Selected Teaching Hospitals Research Articles

Compliance with care standards and professional knowledge of operating theatre personnel before, during and after laparoscopic bariatric surgery: A study in public hospitals in Iran.

By adhering to care standards, many adverse outcomes for patients, such as pressure injuries, tissue necrosis and patient falls, can be prevented. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of compliance with care standards before, during and after various types of bariatric surgeries. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the operating theatres of selected teaching hospitals in Isfahan (Iran). The study sample consisted of all operating theatre personnel in the selected teaching hospitals who met the inclusion criteria. Compliance with care standards was measured using a researcher-developed checklist. A researcher-developed questionnaire with 43 true/false questions was used to evaluate the operating theatre personnel's professional knowledge. The data were analysed using SPSS version 20 and descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean score of adherence to care standards and the mean score of professional knowledge of operating theatre personnel regarding care of laparoscopic bariatric surgery were 78.35 ± 9.49 and 29.45 ± 6.17, respectively. There is no significant relationship between these two variables, with a two-tailed significance (Sig.) of 0.056 and a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.199. In general, it can be concluded that the specific knowledge of the local operating theatre personnel regarding minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery care is at an intermediate level. Requirements for training in this area were therefore successfully identified. In addition, not all operating theatre personnel adhere to the standards of care for patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. This non-adherence could be due to insufficient training or the absence of established standards in hospitals.

Prevalence and associated factors of preoperative abnormal electrocardiography among older surgical patients in southern Ethiopia: Multicenter cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe prevalence of abnormal electrocardiography (ECG) increases with aging, and these abnormalities may have an impact on anesthesia management. Although a normal ECG does not guarantee a healthy heart, an abnormal ECG can quickly identify a patient who is at high risk of cardiac complications.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of preoperative abnormal electrocardiography among older surgical patients at selected teaching hospitals in southern Ethiopia, from February 15 to June 15, 2022.MethodologyA multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted at three randomly selected teaching hospitals in southern Ethiopia on 246 elderly surgical patients recruited consecutively. Data were entered into Epidata version 4.6, then exported and analyzed in STATA version 16. A binary logistic regression model was used to examine factors associated with abnormal ECG, and variables with a P-value < 0.2 were entered into the multivariate analysis to identify independent factors. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios were reported, and a P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The data were presented using frequencies, tables, charts, and figures.ResultIn the current study, 120 (48.78%) of older surgical patients had abnormal preoperative ECGs. In terms of severity, 55.3% were classified as minor, while 44.16% were major ECG abnormalities. The most common ECG abnormalities were left axis deviation (LAD), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and ST segment changes. The presence of comorbidity (AOR = 3.44, P = 0.001), age ≥ 70 years (AOR = 2.5, P = 0.011), history of angina (AOR = 5.9, P = 0.011), history of smoking (AOR = 5.07, P = 0.024) and urban residency (AOR = 1.89, P = 0.039) were the strongest risk factors for an abnormal ECG.Conclusion and recommendationOur study shows that older patients are more likely to have an abnormal ECG before surgery, regardless of symptoms or risk factors. Therefore, it is suggested that all older patients undergo preoperative ECG screening. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to investigate the impact and outcome of patients with preoperative abnormal ECG.

Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Antimicrobial Drug Use and Antimicrobial Resistance Among Patients Admitted to Medical Wards of a Selected Teaching Hospital in Colombo, Sri Lanka

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global public health threat. The rising levels of resistance negatively impact healthcare costs, hospital stays, and mortality rates. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and attitudes regarding antimicrobial drug usage and AMR among patients admitted to the medical wards of Colombo South Teaching Hospital.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. An interviewer-administered questionnaire, developed based on similar studies, was used. The sample consisted of 231 patients selected via convenience sampling. Patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score below 15 or altered levels of consciousness or abnormal behavior were excluded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, with a significance level set at p&lt;0.05.Results: Approximately 52.4% of participants had poor knowledge about antimicrobial usage. Among 195 respondents who had taken antibiotics, 82.7% received them through a prescription, while 27.3% of them are regularly using antibiotics without a prescription. A significant 42.9% were unaware of the term "antimicrobial resistance," although 50.2% recognized it as a global health issue. Only 28.71% of participants had a positive attitude towards antimicrobial usage, but 87.5% demonstrated a good attitude towards AMR. About 54.5% perceived they used antimicrobial drugs rationally.Conclusions: While half of the participants exhibited poor knowledge and attitudes toward antimicrobial drug usage, the majority had a positive attitude toward AMR. Educational programs targeting all societal levels, including school children, are essential to improve public health knowledge.

Serological diagnosis of Toxocara canis in mothers and their neonate referred to selected teaching hospitals, Tehran, Iran, 2020.

Toxocariasis is a common zoonotic parasitic disease, primarily caused by the larvae of Toxocara canis or T. cati. Humans become infected through accidental ingestion of infective eggs in soil contaminated with feces of infected animals, or by consuming undercooked meat from paratenic hosts harboring Toxocara larvae. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxocara spp. in 250 mothers and their 250 neonates referred to selected teaching hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2020. Data were recorded using a specialized questionnaire, and serum and peripheral blood smears (for eosinophil count) were collected. Serum samples were tested using the ELISA serological test for IgG antibodies against Toxocara spp. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 21.0. A chi-square test was performed, and a P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among the 500 participants, 24 cases (4.8%) tested positive for anti-Toxocara canis IgG antibodies. Seropositive cases included 6 mothers only (25%), 6 neonates only (25%), and 12 cases both mother and their neonate (50%). Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies and hospital type and nationality (P value < 0.05). However, no significant relationship was found between the presence of antibodies and other demographic variables such as age, sex, eosinophilia, and history of contact with animals in mothers and their neonates (P value > 0.05). This study indicates a substantial rate Toxocara infection in mothers and neonates, necessitating appropriate preventive measures by the relevant authorities.

Availability of antidotes for drug poisonings and doctors’ perspectives thereof

Drug poisoning is an important area of study in South Africa as a treatable cause of mortality. While research has been conducted on poisoning, there is a paucity of literature on the availability of antidotes in South Africa. The objectives of this study were to assess the availability of antidotes in selected teaching hospitals in the Southern Gauteng City-Region and to explore doctors’ experiences of antidote supply. The availability of antidotes in the emergency departments (EDs) and pharmacies was assessed and recorded using a data sheet that was completed in person at each of the teaching hospitals. A questionnaire exploring experiences of antidote supply was distributed to 126 doctors working in the EDs. Our results indicate that N-acetylcysteine, atropine, diazepam, clonazepam, sodium bicarbonate, vitamin K, calcium gluconate, naloxone, ethanol, and pyridoxine were present in all EDs; activated charcoal was present in 80%; lorazepam, glycopyrrolate, and calcium chloride in 60%; freeze-dried plasma in 40%; glucagon and desferrioxamine in 20%; and fresh frozen plasma, hydroxocobalamin, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, sodium calcium edetate, and intralipid were not present in any of the EDs. Doctors reported organophosphate poisoning and paracetamol overdose as the most common drug poisonings (81.7% and 14.3% of 126 respondents, respectively). Most doctors experienced no supply issues for N-acetylcysteine, calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, or pyridoxine (85.7%, 83.3%, 87.3%, and 75.4% of 126 respondents, respectively). The antidotes to the most common poisonings reported by doctors were present in all EDs. However, concerns were raised about consistency of supply, which will be an important avenue for further research.

Factors Militating Against Family Caregivers on Cancer Patients Health in Selected Teaching Hospitals in Ogbomoso Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

Introduction: Cancer is gradually becoming a chronic disease, which brings important needs and difficulties to both patients and caregivers. Objective: The study examines factors militating against family caregivers on cancer patients health in selected teaching hospitals in Ogbomoso area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Both questionnaire and interviewed techniques were used for data collection from 120 respondents chosen through stratified sampling techniques. In analyzing the data, logit regression model was employed in addition to conventional descriptive statistics such as tables, frequency distribution and percentages. Results: The result of regression model has coefficient of five (5) variables that were statistically significant at 1%, and 5% probability levels. The results revealed that variables with positive signs indicate that the chances of factors militating against family caregivers on cancer patients health increase with education (2.15), social support (2.76), communication, (2.67), and financial support (4.92) whereas, variables with negative sign indicates that the chances of factor militating against family caregivers on cancer patients health decreases with socio-cultural beliefs (-2.64). Conclusion: It identified that factors militating against family caregivers on cancer patients health strongly influenced by gender, age, education, marital status and religion. Hence, recommendation was made that regular systemic assessment of effects of caregiving and shared care responsibility among family members to provide a respite for a particular caregiver.

Analysis of Cesarean Section Causes Using Robson’s Ten Group Classification System in Selected Hospitals Affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Robson’s Ten Group Classification System (RTGCS) is widely used to evaluate, monitor, and compare cesarean delivery (CD) rates within and between delivery service centers. This study aimed to investigate the causes of CD in Shiraz teaching hospitals using RTGCS. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on 1787 pregnant women who underwent CD in selected teaching hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, was selected via convenience sampling within 3 months. The data collection tool was a demographic, midwifery, and fertility information questionnaire completed through interviews and medical records. Subjects’ classification was performed based on midwifery concepts and parameters described in RTGCS. The Robson's 10-group classification is based on simple obstetrical parameters (parity, previous CS, gestational age, onset of labour, fetal presentation, and number of fetuses). Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive tests were used to describe the data. Results: Of the 1787 subjects, 455 (25.5%) had planned CS and 1332 (74.5%) had emergency CS. The most common causes of CD were previous CD (58.6%) and fetal distress (27.6%). Overall, 823 (46.1%) had fetal and placental causes, 1268 (71%) had uterine causes, and 78 (4.4%) had maternal causes. Conclusion: The biggest factors that played a role in the CD rate in the present study were termed multipara women with a history of previous CD. The CD rate and the overall size of this group are still increasing, and as a result, women with a history of a previous CD must be motivated more effectively to have a vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC).

Doctor’s Communication Skills and Mode of Communication as Determinants of Quality Patient Care Management in Two Selected Teaching Hospitals in Southwest Nigeria

Quality patient care management is a systematic way to measuring, recording, monitoring, and continually improving efficiency, accessibility to high-quality healthcare, and patient satisfaction. Doctors in the teaching hospitals are at the center of research activities since intense patient care management are usually carried out by them. Previous studies have found that doctors seem not to be working towards quality patient care management in their teaching hospitals which could largely be attributed to certain factors such as doctor’s communication skills and doctors’ mode of communication. Using descriptive research design of the correlational type, the population comprised 658 doctors in two teaching hospitals namely Ekiti State University teaching hospital (EKSUTH) and OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL (OAUTHC). Two stage stratified sampling technique (proportional type) was used to select samples from the population of the three doctors cadre in the two selected teaching hospitals. A sample fraction of 3/10 was used across all the cadre to get a total size of 197 for both selected teaching hospitals. A self-structured questionnaire comprising five sections was validated. Out of the 197 copies of the questionnaire administered, 187 representing 94.9% were retrieved and used for analysis. Descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentages and means were used to analyze the research questions, while correlation and regression were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. There is positive weak relationship between doctors’ communication skills and quality patient care management (r = 0.357, p&lt; 0.05). Doctors’ communication skills, and doctors mode of communication play vital roles in quality patient care management. Associations have been identified between these factors and quality patient care management. It is established by the study that doctors’ communication skills and modes monotonically influenced quality patient care management. Doctors’ communication skills and modes of doctor’s communication has positive effect while no effect on the quality of patient care management. Therefore, it is recommended that the hospital should channel more efforts and resources to improve the standard of communication skills of the doctors.

Psychometric properties of End Stage Renal Disease-Adherence Questionnaire-Sinhalese version among patients receiving haemodialysis.

The chronic kidney disease is a leading public health concern, particularly in low-to middle-income countries, while the number of patients receiving haemodialysis is rapidly increasing. Adherence to a complex treatment regimen is vital for those patients on maintenance haemodialysis though the precise evaluation is reported inadequately. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of Sinhalese version of End Stage Renal Disease-Adherence Questionnaire (SINESRD-AQ) to assess treatment adherence behaviour among patients receiving haemodialysis in a Sri Lankan hospital. The cultural adaptation of ESRD-AQ involved forward and back translation, expert committee consolidation and pretesting among patients (n = 10). Face and content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated using a modified Delphi technique. Construct validity of the subscales of SINESRD-AQ was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A descriptive cross-sectional study among a consecutive sample of 150 patients receiving haemodialysis in a selected Teaching hospital, Sri Lanka was involved in performing CFA. Reliability was confirmed with test-retest reliability. Excellent face and content validity were reported with Item level content validity index (0.83-1.0), Average Item level content validity index for whole scale (0.93), Item level content validity ratio (0.67-1.0) and modified kappa statistic coefficient (0.81-1.0). CFA of two subscales demonstrated better indices closure to the model fit with five- item two factor model for direct adherence behaviour subscale and eight-item two factor model for attitude/perception subscale. The intra class correlation coefficient of 0.837 (p<0.001) and 0.752 (p<0.001) indicated acceptable test-retest reliability of direct adherence behaviour and attitude/perception subscale respectively. The study confirmed SINESRD-AQ as a valid and reliable measure which enables periodic assessment of treatment adherence behaviour of the patients receiving haemodialysis in a Sri Lankan hospital.

Assessing Strategic Thinking and Teaching Hospital Performance Post-Pandemic: A Survey from Nigeria

The post-pandemic business landscape in Africa is characterized by organizational non-performance, employee attrition, lack of resilience, and strategic thinking in recent times. It continues to generate public discussion, concerns, and scientific interest because of its negative impacts. The coronavirus pandemic has also heightened these concerns; though, organizations continue to grapple for ways to improve performance. However inadequate strategic thinking is prevalent and has not received adequate attention post-pandemic, particularly in Nigeria the giant of Africa owning to the population. Therefore, this study aims to determine the association between strategic thinking and the long-term performance of organizations in Nigeria with a representative sample of selected teaching hospitals in Ogun State Nigeria. This is due to the peculiarity of teaching hospitals to live and well-being and the peculiar erratic business environment in Nigeria. The investigation utilized a survey research design comprising 339 medical doctors (Registrars, Senior Registrars, and Consultants) from teaching hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria. The technique of total enumeration was used. A validated semi-structured questionnaire was utilized to collect data for the study. The constructs' Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients ranged from 0.88 to 0.92. The rate of response was 93.8%. For the analysis of the data descriptive and inferential statistics were employed (Pearson product-moment correlation and regression analysis). The data analysis revealed that strategic thinking had a significant positive effect on the organizational performance of teaching hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria (Adj. R2 = 0.051, F(4, 313) = 5.295, p &lt; 0.05). The study concluded that strategic thinking affects the organizational performance of teaching hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria, and can ensure long-term survival. Due to the correlation between strategic thinking and organizational performance, it is recommended that organizations adopt strategic thinking and ensure that they comprehend its significance to organizational performance. Strategic thinking can be a solution for hospital organizations to remain resilient in uncertain times.

Exploring the barriers to Registered Nurses undertaking clinical teaching in clinical settings: A qualitative descriptive study.

The study aimed to explore and describe the barriers affecting Registered Nurses in undertaking clinical teaching in clinical settings. The exploration was based on the experiences of Registered Nurses at a selected teaching hospital in Namibia. The researcher intended to identify strategies that could be used to mitigate the negative effects of barriers to effective clinical teaching. A qualitative explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was used. Purposive sampling was used to select 16 participants. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Clinical teaching is negatively affected by several barriers that hamper clinical teaching and nursing students' learning outcomes. Seven main themes were identified: (1) participants' understanding of clinical teaching; (2) organizational barriers; (3) patient barriers; (4) Registered Nurse barriers; (5) student barriers; (6) training institution barriers; and (7) strategies to mitigate barriers to clinical teaching. The findings revealed that several barriers negatively affect clinical nursing education and hamper the clinical teaching and learning of nursing students. This study may assist in the development of targeted interventions that address the barriers that hinder clinical teaching at teaching hospitals. Additionally, this study could assist in improving the health care that is provided by nursing students to patients. The findings may assist with improved quality by reducing nursing students' theory-practice gap and by promoting collaboration between Registered Nurses and nurse educators in clinical settings.

The Role of the Intellectual Potential of Employees in Creating the Goodwill of a Teaching Hospital

Hospitals are medical entities providing health services to patients. The dominant share of labour costs in the cost structure of the healthcare entity is evidence of the critical role of employees in a hospital's activities. Specialized medical staff provide medical services and educate future medical staff, while also conducting clinical trials and supporting the development of medical technologies. The article aims to recognize the impact of the intellectual potential of employees on creating goodwill in a teaching hospital. The inference was made based on the financial data available on hospital employees' income and labour costs as factors in the development of the goodwill of a teaching hospital. The following research questions were posed: whether the existing legal regulations regarding the financing of the activities of teaching hospitals in Poland, including the costs of medical staff, are conducive to the creation and development of goodwill of teaching hospitals; whether the ratio of the value of operating revenues to labour costs can be considered as a determinant of the increase in the goodwill of a teaching hospital. The research was conducted based on reporting data for 2018 - 2019 involving selected teaching hospitals as the basic units associating high-class medical specialists. The research was empirical and based on quantitative and qualitative data. The analyses were of an expert nature, from the perspective of a statutory auditor and a long-term researcher of the problems of the functioning of medical entities - hospitals. The preliminary findings indicate that the intellectual capital of teaching hospitals is crucial in creating and developing the goodwill measured by the ratio of the value of operating revenues to labour costs. The considerations undertaken in the article are an essential voice in recognizing the conditions for developing hospitals as entities with intellectual capital that is helpful in solving health problems on an international scale. The article is a continuation of the author's research on the development of intellectual capital of employees of teaching hospitals in Poland.

Work-Family Conflict and Coping Strategies among Nurses of a Selected Teaching Hospital in Pokhara, Nepal

Introduction: Conflict between work and family is a consequence of incompatibilities between different roles of nurses. Nurses need to maintain equilibrium between the demands of work and family life because it is important for their physical and mental health. The elimination of distress is primarily achieved through effective coping. The objective of this study was to assess the status of work family conflict and coping strategies among nurses.&#x0D; Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the nurses of a teaching hospital. Consecutive sampling was employed for the selection of 110 nurses. A self-administered structured questionnaire consisting of Carlson work family conflict scale and brief cope inventory was used for data collection. Work-Family Conflict was categorized into high and low level based on the mean score. Similarly, Coping Strategies was also categorized into high and low coping based on the mean score. A Chi-square test was used to find the association between variables and status of work-family conflict.&#x0D; Results: Nearly half (44.5%) of the nurses were suffering from high work family conflict and more than half (51.8%) of the participants were adopting high coping strategies. The religion(p=0.042) and schedule flexibility (p=0.026) were found to be significantly associated with the status of work-family conflict.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study concludes that almost half of the nurses working in teaching hospital suffer from high work-family conflict. So, there is a need to pay attention to the interface of work and family roles in order to reduce the conflict level and enhance work output among nurses.

Correlation Between Mother-infant Attachment and Fear of COVID-19 in Mothers of Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Tehran, Iran During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background &amp; Aims Infant hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) causes loss or delay in mother-infant attachment. On the other hand, quarantine and social distancing during the COVID-19 epidemic had psychological consequences, such as increased fear of infection. This study aims to determine the relationship between mother-infant attachment and fear of COVID-19 in mothers with neonates admitted to the NICUs of selected hospitals in Tehran, Iran, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials &amp; Methods In this descriptive-correlational study, participants were 195 mothers with neonates admitted to the NICUs of selected teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Data collection tools were a demographic form, the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCoV-19S), and Avant’s mother-infant attachment behaviors questionnaire, which were completed by the researcher. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using independent t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and ANOVA. Results The mean score of FCoV-19S was 19.04±5.40, and the mean score of mother-infant attachment was 70.12±50.65. No significant relationship was observed between the fear of COVID-19 and mother-infant attachment (P&gt;0.05). Fear of COVID-19 had a significant relationship with the interest in the baby’s gender (P=0.001) and the mother’s education level (P=0.041). Mother-infant attachment had a significant relationship with interest in the baby’s gender (P=0.01) and infant hospitalization due to jaundice (P=0.049). Conclusion Mother-infant attachment of the mothers in this study is low, and their fear of COVID-19 is almost high. There is no significant correlation between the fear of COVID-19 and mother-infant attachment. It is necessary to pay attention to effective factors in promoting emotional attachment between mothers and neonates hospitalized in the NICUs. It is also recommended that the medical staff and nurses pay attention to this group of mothers during pandemics such as COVID-19 and use some techniques to reduce their fear of infection.

Reasons for Using Different Methods of Anesthesia in Cesarean Section in Selected Teaching Hospitals Located in Khuzestan Province

Reasons for Using Different Methods of Anesthesia in Cesarean Section in Selected Teaching Hospitals Located in Khuzestan Province

The Effects of Covid-19 on Financial-Economic and Performance Efficiency of Hospitals.

During the pandemic of COVID-19, the function and performance of hospitals have been affected by various economic-financial and management aspects. The aim of the current study was to assess the process of therapeutic care delivery and also the economic-financial functions of the selected hospitals before and after COVID-19. This research is a descriptive-analytical study and a cross-sectional-comparative study in terms of time, and it was conducted in several selected teaching hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences. A purposeful and convenient sampling method was used. The data has been collected using the standard research tool (standard checklist of the Ministry of Health) in the two areas of financial-economic and healthcare performance (such as Data of financial and economic indicators such as direct and indirect costs, liquidity ratio and profitability index as well as key performance indicators of hospitals such as bed occupancy ratio (BOR; %), average length of stay (ALOS), bed turnover rate (BTR), bed turnover distance rate (BTIR) and hospital mortality rate (HMR), physician-to-bed ratio and nurse-to-bed ratio) of hospitals in two times before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 (time period 2018 to 2021). The data was collected from 2018 to 2021. Pearson/Spearman regression was used for the evaluation of the relationship between variables using SPSS 22. This research showed the admission of COVID-19 patients caused a change in the indicators we evaluated. ALOS (-6.6%), BTIR (-40.7%), and discharge against medical advice (-7.0%) decreased from 2018 to 2021. BOR; % (+5.0%), occupy bed days (+6.6%), BTR (+27.5%, HMR (+50%), number of inpatients (+18.8%), number of discharges (+13.1%), number of surgeries (+27.4%), nurse-per-bed ratio (+35.9%), doctor-per-bed ratio (+31.0%) increased in the same period of time. The profitability index was correlated to all of the performance indicators except for the net death rate. Higher length of stay and turnover interval had a negative effect on the profitability index while higher bed turnover rate, bed occupancy ratio, bed day, number of inpatient admission, and number of surgery had a positive effect on the profitability index. It has been shown from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the performance indicators of the studied hospitals were negatively affected. As a consequence of the COVID-19 epidemic, many hospitals were not able to deal with the negative financial and medical outcomes of this crisis due to a significant decrease in income and a double increase in expenses.

Prevalence and Social Demographic Factors Associated with Secondary Traumatic Stress, Burnout and Compassion Satisfaction among Nurses at Selected Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia

Introduction: Nurses’ constant exposure to severe human suffering within constrained health care environments places them at risk for developing Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout. The current study therefore sought to establish the prevalence and social demographic factors associated with Secondary Traumatic Stress, Burnout and Compassion Satisfaction among Nurses working at selected Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods: A correlational design employing a self-administered questionnaire adapted from version five of the Professional Quality of Life scale was used to collect data from 250 nurses drawn using proportional stratified sampling method. The resulting data were analyzed using version 23 of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout. Findings: Whilst the majority of respondents reported average levels of Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout, about a quarter reported high Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout scores at 23% and 26% respectively. Only 81 (32.4%) scored high on Compassion Satisfaction. Social demographic factors including; working in the main Intensive Care Unit, and being married accounted for the greatest variance in Secondary Traumatic Stress (R2 = 0.237, p 2 = 0.256, p < 0.001) scores. Compassion satisfaction was negatively correlated with both Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout. Conclusion: Findings of the current study signify a need to institute measures to help nurses cope with the deleterious psychological effects of constant engagement with those in distress and to foster Compassion Satisfaction.

Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation at a Selected Training Hospital in Namibia: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Nurses play a key role in cases of cardiopulmonary arrest by promptly attending to and initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation thus requires nurses to possess appropriate attitudes, competencies, and adherence to the best nursing practice. Cardiac arrests are a prevalent cause of fatalities, being responsible for approximately 30% of deaths worldwide. Despite this statistic, however, research in this specific field is lacking in Namibia. The objective of this research was to examine registered nurses' knowledge, attitudes toward, and practice with regard to cardiopulmonary resuscitation at a selected teaching hospital in Namibia. A cross-sectional survey design using a self-administered questionnaire was utilized to purposively recruit 158 registered nurses from the inpatient and outpatient departments of a teaching hospital in Namibia. Descriptive and chi-square tests were performed using SPSSv26. The results of the study indicate that a significant percentage of nurses have limited knowledge (14.7 ± 1.50), negative attitudes (36.2 ± 4.8), and poor practice (11.16 ± 1.18) when it comes to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Their poor knowledge is strongly associated with poor practice (χ2 = 9.162, P = .002). The study further revealed a significant correlation between the departments in which the nurses worked and their practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, suggesting that the work environment is a crucial factor in determining a nurse's approach to emergency care. The findings of study indicate that the cardiopulmonary resuscitation practice in the selected hospital is unsafe due to the registered nurses' poor knowledge and negative attitudes. It is strongly recommended that hospital managers and policy-makers take steps to formulate guidelines that mandate regular cardiopulmonary resuscitation training at predetermined times.

The Relationship Between Spiritual Health and Job Stress of Nurses in Selected Teaching Hospitals in Yazd in 2020

Background: Job stress greatly affects the physical and mental health of nurses. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between spiritual health and job stress among nurses working in selected hospitals of Yazd University of Medical Sciences and Health Services in 2020.&#x0D; Methods: This was a cross-sectional and correlational study conducted in 2020 in Rahnemoun and Shahid Sadoughi hospitals in Yazd. The sample size was 203 nurses selected through random cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Pulotzin Wallison Spiritual Health questionnaire and the Tuft and Anderson Job Stress Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Spearman, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis correlation coefficient by SPSS24.&#x0D; Results: The mean of nurses' job stress was (109.17 ± 28.66) and the mean of spiritual health was (92.58 ± 14.80). The relationship between job stress and spiritual health was statistically significant and negative (P-value &lt; 0.001). There was a statistically significant relationship between spiritual health and marital status(P-value = 0.0002), age groups(P-value = 0.013), work group(P-value = 0.003)s and employment status (P-value &lt; 0.001); and between job stress and gender (P-value &lt; 0.001), marital status (P-value &lt; 0.001), age groups (P-value &lt; 0.001), work experience(P-value &lt; 0.001) and employment status (P-value &lt; 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: In order to improve spiritual health, experts advise managers and supervisors to hold classes and seminars related to the positive effects of spiritual health regarding physical and mental health. Consequently, their job performance will improve.

The Intellectual Potential of Employees in Hospital Crisis Management During a Pandemic

Abstract: Hospitals are medical entities that provide health care services to patients. The specialized medical staff does not only provide medical services, but also educates future medical professionals, conducts clinical research, and supports the development of medical technology.&#x0D; The important role of employees in hospital operations is evidenced by the dominant percentage of labour costs in the cost structure of the health care entity.&#x0D; The article aims to analyse the changes in remuneration of teaching hospital employees as a factor stimulating the increase in the intellectual potential of hospital employees, including medical staff as the main resource of knowledge workers, in hospital crisis management during a pandemic.&#x0D; The inference was made based on the available financial data on the formation and growth of labour costs of hospital employees as a factor in stimulating the development of intellectual potential.&#x0D; The following research questions were posed: Is the level of remuneration of hospital employees during a pandemic an expression of building the intellectual potential of hospital employees and do current legal regulations on financing the operations of teaching hospitals in Poland, including the financing of salaries and other labour costs of medical staff, support crisis management during a pandemic?&#x0D; The research was conducted based on the reporting data for 2018-2020 in selected teaching hospitals as primary entities employing high-level medical professionals. The research was empirical by nature and was based on quantitative and qualitative data. The analyses were of an expert nature from the perspective of a certified auditor and a long-term researcher of the problems of the functioning of hospitals as medical entities.&#x0D; The investigations presented in the paper help identify the conditions for the development of the intellectual potential of hospital employees as actors involved in solving health problems of an international scope. The effects of the analyses are mainly addressed to the bodies establishing medical entities, bodies influencing the form of the health care system and hospital management staff.