conduct simulation training using DIALux Evo to estimate the visual comfort level in a room. Visual comfort is a crucial aspect of building design and management that can impact the occupant’s health, comfort, and productivity. However, it is often challenging for interior designers to accurately estimate the level of visual comfort. This activity involves the application of simulation technology using DIALux Evo. Participants will be provided with knowledge and skills in operating this software, covering tasks from designing rooms, placing objects, selecting building materials, and choosing artificial lighting, to analyzing, and visualizing the lighting level in a room, also will study SNI related to visual comfort. The program’s outcomes provide participants with the knowledge and skills to use DIALux Evo in estimating the visual comfort level before implementation. Finally, they can optimize space design, ensure appropriate lighting quality, and enhance the occupant’s comfort and health.

SM-BIM: A NEW CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION-MAKING PROCESS BASED ON SMART MATERIALS AND BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING

ABSTRACT Because the construction sector exerts a considerable environmental effect, especially on building materials, a growing interest in environmental design and construction has emerged. The United Nations has set sustainable development goals (SDGs) for 2030 to protect the environment, including energy conservation and doubling the global rate of improving energy efficiency, because building materials significantly affect energy consumption. Thus, building-material selection at the initial design phase is critical, and random selection of building materials often involves subjectivity, uncertainty, and ambiguity. This process costs time and resources while resulting in the inefficient environmental performance of buildings. Therefore, this study proposes the use of building-information modeling (BIM) as a tool because of its importance in attaining sustainability to aid in the selection process of smart materials (SMs) based on specified criteria and make the selection process faster and more accurate. This method is accomplished through a theoretical study of SMs and using a conceptual framework through four phases for multicriteria decision-making to improve energy efficiency and reduce the energy consumption of buildings. To pursue SDG 7, a theoretical and deductive approach is used.

Determining the importance levels of criteria in selection of sustainable building materials and obstacles in their use

The construction industry has become the focal point of sustainability as one of the largest con- sumers of natural resources and waste producers. A sustainable construction industry is possible with the sustainability of building materials, which is the main factor controlling the construc- tion management process. In this research, the importance levels of a total of 17 criteria under the headings of economic, environmental, and social sustainability in terms of sustainability of building materials and the importance levels of 11 obstacles to the use of sustainable materials were investigated through a survey conducted with the participation of 60 people. Whether there were differences between the participants’ opinions was investigated through inferential analysis. In ranking criteria according to their importance level, the health of workers and cit- izens, safety in construction and operation, and toxic emissions took the first three places. The risks of higher initial cost, total cost, and extra time are the biggest obstacles to using sustainable materials. In addition, the obstacles were subjected to factor analysis, and a model consisting of four factors was created. The study revealed the criteria for sustainable material selection and the barriers to sustainable material use in a holistic manner. In this respect, it is evaluated that it will be a guide for governments, local governments, building material manufacturers, designers, contractors, and ultimately users to achieve a more sustainable construction sector.

A discussion on the application of green building materials in the renovation of buildings

With the continuous improvement of peoples living standards, enhancing living conditions has gradually become a consensus for many. In addition to choosing new construction, the renovation of some old buildings has also gradually become a topic of discussion. In the process of building renovation, the selection of building materials has become a general concern. Green building materials are gradually entering the public eye, and green buildings have become a widely favored type of construction. The use of green building materials has become a trend. This paper, through introducing the concept, necessity, and characteristic advantages of green building materials, takes the example of the renovation design of an expert reception center to explore the feasibility of using green building materials in six aspects: building doors and windows, energy-saving glass, building walls, building insulation materials, decorative materials, and wood structure materials.

Optimizing building material selection: A machine learning approach for efficient concrete compressive strength forecasting

Price changes in construction materials have a significant impact on building construction projects. Such price variations occur at random and at varying rates over time. A system that can estimate the magnitude and quantity of the change in material prices with reasonable accuracy is required. The primary goal is to create a machine-learning model that can predict the type of building material chosen based on environmental factors. The compressive strength of concrete is critical in defining its mechanical qualities. Long laboratory testing is needed to determine the compressive strength of concrete. The capacity of powerful machine learning algorithms to forecast concrete compressive strength speeds up these lengthy experimental methods while also lowering expenses. This study provides abilities to precisely anticipate and categorize numerous qualities and traits of distinct materials. The framework includes a broad dataset that details materials, composition, and performance characteristics. Machine learning algorithms such as logistic regression (LR), decision trees (DT), and random forests (RF) train models on the training data. The models are hyper-parameter tweaked and feature developed to achieve the most outstanding performance. The k-fold method is used throughout the training and assessment phase to guarantee robustness and reduce bias. The F1 score and Receiver Operating Characteristic-Area Under Curve (ROC-AUC) curve are two performance measures used to measure how accurate and predictive the trained models are. The study findings provide insights into the qualities of the materials, facilitating improved material selection, quality assurance, and decision-making in the building sector. In the analyses, the best accuracy value was 99.92%, and the precision value was 88.83% using the LR algorithm. As a result, it was determined that the LR algorithm had the least execution 57.826 ms, and is thus the most suitable for use in concrete compressive strength estimation.

The Possibilities of the Actual Orientation of the Green Building in Iraq

This research covers the zone between Iraq and Iran. The first investigated region is the 'Mesopotamian Marshes' or Iraqi-Iran Marshes, it's a wetland zone located in southern Iraq and partly in southwestern Iran. The other region is a desert district which includes a prominent part of the southern and western parts of Iraq and part of Iran. The last is the center city of Basra. The building materials were the most important building element that affected the conformation of vernacular habitats In this study, we needed to focus on the effects of ecological and energy-efficiency processes in creating vernacular habitats and the selection of optimal building systems and materials in this part of the world which can be an essential point for sustainable environmental building processes in the future. Reeds, clay, straw, bricks, and wood were the most popular building materials used by builders from this region. The impact of building material on the environment embodies the essential method implicitly significant in this research to effectively determine traditional building materials in the environment in addition to comparative analysis which presents an essential factor of our analysis in addition to the impact of environments on building systems. The main target of this study is to benefit designers and building engineers in their pursuit to find optimal and competent solutions suitable for specific local microclimates using traditional methods in the design process that are sustainable and ecological.

The Possibilities of the Actual Orientation of the Green Building in Iraq

This research covers the zone between Iraq and Iran. The first investigated region is the 'Mesopotamian Marshes' or Iraqi-Iran Marshes, it's a wetland zone located in southern Iraq and partly in southwestern Iran. The other region is a desert district which includes a prominent part of the southern and western parts of Iraq and part of Iran. The last is the center city of Basra. The building materials were the most important building element that affected the conformation of vernacular habitats In this study, we needed to focus on the effects of ecological and energy-efficiency processes in creating vernacular habitats and the selection of optimal building systems and materials in this part of the world which can be an essential point for sustainable environmental building processes in the future. Reeds, clay, straw, bricks, and wood were the most popular building materials used by builders from this region. The impact of building material on the environment embodies the essential method implicitly significant in this research to effectively determine traditional building materials in the environment in addition to comparative analysis which presents an essential factor of our analysis in addition to the impact of environments on building systems. The main target of this study is to benefit designers and building engineers in their pursuit to find optimal and competent solutions suitable for specific local microclimates using traditional methods in the design process that are sustainable and ecological.

Envelope Building Material Selection for Arid Climate with a Specific Maintainability - Design Approach: A Case Study on Governmental Office Building

Envelope Building Material Selection for Arid Climate with a Specific Maintainability - Design Approach: A Case Study on Governmental Office Building

Application of Soy Wax Phase Change Material as Thermal Energy Storage in Wall Building

High solar radiation in the tropics area buildings and inappropriate selection of building materials cause an increase in room temperature which interferes with thermal comfort. This study aims to reduce the absorption of heat received in the building with the modification of building walls by adding Phase Change Material (PCM) as Thermal Energy Storage (TES). Soy wax is an organic PCM that is abundant in Indonesia, cheap, and has a melting point of 43.92°C and a freezing point of 38.49°C, which are the range of solar heat radiation in buildings. The application of soy wax on the walls of the building is carried out using a prototype room 80x105x60 cm made of Plywood with a 1 cm thickness of soy wax in the middle of the wall. The test was carried out by comparing the prototype without and with a layer of soy wax pack on the wall. Based on the tests carried out for 24 hours, it was found that the addition of soy wax on the prototype wall can decrease the room temperature to 37°C from 41°C during the day. The use of soy wax can absorb the heat received by the building by 10% at peak load and has a small heat transfer rate of 15.56 W so the heat transferred into the room is small. Soy wax walls function as insulators on the walls and can withstand heat absorbed from outside the building so that it is not completely transferred into the room.

SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS IN CONSTRUCTION

The construction industry is one of the largest exploiters of both renewable and non- renewable natural resources. It was inevitable that it would find itself at the centre of concerns regarding environmental impact. The process and operation of building construction consumes a great deal of materials throughout its service life cycle. The selection and use of sustainable building materials play an important role in the design and construction of green building. This chapter sets out to present an overview of sustainable building materials and their impacts on the environment. Materials used for the structure of buildings require properties of strength, whereas other parts, such as the envelope, are selected for their insulation or aesthetic properties. Comparisons become more complex when materials perform more than one function such as load-bearing walls that provide good thermal insulation. There is also a need to distinguish between finite resources and renewable resources when reviewing the sustainability of a material. Some materials, despite being non-renewable may be considered plentiful on earth; however, the consequences and impacts of mining them may be considered unacceptable. The effect of construction material selection will impact upon sustainability throughout the lifetime of both the material and that of the building itself. The need to maintain the building, replacing individual components, disposing of the old, and procuring the new will have environmental impact from cradle to grave. Keywords: Sustainable material, concrete, maintain, selection, renewable resource

Experimental evaluation of combustion performance in the three main anatomical sections of poplar wood

ABSTRACT The interrelationship and organization between the axial and transversal systems gives rise to three main views, namely cross, radial and tangential sections. This study investigated the differences in combustion properties of the three main anatomical sections of poplar wood and explains the reasons for the differences regarding wood microstructure, pore structure, heat conduction, and microstructure after heat treatment. The thermal conductivity of poplar wood in the cross-section (Wood-CS) was 0.1864 W/m. K, exceeding those of the radial (Wood-RS) and tangential sections (Wood-TS) by 47% and 38%, respectively. In the cone calorimeter test (CC), the peak heat-release rate (pHRR) of Wood-CS samples was 92% and 73% higher than those of the Wood-RS and Wood-TS samples, respectively. This is attributed to the differences in microstructures and the occurrence of macropores in different anatomical sections. This study explored the combustion performance and mechanisms of wood samples in the three main sections, providing crucial theoretical insights for flame retardant impregnation levels in treating wood and aiding in the selection of fire-resistant wood-based building materials.

Efisiensi Energi Berkelanjutan: Strategi Desain dan Perhitungan Optimalisasi Efisiensi Energi pada Selubung Bangunan

Global warming is an increase in the temperature of the Earth's surface over the last few decades. Building energy consumption is the number two contributor to global warming. About 5-13% of the energy consumed during construction and the remaining 87-95% occur during the lifetime of a building, mainly for heating, cooling, and lighting purposes. This requires the selection of building materials that are certified green or environmentally friendly to help reduce energy consumption. The aim of this study is to evaluate the energy efficiency of a variety of designs of the building cover best in the glass protector as a building wall material. The research method uses comparative research that involves comparing energy efficiency between 4 different designs and materials with the calculation of OTTV on the facade of the building. Overal Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) is a design parameter used to measure the level of energy efficiency of a building in reducing the heat from sunlight entering through walls and roofs. The results of the study showed massive walls with a 0.8 m high parapet and 1.2 m sharpening (Aluminum 4 mm with semi-flash white paint + 30 mm airspace + 150 mm precast concrete), along with window walls using the Stopray Vision 52 T (8 mm (#2) +12 mm Anti-Shatter+6 mm Clear Glass) and horizontal shading as high as 0.4 m, as well as openings with a configuration of 8 mm (No2) + 12 mm anti-shatter + 6 mm Clear glass, showing that the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) reached its peak with a 29% decrease from the standard value. It states the combination of these elements provides optimal thermal performance, minimizing overall heat transfer.

An investigation of indoor thermal environment of wooden school building (Case study of SDN 14 Pontianak)

A thermal environment is an affecting factor toward students’ comfort and health at school. One thing that gives an impact on the thermal environment is the selection of building materials, which is influenced by the thermal mass. The use of wooden materials has high potency in reducing global warming and supporting increased thermal comfort. This study aims to explain the inspection result of the school building which has 2 types of buildings, namely the wooden building and the concrete building. The purpose is to find out how the thermal environment is formed in the classrooms in those two buildings and the potential of wood materials. This study used a field measurement method where the case study building was SDN 14 Pontianak. The obtained result indicated that the air temperature variable showed the same phenomenon at each measurement time. The air temperature in the wooden building was always lower compared to the air temperature in the classroom of the concrete building, where the difference reached 2,68 °C. The other variable showed varied phenomena so a general conclusion could not be drawn. It might be affected by other aspects which were not calculated in this measurement.

A Comparative Analysis of Design Criteria Influencing Building Material Selection Across Different Architectural Contexts

A Comparative Analysis of Design Criteria Influencing Building Material Selection Across Different Architectural Contexts

Is poor air quality in day-care centres’ affecting our children’s health? A study of indoor air quality in childcare facilities located in Perth, Western Australia

Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) can adversely affect children’s health; however, limited studies have quantified indoor air pollutants in day-care centres (DCCs) where infants and young children are increasingly spending more time from a younger age. The aim of this study was to investigate seasonal IAQ in Western Australian childcare facilities at both heavy traffic and low traffic locations. In 22 centres, total volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide, particulate matter (PM) measured in six size fractions (total PM, PM10, PM4, PM2.5, PM1, ultrafine particles), and meteorological parameters (temperature and relative humidity), were continuously sampled over a 24-h period, in the cold season and repeated in the warm season. All contaminants (other than formaldehyde) in the summer and/or winter collections, or averaged over both seasons, were found to be above contemporary air quality standards, guidelines, best practice statements, or other available guidelines developed to protect human health. Furthermore, all contaminants were present at higher concentrations indoors where a DCC was located within 100 m of a heavy traffic roadway. The findings of this study suggest that children who attend these facilities on a regular basis may be chronically exposed to a range of health damaging contaminants during critical stages of their development. The findings support the need for measures to reduce concentrations of air pollutants in DCCs. Preventative actions such as attention to DCC siting, selection of appropriate building materials and furnishings, improvement in ventilation, and usage of ‘green’ cleaning products should be considered to reduce children’s exposures to harmful airborne contaminants.

A probabilistic life-cycle assessment of carbon emission from magnesium phosphate cementitious material with uncertainty analysis

This study aims to quantify the carbon emission intensity of magnesium phosphate cementitious materials to explore its potential in carbon emission reduction. However, comprehensive research on the lifecycle carbon emissions of these materials remains scarce, plagued by issues of data uncertainty, accessibility, and scoping discrepancies. Therefore, a probabilistic lifecycle assessment approach was adopted in this study, enabling uncertainty analysis of the carbon emission intensity of magnesium phosphate cementitious materials. The findings indicate that the 10.5th percentile of the carbon emission intensity simulations for MPC stands at 0.624 kgCO2e/kg, suggesting that nearly 90% of the values surpass those of OPC, thereby refuting the presumption of its low-carbon attributes. Notably, the consumption and carbon emission factors of magnesium oxide and soluble phosphates emerge as pivotal influences on its carbon emissions. Additionally, a multiple linear regression model was employed to forecast the correlation between the constituents of magnesium phosphate cementitious materials and the volume of carbon emissions. Through this study, we can have a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental performance of magnesium phosphate cementitious materials in terms of carbon emission reduction, which will provide an important support for the selection and design of future green building materials.

Examining Occupant-Comfort Responses to Indoor Humidity Ratio in Conventional and Vernacular Dwellings: A Rural Indian Case Study

Optimum indoor humidity is often associated with comfort and overall well-being. Occupant comfort is often evaluated with a focus on “thermal comfort” using the PMV (predicted mean vote), PDD (predicted percentage of dissatisfied), and adaptive thermal comfort models. Humidity-determined comfort parameters, like skin and respiratory comfort, are well acknowledged in the scientific community, but strangely not considered for indoor comfort computations. This study proposes a new computational approach for describing and evaluating humidity-related skin comfort in buildings using skin temperature, evaporative loss, and skin wettedness as critical parameters. The Development and validation of the computational model was demonstrated through a case study in a rural Indian context. The case study involves real-time monitoring of indoor environmental parameters and humidity-determined occupant comfort votes recorded through a novel aggregated humidity comfort vote method. The simulation results were compared with the community comfort/health survey. It was observed that, even at neutral skin temperatures, an increase in skin wettedness increases the thermal sensation vote. Clothing varies according to gender, community, and personal preferences, influencing physiological parameters which determine comfort. The acceptable humidity ratio was found to be in the range of 17.4 to 22.6 g-wv/kg-da for Indian participants. Including humidity-related comfort parameters in building simulation tools would aid in selecting building materials for improved indoor comfort.

Non-engineering house damage after the February 25th, 2022 West Pasaman Earthquake

The earthquake that occurred on February 25, 2022 with a magnitude of M6.2 in West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatera has resulted in many losses such as casualties and damages to infrastructure, especially residential buildings. To determine the level of damage to community houses due to the earthquake, a rapid visual assessment survey was conducted with the National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB) and 100 Civil Engineering students. The Method used in this survey is based on the Public Work Minister Regulation, which categorizes the damaged houses into 3 categories, namely light, moderate and heavy damage. Based on the results of the assessment, the damage generally occurred on the walls and structural elements of the houses. The damages is caused by human error factors such as lack of planning, poor construction implementation, site selection and selection of quality building materials that were not in accordance with earthquake safe house building standards. One of the efforts to overcome the problem of the damage is to strengthen the house using a ferrocement layer. The level of buildings damage based on the distance from the earthquake center and the implementation of retrofitting on the damaged houses are also discussed in this paper.